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List of World Heritage Sites in China

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The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) World Heritage Sites are places of importance to cultural or natural heritage as described in the UNESCO World Heritage Convention, established in 1972. Cultural heritage consists of monuments (such as architectural works, monumental sculptures, or inscriptions), groups of buildings, and sites (including archaeological sites). Natural features (consisting of physical and biological formations), geological and physiographical formations (including habitats of threatened species of animals and plants), and natural sites which are important from the point of view of science, conservation or natural beauty, are defined as natural heritage. China accepted the convention on 12 December 1985, making its sites eligible for inclusion on the list.

China has 60 World Heritage Sites on the list, ranking second in the world, just below Italy with 61 sites. Of these 60 sites, 41 are listed for their cultural, 15 for their natural, and 4 sites for both cultural and natural significance. In addition, China also has 60 sites on its tentative list.

The first sites in China were added to the list in 1987 when six sites were inscribed. The most recent additions took place in 2025 when the Xixia Imperial Tombs were listed. One site is transnational, as the Silk Roads: the Routes Network of Chang'an-Tianshan Corridor is shared with Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.

World Heritage Sites

UNESCO lists sites under ten criteria; each entry must meet at least one of the criteria. Criteria i through vi are cultural, and vii through x are natural.

Site	Image	Location (prov. level)	Year listed	UNESCO data	Description	Mount Taishan	The Great Wall
[[File:泰山南天门.jpg	150px	alt=A long stone staircase on the mountain slope]]	Shandong	1987	437; i, ii, iii, iv, v, vi, vii (mixed)	Mount Tai is the most important of the five Sacred Mountains of China. It is a giant rock mass covered with dense vegetation, towering over a surrounding plateau. Its natural beauty has inspired people for millennia. It was a site of the imperial cult for over 2,000 years, with emperors themselves performing Feng Shan sacrifices. There are numerous temples, stelae, and stone inscriptions on the mountain slopes, both Buddhist and Taoist. The mountain is connected with a series of historical events of China, including the emergence of Confucianism, the unification of the country under the Qin dynasty, and the emergence of writing and literature.
[[File:The Great Wall of China - Badaling.jpg	150px	alt=The Great Wall on a mountain ridge]]	Beijing, Hebei, Gansu	1987	438; i, ii, iii, iv, vi (cultural)	The Great Wall is a series of fortifications in northern China with a total length of over 20000 km. Construction of the Wall, intended as a defense against the invaders from the north, begun in the 3rd century BCE under the Emperor Qin Shi Huang, who connected earlier existing sections. Work on the Great Wall continued until the 17th century under the Ming dynasty. The Wall comprises fortresses, watchtowers, passes, and shelters along the way. It has featured prominently in literature for centuries. Three sections of the wall are listed: the terminuses at Jiayuguan City and Shanhai Pass, and the Badaling section (pictured) near Beijing.
[[File:Forbidden City Beijing (3019178959).jpg	150px	alt=People in front of a ceremonial hall with a long roof with orange tiles]]	Beijing, Liaoning	1987	439bis; i, ii, iii, iv (cultural)	The Forbidden City in Beijing (the Hall of Supreme Harmony pictured) was the seat of the Ming and Qing dynasties from 1416 to 1911. The palaces in Beijing and Shenyang, where the Mukden Palace was added to the site in 2004, represent the development of palatial architecture in China and the fusion of Han, Manchu, Mongolian, and Tibetan cultures and influences, especially in the 17th and 18th centuries. The palace complexes are filled with works of art and also demonstrate the traditions of shamanism practiced by the Manchu.
[[File:Jiucenglou of Mogao Caves.jpg	150px	alt=A multi-storey entrance to the cave in the shape of a temple]]	Gansu	1987	440; i, ii, iii, iv, v, vi (cultural)	The caves in the Dunhuang oasis contain an outstanding collection of Buddhist art spanning from the 4th to 14th centuries. They reflect cultural exchanges between China, India, and Central Asia, as well as the art of various ethnic minorities of China. They also provide insight into the life and culture of the Sui, Tang, and Song dynasties. From the end of the 19th century until 1930, the caves were occupied by Buddhist monks. The Dunhuang manuscripts, one of the most famous finds, were discovered in one of the caves in 1900.
[[File:Terracotta Army Pit 1 - 2.jpg	150px	alt=Several life-size terracotta statues of soldiers]]	Shaanxi	1987	441; i, iii, iv, vi (cultural)	The mausoleum was constructed for Qin Shi Huang of the Qin dynasty, the first Emperor of China and unifier of the country, who died in 210 BCE. The massive mausoleum comprises the grave mound with a height above 50 m and numerous accompanying pits with funerary objects. Of these, the most famous is the Terracotta Army (pictured), thousands of life-sized and realistic terracotta statues of warriors, as well as horses and chariots. The site was discovered in 1974.
[[File:Zhoukoudian Entrance.JPG	150px	alt=Entrance to the archaeological site with a large sculpture of the Peking Man]]	Beijing	1987	449; iii, vi (cultural)	Zhoukoudian (entrance pictured) is an archaeological site with limestone caves that preserved remains of ancient humans, tools, and animals from the Pleistocene. Excavations have been going on since the early 20th century. The finds include the so-called Peking Man, a subspecies of Homo erectus who lived 700,000 to 200,000 years ago, archaic Homo sapiens from about 200,000 to 100,000 years ago, and modern humans dating back to 30,000 years ago. They provide an important insight into the human evolution and the life of human communities in Asia.
