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List of World Heritage Sites in Vietnam

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The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) World Heritage Sites are places of importance to cultural or natural heritage as described in the UNESCO World Heritage Convention, established in 1972. Vietnam accepted the convention on 19 October 1987, making its natural and cultural sites eligible for inclusion on the list. , there are nine World Heritage Sites in Vietnam, including six cultural sites, two natural sites, and one mixed. Vietnam holds the second-highest number of World Heritage Sites in Southeast Asia, after Indonesia with ten sites.

The Complex of Huế Monuments was the first site in Vietnam to be inscribed on the list at the 17th session of the World Heritage Committee held in Colombia in 1993. Two cultural sites from Quảng Nam were listed in 1999: Hội An Ancient Town and Mỹ Sơn Sanctuary. Hạ Long Bay and Phong Nha – Kẻ Bàng National Park were listed as natural sites in 1994 and 2003, respectively, before receiving the extension on the criteria for exceptional geological and geomorphologic values by the World Heritage Committee in 2000 and 2015. The Central Sector of Imperial Citadel of Thăng Long was inscribed in 2010, coinciding with the Millennial Anniversary of the Thăng Long capital. Tràng An Scenic Landscape Complex was inscribed in 2016, the first mixed site in Southeast Asia. The most recent site added is the Yen Tu-Vinh Nghiem-Con Son, Kiep Bac Complex of Monuments and Landscapes.

After being recognized, the sites became popular tourist attractions. They are also considered to be driving forces behind the growth of tourism in the country. According to the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, Tràng An was the most popular World Heritage Site in Vietnam, attracted more than 6 million visitors and raised 867.5 million VND in 2019 alone. In addition to its World Heritage Sites, Vietnam also maintains six properties on its tentative list.

World Heritage Sites

UNESCO lists sites under ten criteria; each entry must meet at least one of the criteria. Criteria i through vi are cultural, and vii through x are natural.