[[File:Huangshan-瀑布云 20141109.JPG	150px	alt=Mountain with several granite peaks, partially covered by clouds]]	Anhui	1990	547bis; ii, vii, x (mixed)	Huangshan, or Yellow Mountain, is a granite mountain range with numerous peaks, boulders, caves, waterfalls, and rock formations. It has ancient pine trees and is home to rich assemblies of bryophytes and ferns. There are several endemic plant species. The scenic landscape of the mountain has been inspiring the Chinese imagination since at least the time of the Tang dynasty of the 8th century. It has featured in poems and paintings, having a school of painting named after it. A minor boundary modification of the site took place in 2012.
[[File:1 jiuzhaigou valley wu hua hai 2011b.jpg	150px	alt=Trees in autumn colours around a blue-water pond with tree trunks inside]]	Sichuan	1992	637; vii (natural)	The valley is surrounded by jagged mountain peaks reaching up to 4800 m high. There are numerous karst features, including caves, limestone terraces, as well as pools and waterfalls, resulting in a scenic beauty. The valley has a series of diverse forest ecosystems that are home to some 140 bird species, the giant panda, and Sichuan takin.
[[File:1 huanglong pools aerial 2011.jpg	150px	alt=A series of travertine pools with blue water in a forest area]]	Sichuan	1992	638; vii (natural)	The mountain landscape has glaciers, diverse forest ecosystems, waterfalls, and karst formations. A special feature is a series of travertine terraces and lakes (pictured). The area is home to the giant panda and golden snub-nosed monkey.
[[File:Zhangjiajie National Forest Park 38021-Zhangjiajie (48757252178).jpg	150px	alt=Landscape with numerous sandstone pillars partially covered in vegetation]]	Hunan	1992	640; vii (natural)	The defining feature of the landscape is a collection of more than 3,000 quartz sandstone pillars and peaks, some of which are more than 200 m tall. Other interesting landforms include karst caves with calcite deposits, gorges, ravines, pools, waterfalls, and two large natural stone bridges. The area is home to the Asian black bear, dhole, and water deer.
[[File:Putuo Zongcheng Temple.jpg	150px	alt=A temple in red and white colours on the slope of a hill]]	Hebei	1994	703; ii, iv (cultural)	The resort was built in the 18th century as the summer palace for the Qing dynasty emperors. At the same time it functioned as a base to strengthen administration in the border regions. The palaces, temples, and gardens are designed to be integrated harmoniously with the natural environment, following the principles of feng shui. Several temples are in the styles of ethnic minorities of the empire. The Putuo Zongcheng Temple in the Tibetan style is pictured.
[[File:Qufu Confucian Temple 49255-Qufu (49055650421).jpg	150px	alt=An entrance to a temple with red door and yellow roof]]	Shandong	1994	704; i, iv, vi (cultural)	Qufu was the birthplace of Confucius, a great Chinese philosopher, educator, and politician, who died in the 5th century BCE. His teachings, known as Confucianism, were greatly influential in China, Korea, Japan, Vietnam, as well as in the 18th century Europe during the Age of Enlightenment. The temple was originally built in 478 BCE and was rebuilt and expanded over centuries. The continuous support of the emperors meant that the finest artisans worked on the complex which includes the Temple of Confucius (pictured), the Kong Family Mansion, and the Cemetery of Confucius where he and more than 100,000 of his descendants are buried.
[[File:Wudangshan pic 12.jpg	150px	alt=A Chinese temple with a prominent staircase in front and a hill in the background]]	Hubei	1994	705; i, ii, vi (cultural)	The religious complex in the Wudang Mountains was established as a centre for Taoism under the Tang dynasty in the 7th century. It reached its peak under the Ming dynasty between the 14th and 17th centuries. Today, the complex preserves 53 palaces, temples, and shrines in nine different architectural styles, including those from the Yuan and Qing dynasties. The buildings represent the highest architectural and artistic standards of China through centuries and were influential in the development of public and religious architecture in the country. The Purple Cloud Temple is pictured.
[[File:Potala palace21.jpg	150px	alt=A palace on the slopes of a hill, painted white and red and with many windows]]	Tibet	1994	707ter; i, iv, vi (cultural)	The palace (pictured) in Lhasa served as the winter residence of the Dalai Lamas from the 7th century. It represents the role that Tibetan Buddhism had in the administration and governance of the Tibetan society. The vast palace is filled with works of art, including murals, painted scrolls, sculptures, and porcelain, and has a collection of important historic documents. In 2000 and 2001, respectively, the site was expanded to include the Jokhang temple monastery from the 7th century and Norbulingka, the summer residence of the Dalai Lamas from the 18th century.
[[File:Mount Lushan - fog.JPG	150px	alt=Mountain peaks with trees covered in clouds]]	Jiangxi	1996	778; ii, iii, iv, vi (cultural)	The cultural landscape around Mount Lu and Poyang Lake has been inspiring philosophers and artists for more than two millennia and was the cultural centre of southern China. There are more than 200 historic buildings in the national park, including Buddhist and Taoist temples and sites of Confucianist teachings, in particular the White Deer Grotto Academy. The stone arch Guanyin Bridge from the Song dynasty is important in the history of Chinese civil engineering.
[[File:Leshan Buddha Statue View.JPG	150px	alt=Tourists watching a giant Buddha statue carved in a stone hill near a river]]	Sichuan	1996	779; iv, vi, x (mixed)	Mount Emei is one of the four sacred Buddhist mountains in China. It is the site of the first Buddhist temple in China, constructed when the religion was introduced from India via the Silk Road in the 1st century CE. Today, there are over 30 temples from different periods on the mountain, as well as several important monuments. The best known is the Leshan Giant Buddha (pictured), a 71 m tall statue carved in stone in the 8th century. The mountain is also important for its animal and plant biodiversity, with forest types spanning from subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest at the bottom to subalpine conifer forest at the highest elevations.