SiteImageLocation (municipality)Year listedUNESCO dataDescriptionComplex of Huế MonumentsHạ Long Bay–Cát Bà ArchipelagoHội An Ancient TownMỹ Sơn SanctuaryPhong Nha – Kẻ Bàng National Park and Hin Nam No National ParkCentral Sector of Imperial Citadel of Thăng LongCitadel of the Hồ DynastyTràng An Landscape ComplexYên Tử – Vĩnh Nghiêm – Côn Sơn, Kiếp Bạc Complex of Monuments and Landscapes
[[File:Meridian Gate of Huế (03-10-17) II.jpg150pxMeridian Gate of the Imperial City of Huế in 2017]]Huế1993678; iv (cultural)The Complex of Huế Monuments is located in and around Huế, the former imperial capital of Vietnam under the Nguyễn dynasty. Despite having suffered from the effects of three wars, the site is well-preserved and remains a remarkable construction of the 19th century.
[[File:Ha Long Bay - North East Vietnam.JPG150pxHa Long Bay in 2008]]Quảng Ninh and Hải Phòng1994672; vii, viii, ix, x (natural)url=http://baochinhphu.vn/Van-hoa/Tron-20-nam-Vinh-Ha-Long-duoc-cong-nhan-la-Di-san-thien-nhien-the-gioi-lan-hai/415855.vgptitle=Tròn 20 năm Vịnh Hạ Long được công nhận là Di sản thiên nhiên thế giới lần haidate=2 December 2020access-date=2 December 2020publisher=Government of Vietnamauthor=Nhật Thylanguage=Vietnamesetrans-title=Twenty years ago, Ha Long Bay was recognized as a World Natural Heritage for the second timearchive-url=https://archive.today/20210316131211/http://baochinhphu.vn/Van-hoa/Tron-20-nam-Vinh-Ha-Long-duoc-cong-nhan-la-Di-san-thien-nhien-the-gioi-lan-hai/415855.vgparchive-date=16 March 2021url-status=live}}
[[File:Boat by the water - Hoi An (16922189291).jpg150pxHouses with small shops in Hoi An in 2020]]Quảng Nam1999948; ii, v (cultural)Located near the mouth of the Thu Bồn River, Hội An Ancient Town comprises timber-frame buildings, which include architectural monuments, an open market, and a ferry quay. Its architecture reflects a blend of indigenous and foreign influences from Chinese, Japanese and European cultures. It is an example of a Southeast Asian trading port dating from the 15th to the 19th century.
[[File:Wt-3796.jpg150pxMỹ Sơn Sanctuary in 2019]]Quảng Nam1999949; ii, iii (cultural)Mỹ Sơn is a cluster of abandoned and partially ruined Hindu temples, constructed between the 4th and the 13th century by the kings of Champa. The temples are dedicated to the worship of the Hindu divinity Shiva. The site reflects the spiritual and political life in the Champa Kingdom.
[[File:Phongnhakebang2.jpg150pxA cave in Phong Nha – Kẻ Bàng National Park in 2007]]Quảng Bình2003951bis; viii, ix, x (natural)Phong Nha – Kẻ Bàng is located in the middle of the Annamite Range. Phong Nha – Kẻ Bàng has a diverse limestone karst ecosystem, containing terrestrial and aquatic habitats, forests, savanna, and large caves. The Sơn Đoòng Cave is considered to have the world's largest natural cave passage. In 2025, the site became transnational with the extension to Hin Nam No National Park.
[[File:Đoan Môn, Hoàng thành Thăng Long, Hà Nội 003.JPG150pxĐoan Môn Gate of Imperial Citadel of Thăng Long in 2015]]Hanoi20101328; ii, iii, vi (cultural)url=https://tuoitre.vn/hoang-thanh-thang-long-duoc-cong-nhan-di-san-van-hoa-the-gioi-393117.htmtitle=Hoàng thành Thăng Long được công nhận di sản văn hóa thế giớiwork=Tuổi Trẻpublisher=Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Unionauthor=Đăng Địnhaccess-date=15 June 2019archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210306053619/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1328archive-date=6 March 2021url-status=livedate=1 August 2010language=Vietnamesetrans-title=Imperial Citadel of Thang Long is recognized as world cultural heritage}}
[[File:Cổng Nam.jpg150pxThe South gate of Tay Do castle, a building in the Citadel of the Hồ Dynasty, in 2008]]Thanh Hóa20111358; ii, iv (cultural)The Hồ dynasty built the citadels in 1397, which lie between the Mã and Bưởi rivers. The site shows a concept of royal power, new trends in technology and commerce in an imperial city. Its construction adapted the Confucian philosophy within a primarily Buddhist culture.
[[File:Tam Coc Rice Valley (8756354342).jpg150pxTam Cốc Rice Valley of Tràng An Scenic Landscape Complex in 2013]]Ninh Bình20161438bis; v, vii, viii (mixed)Tràng An is a scenic area located at the southern margin of the Red River Delta. It contains limestone karst peaks with valleys. There are archaeological traces of human activity for more than 30,000 years, dating back from the Neolithic and Bronze Ages. Hoa Lư was the ancient capital of Vietnam, established in the 10th and 11th centuries.
[[File:Chua-yen-tu-ngay-nay.jpg150pxYen Tu in 2020]]Quảng Ninh, Bắc Giang, and Hải Dương20251732; iii, vi (cultural)The site is a series of monuments and landscapes located on Đông Triều mountain range. This is the homeland of the Trần dynasty of Đại Việt in the 13th and 14th century, and the ancestral land of Trúc Lâm Zen Buddhism. This area is known for its landscapes, and historical-cultural relics. The site encompasses multiple relic areas, pagodas, and temples.

Tentative list

In addition to the sites inscribed on the World Heritage List, member states can maintain a list of tentative sites that they may consider for nomination. Nominations for the World Heritage List are only accepted if the site was previously listed on the tentative list. , Vietnam has recorded six sites on its tentative list.

Indicates mixed tentative sites
SiteImageLocation (municipality)Year listedUNESCO dataDescriptionHương Sơn Complex of Natural Beauty and Historical MonumentsCát Tiên National ParkCon Moong CaveBa Bể – Na Hang Natural Heritage AreaÓc Eo–Ba Thê archaeological site
[[File:Chua Huong 059.jpg150pxOne of the zone's cave pilgrimage sites.]]Hanoi1991960; (mixed)The site is an important ecological zone and cultural zone, with archaeological sites dating back 10,000 years and geological formations dating back 200 million years. The Perfume Pagoda Festival is held annually, with the participation of hundreds of thousands of people. The Hương Sơn Complex comprises three groups of temple sites: The Hương Tích group, The Long Vân group, and The Tuyết Pagoda Group.
[[File:An ancient engraved rock of Sapa.JPG150pxOne of the engraved stones of Sapa in 2011]]Lào Cai1997959; (mixed)The site is home to more than 200 stones and megaliths, carved with different images and complicated designs. Images of mountains, hills, and fields can be seen, as well as traces of three kinds of writing system: the pictographs of Han Chinese, talismans of Tày and Dao ethnic groups.
[[File:Cat Tien National Park.jpg150pxWater buffaloes at the Cát Tiên National Park in 2008]]Đồng Nai20065070; vii, ix, x (natural)Cát Tiên National Park is a natural resource with many rare and endemic genes of fauna and flora. It is a part of the wet tropical forest complex and one of the few natural forests remaining in Vietnam. The national park takes an active part in the control of floods and protects the water source of Trị An Dam.
—Thanh Hóa20065072; (cultural)The site, located within the Cúc Phương National Park, was excavated by archaeologists in 1976. The place contains cultural traces of residents of Sơn Vì, Hòa Bình and Bắc Sơn cultures, where people resided continuously from 13,000 to 7,000 years ago. The archaeological site consists of 10 different soil layers.
[[File:Ba Be Lake 2014.jpg150pxBa Bể Lake in 2014]]Tuyên Quang and Bắc Kạn20176262; vii, x (natural)Ba Bể – Na Hang Natural Heritage Area is covered by primeval forests on limestone mountains with diverse fauna and flora. The karst mountains are surrounded by Gâm River, Năng River, and Ba Bể Lake. Many caves have existed for over 10,000 years. The nominated area consists of four main parts: Ba Bể National Park, Nam Xuân Lạc Nature Reserve, Na Hang Nature Reserve, and Lâm Bình Protection Forest.
[[File:Cảnh ở chân núi Ba Thê.jpg150pxBa Thê Mountain]]An Giang20226572; ii, iii, v (cultural)Óc Eo–Ba Thê archaeological site has about 40 cultural relics of religious, burial and residence sites which have been discovered from the early 1940s to the end of the 20th century, proving the existence of a culture associated with Funan from the beginning of AD until the 7th century. It was the main transshipment point between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean through the Kra Strait at that time.