[[File:1 lijiang old town 2012a.jpg	150px	alt=Traditional houses on both sides of a stream, crossed by a stone bridge]]	Yunnan	1997	811bis; ii, iv, v (cultural)	Located on the meeting point between the Silk Road and the ancient Tea Horse Road, Lijiang was an important trade centre between Sichuan, Yunnan, and Tibet from the 12th century onward. It was a meeting point of Han, Nakhi, Bai, and Tibetan people and other communities, which is reflected in particular local architecture, urban planning, and traditions. The city also demonstrates a harmonious coexistence of Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism. A prominent feature of the city is its traditional water supply system, with waters from the mountains being collected in the Black Dragon Pool. They are then distributed through a series of canals and channels. A minor boundary modification of the site took place in 2012.
[[File:PingYaoCity.jpg	150px	alt=A multi-storey Chinese tower with people passing underneath]]	Shanxi	1997	812; ii, iii, iv (cultural)	The city of Pingyao was founded under the Ming dynasty in the 14th century. The city centre (market tower pictured) is a well-preserved example of a Han Chinese traditional city and it demonstrates the evolution of architectural styles under the Ming and Qing dynasties. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, it was the major banking centre of the country. In addition to the old city centre, two temples are listed as well, the Zhenguo Temple and the Shuanglin Temple. Both are important due to their architecture and art collections.
[[File:Humble Administrator Garden 48396-Suzhou (49171766422).jpg	150px	alt=A Chinese garden with a bridge over a pond and pavilions on both sides]]	Jiangsu	1997	813bis i, ii, iii, iv, v (cultural)	The design of Chinese gardens has been developing for more than two millennia. The gardens in the city of Suzhou demonstrate some of the finest examples of the form, including water features, rock formations, pavilions, bridges, and meticulously arranged plants, designed to create harmonious and miniature landscapes that reflect the natural world. Out of more than fifty such gardens in the city, four were listed in 1997, and a further five were added in 2000. They date between the 11th and 19th centuries. The Humble Administrator's Garden is pictured.
[[File:Longevity Hill of the Summer Palace.jpg	150px	alt=A tower next to a lake with a boat, trees in the background]]	Beijing	1998	880; i, ii, iii (cultural)	The palace was conceived next to the Kunming Lake in Beijing in the mid-18th century under the Qing Qianlong Emperor. It is a prominent example of a Chinese garden, with water features, pavilions, temples, and bridges. It had an important influence on subsequent garden designs. It was destroyed during the Second Opium War in 1860, restored in 1888, again damaged during the Boxer Rebellion in 1900, restored, and has been a public park since 1924.
[[File:Temple of Heaven - Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests.jpg	150px	alt=A circular three-storied temple on a stone platform]]	Beijing	1998	881; i, ii, iii (cultural)	The Temple of Heaven in Beijing is the most representative of the sacrificial buildings in China. Its design and symbolic layout had an important influence on subsequent buildings. The original temple was constructed in 1420 under the Ming dynasty, together with the Forbidden City. The current layout dates to 1749, following a renovation under the Qing dynasty. The Hall of Prayer for Good Harvests, where the emperors offered sacrifice to Heaven for abundant harvests, is pictured.
[[File:Wuyi Mountains Sea of clouds 4.jpg	150px	alt=A river with stone formations and lush forest on the banks]]	Fujian	1999	911bis; ii, vi, vii, x (mixed)	The area of Mount Wuyi preserves the largest mainly intact examples of subtropical and rainforests in China. The forests are rich in biodiversity and home to several relict species. Along the Nine Bend River (pictured), there are high cliffs and sandstone rock formations. There is an archaeological site of a Han dynasty administrative capital from the 1st century BCE. There are also several temples and Confucianist learning centres that were associated with the development of the Neo-Confucianist philosophy in the 11th century. A minor boundary modification of the site took place in 2017.
[[File:Dazu-Baoding Shan-150-No5-2012-gje.jpg	150px	alt=Several large Buddhist statues carved in a hill slope. Background is painted.]]	Chongqing	1999	912: i, ii, iii (cultural)	This site comprises five clusters with rock reliefs near the city of Chongqing. They date from the 9th to the 13th centuries and depict Confucianist, Taoist, and Buddhist motifs, side by side. This demonstrates the harmonious coexistence of these three religions in China. There are also secular motifs. The carvings represent the pinnacle of Chinese rock art. The group at Mount Baoding is pictured.
[[File:青城山山门 01.jpg	150px	alt=Entrance to a Chinese temple, highly decorated gates]]	Sichuan	2000	1001; ii, iv, vi (cultural)	Mount Qingcheng is the site where the philosopher Zhang Daoling founded the doctrine of Chinese Taoism in the 2nd century BCE. There are 11 important Taoist temples (entrance to one of the temples pictured) on the mountain slopes, dating to different periods. The Dujiangyan Irrigation System was originally constructed in the 3rd century BCE to control flooding and to irrigate farmland, without the use of dams. It demonstrates the advanced technological stage of ancient China. The system was modified and enlarged in the following centuries.
[[File:HongCun AnHui.JPG	150px	alt=A row of residential buildings next to a body of water]]	Anhui	2000	1002; iii, iv, v (cultural)	These two villages (Hongcun pictured) represent typical villages of Anhui as they were between the 14th and 20th centuries, a type of settlement that has largely disappeared. The villages were developed by successful officials or merchants returning home after assignments. The layout and the buildings reflect the social structure of feudal China and its values based on Confucianism and Neo-Confucianism.
[[File:DragonGateCave2.jpg	150px	alt=Large size Buddhist statues carved in stone from a cliff wall]]	Henan	2000	1003; i, ii, iii (cultural)	The grottoes carved into the sandstone cliffs along the Yi River near the ancient capital of Luoyang contain a vast collection of Buddhist rock carvings and statues. Most date to the late Northern Wei and early Tang dynasties, between the 5th and mid-8th centuries. They represent a high point of Chinese rock art and were influential in the development of sculptural art in the wider region.
[[File:Nanjing Ming Xiaoling 2017.11.11 08-10-27.jpg	150px	alt=A stone path leading to a mausoleum]]	Beijing, Liaoning, Jiangsu	2000	1004ter; i, ii, iii, iv, vi (cultural)	This site comprises 14 tombs or tomb clusters belonging to the emperors of the last two Chinese dynasties, the Ming and Qing, who ruled between the 14th and 20th centuries. The basic design of the tombs, in line with the feng shui principles, was established with the Xiao Mausoleum (pictured), the tomb of the first Ming emperor. The Qing rulers kept the Ming design and added new elements from the Manchurian culture. The tombs have a sacred way lined with stone sculptures and monuments, where the ceremonies were held. Three properties were listed in 2000, with further tombs added in 2003 and 2004.
[[File:61292-Yungang-Grottoes (28498548881).jpg	150px	alt=Buddhist statues carved in a stone cliff]]	Shanxi	2001	1039; i, ii, iii, iv (cultural)	The grottoes with Buddhist sculptures are an outstanding example of Chinese rock-cut architecture. They date to the mid-5th and early 6th centuries during the Northern Wei dynasty. There are 252 caves with over 50,000 statues. They show influences of South and Central Asian art but with Chinese traditions. The grottoes were important in the development of Buddhist art in China.
[[File:DSCN1728.JPG	150px	alt=A narrow river gorge between mountains covered in forest]]	Yunnan	2003	1083bis; vii, viii, ix, x (natural)	In the mountains of Yunnan, the upper streams of three major Asian rivers, the Yangtze, Mekong, and Salween, run roughly parallel through steep gorges. The mountainous area was created in the collision of the Indian plate with the Eurasian plate in the last 50 million years. There are mountains reaching above 6000 m in height, glaciers, alpine karst, and danxia landforms. Located at the meeting point of East Asia, Southeast Asia, and the Tibetan Plateau, and with habitats at various elevations, the area is a biodiversity hotspot and one of the most species-rich area in the temperate zone. The Tiger Leaping Gorge along the Yangtze River is pictured. A minor boundary modification of the site took place in 2010.
[[File:Tomb of the General 1.jpg	150px	alt=A large circular stone tomb]]	Jilin	2004	1135; i, ii, iii, iv, v (cultural)	The Koguryo or Goguryeo kingdom ruled over parts of northern China and the northern half of the Korean Peninsula from 277 BCE to 668 CE. This site comprises three archaeological sites, the Wunü Mountain City, Gungnae, and Hwando, which served as capitals during the early and middle periods of the kingdom, until the capital was moved to Pyongyang in 427 CE. There are several tombs of royals and nobles (the Tomb of the General pictured). The paintings and inscriptions in the burial chambers indicate the influence of the Chinese culture on the Koguryo, who did not develop independent writing. The scenes depict daily life, sports, hunting, and mythological motifs.
[[File:Ruínas de S. Paulo.jpg	150px	alt=Ruins of a church, with the front facade rather preserved]]	Macau	2005	1110; ii, iii, iv, vi (cultural)	Macau was founded as a Portuguese port in the 16th century and returned to Chinese sovereignty in 1999. The city played an important role in trade and cultural exchange between China and the West. There are numerous historic buildings in the city, with European and Chinese ones standing side by side. Macau saw the introduction of some of the first western-style buildings to China, such as a theatre, churches, fortresses, a university, and a hospital. The Ruins of Saint Paul's, the remains of a Baroque church, are pictured.
[[File:26245-Anyang (49086226266).jpg	150px	alt=A replica of a large bronze vessel on a stone platform]]	Henan	2006	1114; ii, iii, iv, vi (cultural)	The archaeological site of Yinxu, near modern Anyang, was the capital city of the late Shang dynasty, from the 14th to the 11th centuries BCE. Excavations uncovered remains of a palace and of numerous houses, as well as royal and other tombs. The artifacts found include ritual bronzes (a replica pictured) which illustrate the high sophistication of the Shang culture, and large collections of oracle bones, the earliest evidence of systematic written Chinese.
[[File:Panda Cub from Wolong, Sichuan, China.JPG	150px	alt=A close-up of a panda bear cub]]	Sichuan	2006	1213; x (natural)	This site comprises seven nature reserves and nine scenic parks that cover most of the last remaining contiguous habitat of the giant panda (a cub pictured). In view of biodiversity, the area is one of the richest in the world in the temperate zone, and is home to threatened species such as the red panda, snow leopard, and clouded leopard. From the botanical perspective, there is a high diversity of magnolia, bamboo, rhododendron, and orchid species.
[[File:Zili Village 18622-Kaiping (49038394322).jpg	150px	alt=Several watchtowers next to a field]]	Guangdong	2007	1112; ii, iii, iv (cultural)	Diaolou are multi-storey watchtowers, some of which were also residential, characteristic of the Kaiping area. They originate in the time of the Ming dynasty, when they served as fortifications against local bandits. Most of the current diaolou date from the late 19th and early 20th centuries and are associated with the Overseas Chinese returning home and bringing back architectural styles especially from North America, South Asia, and Australasia. They are made of rammed earth, bricks, stone, and concrete. Four diaolou clusters and villages are listed, Zili Village is pictured.