Notes

References

References

  1. "The World Heritage Convention". [[World Heritage Site.
  2. "Viet Nam". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
  3. "World Heritage List". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
  4. (17 May 2018). "Hue Imperial City – World Cultural Heritage". [[Voice of Vietnam]].
  5. (29 January 2015). "Trang An receives UNESCO certificate as World Cultural and Natural Heritage site". [[Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism (Vietnam).
  6. "Giá trị di sản: 'Át chủ bài' trong chiến lược phát triển du lịch". Vietnamese Studies Department of [[Hanoi National University of Education]].
  7. Minh Huyền. (9 January 2020). "Số lượng khách du lịch tham quan 8 di sản thế giới tại Việt Nam tăng mạnh". Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism.
  8. "UNESCO World Heritage Centre – The Criteria for Selection". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
  9. "Complex of Hue Monuments". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
  10. Nguyễn, Văn Tuấn. (1 December 2020). "Vịnh Hạ Long đã được UNESCO công nhận là Di sản thế giới lần thứ hai về giá trị địa chất địa mạo như thế nào". [[Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism (Vietnam).
  11. "Ha Long Bay - Cat Ba Archipelago - Documents". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
  12. Nhật Thy. (2 December 2020). "Tròn 20 năm Vịnh Hạ Long được công nhận là Di sản thiên nhiên thế giới lần hai". [[Government of Vietnam]].
  13. (15 February 2017). "Vịnh Hạ Long – quần đảo Cát Bà sẽ là Di sản thế giới". General Agency for Tourism.
  14. "Ha Long Bay - Cat Ba Archipelago". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
  15. "Hoi An Ancient Town". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
  16. (9 December 2014). "Hoi An: 15 years as an UNESCO World Heritage Site". [[Communist Party of Vietnam]].
  17. "My Son Sanctuary". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
  18. (14 July 2019). "Mysteries of Mỹ Sơn Sanctuary unveiled through restoration". [[Vietnam News Agency]].
  19. (7 June 2015). "Phong Nha – Ke Bang wins 2nd UNESCO recognition". General Agency for Tourism.
  20. Lê, Phi Long. (16 June 2018). "VQG Phong Nha – Kẻ Bàng 15 năm được công nhận di sản thiên nhiên thế giới". [[Vietnam General Confederation of Labour]].
  21. "Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park and Hin Nam No National Park". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
  22. Đăng Định. (1 August 2010). "Hoàng thành Thăng Long được công nhận di sản văn hóa thế giới". [[Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union]].
  23. "Central Sector of the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long – Hanoi". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
  24. "Citadel of the Ho Dynasty". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
  25. Emmons, Ron. (6 April 2017). "Destination Vietnam – Ho Citadel: Vietnam's unlikely UNESCO site". [[CNN]].
  26. "Tràng An Landscape Complex". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
  27. "Yen Tu-Vinh Nghiem-Con Son, Kiep Bac Complex of Monuments and Landscapes". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
  28. Tình Lê. (9 June 2020). "Tái lập hồ sơ trình UNESCO ghi danh Yên Tử là di sản thế giới". [[Ministry of Information and Communications (Vietnam).
  29. "UNESCO World Heritage Centre – Tentative Lists". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
  30. "Hương Sơn Complex of Natural Beauty and Historical Monuments". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
  31. "The Area of Old Carved Stone in Sapa". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
  32. (10 July 2005). "Bãi đá cổ Sa Pa: Cần có phương án bảo tồn cấp thiết". Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union.
  33. (July 2018). "Asia and the Pacific: 157 biosphere reserves in 24 countries". [[Man and the Biosphere Programme]].
  34. Thu Giang. (27 March 2013). "Discover Vietnam – Cát Tiên National Park". General Agency for Tourism.
  35. "Bau Sau Wetlands and Seasonal Floodplain". [[Ramsar Convention]].
  36. (19 June 2013). "UNESCO vẫn xét duyệt Vườn quốc gia Cát Tiên?". Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth Union.
  37. (9 October 2013). "Two dams stopped after IUCN advises against World Heritage nomination". [[International Union for Conservation of Nature]].
  38. "Cat Tien National Park". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
  39. (6 July 2006). "Hoàn thành hồ sơ đề cử Vườn Quốc gia Cát Tiên là Di sản thiên nhiên thế giới". [[Ministry of Public Security (Vietnam).
  40. "Con Moong Cave". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
  41. Ngọc Minh. (9 June 2020). "Đề cử hang Con Moong là Di sản văn hóa thế giới". Vietnam Youth Federation.
  42. "Ba Be – Na Hang Natural Heritage Area". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
  43. (4 December 2017). "Viet Nam seeks UNESCO recognition for Ba Be – Na Hang natural heritage". General Agency for Tourism.
  44. "Oc Eo - Ba The archaeological site". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
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