[[File:87471-Li-River (29881896297).jpg	150px	alt=Conical mountains with a river in front]]	Yunnan, Guizhou, Chongqing, Guangxi	2007	1248bis; vii, viii (natural)	This site comprises some of the most prominent examples of humid tropical to subtropical karst landforms, including tower karst, giant sinkholes, natural bridges, gorges, and caves with speleothems. They demonstrate the natural beauty of karst landscapes and are important in view of scientific studies of natural processes that shape them. The clusters around Shilin, Libo, and Wulong were listed in 2007. Four additional clusters, including the one around Guilin (pictured), were added in 2014.
[[File:Snail pit tulou.jpg	150px	alt=Several large circular buildings, photo from above]]	Fujian	2008	1113; iii, iv, v (cultural)	A tolou is a type of large earthen buildings, circular or with a square plan, and several stories high. They are inward-looking and could house up to 800 people each. They are characteristic of south-eastern China, where they were constructed between the 13th and 20th centuries, with the most elaborate examples dating to the 17th and 18th centuries. While the exterior is plain and in a defensive function, the interior is typically highly decorated. The World Heritage Site lists 46 tolou in 14 clusters (Tianluokeng tulou cluster pictured).
[[File:19250-SanQingShan (39873732113).jpg	150px	alt=Granite rock formations partially covered by trees]]	Jiangxi	2008	1292; vii (natural)	The natural park is listed for its natural beauty. The characteristic features are numerous granite rock formations, such as pillars, that are partially overgrown with vegetation. Some of the formations have shapes that resemble human figures and animals. There are also springs, lakes, and waterfalls.
[[File:五台山塔院寺.jpg	150px	alt=Temple buildings with red-painted walls near a body of water]]	Shanxi	2009	1279; ii, iii, iv, vi (cultural)	Mount Wutai is a sacred Buddhist mountain. The cultural landscape has been shaped by the imperial patronage of the site for over a millennium. There are numerous monasteries, statues, inscriptions, and stelae. Some of the timber buildings date back to the Tang dynasty. The mountain was influential in the development of Buddhism in China.
[[File:Shaolinsi.JPG	150px	alt=A temple with red-painted walls and a lion statue in front]]	Henan	2010	1305rev; iii, vi (cultural)	Dengfeng, located at the foot of the sacred Mount Song, was traditionally seen as "the centre of heaven and earth" by the Chinese, as the only place where astronomical observations were considered to be accurate. Due to its status, Dengfeng enjoyed the patronage of the emperors, who commissioned several buildings. Important monuments include the Gaocheng Astronomical Observatory, the Shaolin Monastery (pictured), and the Songyue Pagoda.
[[File:38997-Danxiashan (48988860616).jpg	150px	alt=A series of stone pillars, partially covered with vegetation]]	Hunan, Guangdong, Fujian, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Guizhou	2010	1335; vii, viii (natural)	China Danxia is a type of karst landform characterized by red conglomerate and sandstone cliffs with a range of weathered and eroded landscapes, including natural pillars, towers, ravines, valleys, and waterfalls, resulting in great natural beauty. This site comprises nine components in six clusters, representing the most typical formations of different ages and with different levels of weathering. Mount Danxia is pictured.
[[File:西湖平湖秋月.JPG	150px	alt=Night view of a lake with a pavilion]]	Zhejiang	2011	1334; ii, iii, vi (cultural)	The cultural landscape around the lake in Hangzhou has influenced artists, poets, and philosophers since the Tang dynasty. There are numerous temples, pagodas, pavilions, causeways, and gardens, which were designed in line with the Buddhist ideals of peacefulness. The designs were influential in Japan and Korea as well.
[[File:Maotianshania-cylindrica.jpg	150px	alt=Fossil of a nematode worm]]	Yunnan	2012	1388; viii (natural)	The fossil site preserves the remains of organisms dating to the early Cambrian, 530 million years ago. This was the period of the rapid diversification of lifeforms. Almost all major groups of animals can trace their origins to this short geological interval. At least 16 phyla have been identified, including the oldest known fossil chordates. The Chengjiang biota illustrates complex food webs in a marine community, with sophisticated predators on top. A fossil of Maotianshania is pictured.
[[File:Yuan Shangdu.jpg	150px	alt=People walking on wooden paths around ruins of buildings in a grassy landscape]]	Inner Mongolia	2012	1389; ii, iii, iv, vi (cultural)	Xanadu was the first capital of Kublai Khan and then the summer capital of the Yuan dynasty in the 13th and 14th centuries. Abandoned in 1430 and today preserved as an archaeological site, it demonstrates the integration of Mongol and Han Chinese cultures, combining a Han city plan following the feng shui principles with gardens and landscapes that were essential to the nomadic Mongolian lifestyle. Xanadu was important in the spread of Tibetan Buddhism in north-east Asia.
[[File:Jengish Chokusu from BC.jpg	150px	alt=Tall snow-covered mountains with a small lake in front]]	Xinjiang	2013	1414; vii, ix (natural)	The Tian Shan mountain range is located between two desert regions, Dzungaria in the north and the Tarim Basin in the south. Contrasting the arid surroundings, the mountains have glaciers, forests, meadows, lakes, and rivers. The ecosystems have been preserved since the Pliocene epoch and demonstrate the ongoing biological and ecological evolutionary processes in the temperate zone. The mountains (Jengish Chokusu, the highest mountain of the range, pictured) reach above 7000 m and exhibit a succession of vegetation zones. The area is home to several relict and endangered species.
[[File:Terrace field yunnan china edit.jpg	150px	alt=Rice terraces on a mountain slope]]	Yunnan	2013	1111; iii, v (cultural)	On the mountain slopes along the Hong River, over the course of 1300 years, the Hani people have created a cultural landscape with terraces used to grow red rice, their main staple crop. They use a complex integrated system of farming and water management that relies on ducks, buffaloes, cattle, and fish to provide fertilizers to the plants. The Hani worship the nature, and their land management system is a manifestation of their "Man-God Unity social system".
[[File:Dayanta Gisela-Brantl 01.JPG	150px	alt=A large pagoda in sandy colour]]	Henan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Xinjiang	2014	1442; ii, iii, v, vi (cultural)	The Silk Road is an ancient network of trade routes that started forming in the 2nd century BCE and remained active until the 16th century. The roads connected societies of China, India, Central Asia, Western Asia, and the Near East. In addition to exchange of goods, they also contributed to the spread of technologies, ideologies, and religions, including Buddhism, Nestorian Christianity, Manichaeism, Zoroastrianism, and early Islam. Several towns and supporting infrastructure have been constructed along the routes. This World Heritage Site covers the corridors from Chang'an/Luoyang, the Han and Tang capitals of China, to the Zhetysu region of Central Asia, and is shared with Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. Of 33 sites on the roads listed, 19 are in China. The Giant Wild Goose Pagoda in Xi'an is pictured.
[[File:拱宸橋·浙江杭州·（航拍自東南往西北）.jpg	150px	alt=Stone bridge over a river canal]]	Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Henan	2014	1443; i, iii, iv, vi (cultural)	The Grand Canal is a vast network of artificial canals running from Beijing to Zhejiang and connecting China's five major river basins. The canal was constructed in stages, with the first ones dating to the 5th century BCE, and it got fully connected in the 7th century under the Sui dynasty. It formed the backbone of the imperial monopoly for the transport of grain and strategic raw materials, and allowed distribution of food across the country, as well as taxation and movement of the troops. Being the oldest and longest canal in the world, it demonstrates technological innovations with dams, dykes, and weirs, combined with the original use of natural materials. A total of 31 sites along the canal are listed. The Gongchen Bridge in Hangzhou is pictured.
[[File:海龙屯朝天关.jpg	150px	alt=A stone fortress on the slopes of a hill]]	Hunan, Hubei, Guizhou	2015	1474; ii, iii (cultural)	The tusi were hereditary rulers of the tribal areas in southwestern China, appointed by the central government between the 13th and 20th centuries. This way of ruling helped unifying the administration on the national level, while nevertheless allowing ethnic minorities to retain their customs and way of life. Three representative sites are listed: Laosicheng, Tangya Tusi Fortress, and Hailongtun (pictured).
[[File:Rock painting hua mountain 1.jpg	150px	alt=Rock paintings in red colour depicting human figures in ritual activities]]	Guangxi	2016	1508; iii, vi (cultural)	This site comprises three clusters of rock art dating from 5th to the 2nd century BCE. They were interpreted to be created by the Luoyue people of the bronze drum culture, once widespread in the region. Rock paintings depict different aspects of ritual and social life.
[[File:VM 5331 Muyu town north.jpg	150px	alt=Mountain landscape with forests and some houses]]	Hubei	2016	1509bis; ix, x (natural)	The area protects the largest primary forests remaining in central China and is exceptionally rich in biodiversity. Different types of forest, including evergreen broad-leaved forest, mixed evergreen, and deciduous broad-leaved forest, are home to several threatened animal species, including the Chinese giant salamander, clouded leopard, and golden snub-nosed monkey. A minor boundary modification of the site took place in 2021.
[[File:Hoh Xil.jpg	150px	alt=High altitude plateau with sparse vegetation and mountains in the background]]	Qinghai	2017	1540; vii, x (natural)	Hoh Xil is a part of the Tibetan Plateau, the largest and highest plateau in the world. At an elevation of 4500 m, the area experiences year-round low temperatures. Mountain and steppe ecosystems are home to several endemic animal and plant species. There are also hot springs, lakes, and glaciers. The plateau is an important migratory and calving area for the Tibetan antelope. Other large animals include the wild yak, kiang, and goa.
[[File:Gulangyu.jpg	150px	alt=A look from above at houses in Chinese and western styles]]	Fujian	2017	1541; ii, vi (cultural)	Kulangsu, an island off the commercial port of Xiamen, became the site of an international settlement, established in 1903. It played an important role in the cultural exchange between China and the West. This is reflected in the fusion of traditional Fujian architecture with the styles brought by the westerners and the returning Overseas Chinese. A particular style, called Amoy Deco, developed as a fusion of Art Deco and Modern architecture.
[[File:梵淨山紅雲金頂（新金頂）.jpg	150px	alt=Mountain range in clouds]]	Guizhou	2018	1559; x (natural)	Fanjingshan, part of the Wuling Mountains, is a metamorphic rock formation in an otherwise karst area. There are four vegetation zones on the mountain slopes, from evergreen broadleaf forest at lower elevations to mixed deciduous broadleaf and conifer and scrub forest above 2200 m. Located in the monsoon zone, the mountains are a source of water for the surroundings. The area is rich in plant species, especially in bryophytes and gymnosperms. Fanjingshan is the only habitat of the Fanjingshan fir and the gray snub-nosed monkey.
[[File:Liangzhu Ancient City Site, 2016-06-18 17.jpg	150px	alt=Archaeological site with remains of city walls under a modern protective roof]]	Zhejiang	2019	1592; iii, iv (cultural)	The archaeological site, located in the Yangtze Delta, comprises four areas with the remains of the Liangzhu culture, a late Neolithic culture based on rice agriculture dating to . It demonstrates the transition of small-scale societies to larger political entities with social stratification and complex rituals and crafts.
[[File:Spoon-billed sandpiper.jpg	150px	alt=A water bird with a long black beak]]	Hebei, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Shandong, Shanghai	2019	1606bis; x (natural)	The wetlands along the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea serve as crucial stopover, wintering, or breeding sites for birds migrating from the Arctic to South-East Asia and Australasia. Millions of birds migrate along this route annually, with more than 400 species recorded, including the endangered spoon-billed sandpiper (a specimen pictured) and Nordmann's greenshank. The serial site comprises 12 components with wetlands, mudflats, beaches, and marshes that were inscribed in two phases, in 2019 and 2024.
[[File:20230130 Old City of Quanzhou 01.jpg	frameless	150px	alt=A view from above at a city, including a pond with a pavilion]]	Fujian	2021	1561rev; iv (cultural)	Quanzhou was China's major port for foreign traders, who knew it as Zaiton, during the 11th through 14th centuries, under the Song and Yuan dynasties. The site comprises religious and administrative buildings, workshops for ceramics and iron objects, transport infrastructure such as bridges and docks, and pagodas that directed the voyagers. The 11th century Qingjing Mosque is one of the oldest Islamic buildings in China.
[[File:Soultea-Pu-erh-first-grade.jpg	150px	alt=Pu'er tea in leaves]]	Yunnan	2023	1665; iii, v (cultural)	Jingmai Mountain, developed since the 10th century by the Bulang and Dai people, is the primary production area of the Pu'er tea (pictured). Located in a favourable monsoon and mountain microclimate, there are old tea grows and plantations, together with traditional villages. Traditions and ceremonies of the villagers originate from the Tea Ancestor belief.
[[File:Bilutu Peak.JPG	150px	alt=Desert landscape with dunes and a small lake]]	Inner Mongolia	2024	1638; vii, viii (natural)	China's third largest desert features different types of dunes, including stable linear mega-dunes reaching up to 460 m. There are numerous inter-dunal lakes, mostly saline and home to worms, molluscs, crustaceans, and fish. The desert is also the world's largest expanse of singing sands, referring to the sound produced by the sand moved by the wind.
[[File:Central Axis of Beijing from Yongdingmenwai (20240812145818).jpg	150px	alt=A view at the city from above, including several historic buildings]]	Beijing	2024	1714, iii, vi (cultural)	The Central Axis is an ensemble of palaces, gardens, religious sites, and public buildings, running in the north–south direction in central Beijing. It was established under the Yuan dynasty in the 13th century, with further buildings added under the Ming and Qing dynasties. The layout follows the Confucian ideas as expressed in the ancient text Kaogongji (Book of Diverse Crafts), depicting an ideal capital.
[[File:Xixia.jpg	150px	alt=Ruins of a mausoleum in brick and stone in a desert area]]	Ningxia	2025	1736; ii, iii (cultural)	The Western Xia or the Tangut civilization existed from 1038 to 1227, when it was conquered by the Mongol Empire. The site comprises nine imperial mausolea, 254 smaller tombs, and an archaeological site with kiln sites. The mausolea and the unearthed funerary objects in them provide an insight into the culture of the Tangut society.

Tentative list

In addition to sites inscribed on the World Heritage List, member states can maintain a list of tentative sites that they may consider for nomination. Nominations for the World Heritage List are only accepted if the site was previously listed on the tentative list. China has 60 sites on its tentative list.

Site	Image	Location (prov. level)	Year listed	UNESCO criteria	Description	Dongzhai Port Nature Reserve	The Alligator Sinensis Nature Reserve	Poyang Nature Reserve	The Lijiang River Scenic Zone at Guilin	Yalong, Tibet	Yangtze Gorges Scenic Spot	Jinfushan Scenic Spot
[[File:Dongzhai_Harbour_Mangrove_Forest.jpg	150px	alt=Landscape with mangroves]]	Hainan	1996	(natural)	The nature reserve protects more than 50 km of coast with mangrove forests, some of which were planted after the 1980s in a reforestation initiative. The forests are important habitat for birds, fish, amphibians, molluscs, and crustaceans.
[[File:China-Alligator.jpg	frameless	150px	alt=A Chinese alligator on the ground]]	Anhui	1996	(natural)	The nature reserve protects the endangered Chinese alligator (a specimen pictured). In addition to protected areas with lakes and rivers where the alligators live, there is also a research centre running a successful breeding program. At the time of nomination, there were around a thousand alligators living in the nature reserve.
[[File:Birds_on_Poyang_Lake_(15273717673).jpg	frameless	150px	alt=]]	Jiangxi	1996	(natural)	Poyang Lake is China's largest freshwater lake. It substantially changes in size between the dry and wet seasons. It is rich in fish and mollusc species and is an important habitat or migration stop for birds. Around 150 bird species have been registered at the lake, including the Siberian crane, white-naped crane, hooded crane, and black stork.
[[File:RMB20dollarbackscene.jpg	150px	alt=Karst cones and a river in front]]	Guangxi	1996	(natural)	This nomination centred on the karst landforms in the Guilin area. In 2014, the area was listed as a component in an extension of the South China Karst site.
[[File:YumbuLhakhang.jpg	150px	alt=A palace in white stone with a yellow top overlooking a barren valley]]	Tibet	2001	(mixed)	The Yarlung Valley is the cradle of the Tibetan culture. The remains of a Neolithic village indicate people settled here ten millennia ago. The Yungbulakang Palace (pictured) was constructed in the 2nd century BCE as Tibet's first royal palace. There are palaces, temples, and shrines from different periods. From the natural point of view, the Yarlung Tsangpo river has carved a deep canyon through the Himalayas, exposing different geological layers.
[[File:Qutang_Gorge_on_Changjiang.jpg	150px	alt=A river gorge with steep walls]]	Hubei, Chongqing	2001	(mixed)	The Three Gorges on the Yangtze River have been renowned for their scenic beauty for centuries and has inspired numerous poets, writers, and painters. Archeological excavations uncovered Neolithic artifacts, including pottery, and there are burial sites from the Han dynasty. From the natural point of view, the gorges expose different geologic strata, there are numerous karst landforms, and the area is home to threatened species such as the Yangtze finless porpoise, Chinese pangolin, Chinese giant salamander, and golden snub-nosed monkey.
[[File:Mount._Jinfo_1.JPG	150px	alt=Karst landscape with mountains with cliffs and a forest]]	Chongqing	2001	vii, viii, ix (natural)	Mount Jinfo has large cliffs and numerous karst cave systems. As it was not covered by glaciers during the Quaternary glaciation, the area served as a refugium for ancient plant species, including the threatened Cathaya and dawn redwood. In 2014, the area was listed as a component in an extension of the South China Karst site.
[[File:Xiaozhaitiankeng.jpg	150px	alt=A large sinkhole in a mountain area]]	Chongqing	2001	vii, viii, ix (natural)	The Heaven Pit (pictured) is a large sinkhole. It is connected to an underground karst river system. The area is home to threatened plant species, such as the dawn redwood. The caves are home to a diverse troglofauna, including species of fish, crickets, and amphibians.
[[File:1_mount_hua_shan_china_2011.jpg	150px	alt=Mountain peaks partially covered by trees and some tourists]]	Shaanxi	2001	(mixed)	Mount Hua is one of the Five Great Mountains of Taoism, with worship ongoing since the times of the Han dynasty. There are numerous temples, tablets, and rock inscriptions from different periods. The mountain itself is a large granite formation with many scenic spots. There are around 1,200 species of plants on the mountain, including some endemic or endangered, and there are several ancient trees.
[[File:China2011_Zhejiang_YandangShan.jpg	150px	alt=Mountain scenery with stone pillar formations]]	Zhejiang	2001	(mixed)	Yandang Mountains formed during volcanic eruptions in the Cretaceous. The resulting caldera exposes different geologic structures. The area is rich in plant species, including some endemic. The natural beauty of the mountains, with rock formations, cliffs, rivers, ponds, and waterfalls, have inspired poets and artists at least since the Tang dynasty. There are temples and stone inscriptions left by travelers.
[[File:楠溪江最美丽的一段 - The Most Beautiful Section of Nanxi River - 2010.04 - panoramio.jpg	150px	alt=River with rock formations]]	Zhejiang	2001	(mixed)	The river crosses a landscape with rocks such as tuff, rhyolite, and granite. The monsoon climate is influenced by the maritime climate due to the proximity to the sea. The area is home to the Chinese sweet gum and ginkgo trees.
[[File:Majishan_entire_hill_20090226.jpg	150px	alt=Wooden stairs up a cliff side leading to grottoes in the wall]]	Gansu	2001	(mixed)	Buddhist grottoes were first constructed in the cliffs of Maijishan during the time of the Later Qin and work continued until the Qing dynasty. The grottoes contain murals and clay sculptures. The area is on the meeting point of the floristic regions of North and South China and is thus rich in plant species. In 2014, the grottoes were listed as a component of the World Heritage Site Silk Roads: the Routes Network of Chang'an-Tianshan Corridor.
[[File:Hornito in Wudalianchi 1, Aug 2019.jpg	150px	alt=Volcanic landscape with lava flows and a lake in the background]]	Heilongjiang	2001	viii, ix (natural)	Wudalianchi was the site of volcanic eruptions in 1719–1721. There are numerous volcanic landforms, including volcanogenic lakes, volcanic cones, lava flows, lava tubes, volcanic bombs, and mineral springs.
[[File:Pingtan_Beach_-_panoramio.jpg	150px	alt=Panorama of a town at a sandy beach, surrounded by green vegetation]]	Fujian	2001	(mixed)	The landscape of the Pingtan Island was shaped by the combination of volcanic activity and erosion, resulting in different types of rock formations. There are sandy beaches, lush green forests, and a freshwater lake.
[[File:South_Jade_Cloud_Road.JPG	150px	alt=Steep cliffs overlooking hills covered in forest]]	Yunnan	2001	(mixed)	The area has numerous scenic spots and is rich in plant species. People settled here already during the Neolithic and Dali City was the capital of the kingdoms of the Bai people, including the kingdom of Nanzhao and Dali Kingdom. Present communities still maintain their distinct traditions.
[[File:水井街酒坊遗址照片.JPG	150px	alt=Archaeological site protected by a rood]]	Hebei, Jiangxi, Sichuan	2008	iii, iv, vi (cultural)	This nomination comprises five archaeological sites related to liquor production in China. The oldest excavated site is the Lidu Workshop, which has 11 layers spanning from the Song dynasty period to modern times. Findings at these sites demonstrate different stages of liquor production, with preparation of raw materials, fermentation, distillation, and brewing. The site at Shuijingjie is pictured.
[[File:Dangjiacun.JPG	150px	alt=Look from above at a traditional village, with a pagoda in the background]]	Shanxi, Shaanxi	2008	Cultural: ii, iii, iv	Dingcun and Dangjiacun (pictured) are traditional villages dating to the Ming and Qing dynasties. Dingcun has 40 preserved private residential houses which feature wood carving decorations. People of Dangjiacun got rich from trade. More than a hundred private residences and public buildings have been preserved.
[[File:City_wall_of_Xi'an_51550-Xian_(27959363326).jpg	150px	alt=City walls with two prominent towers, partially obscured by trees]]	Shaanxi, Hubei, Jiangsu, Liaoning	2008	iii, iv (cultural)	This nomination comprises defensive city walls in four cities: the fortifications of Xi'an (pictured), the City Wall of Nanjing, and the city walls of Jingzhou and Xingcheng. The brick and stone walls were constructed during the Ming and Qing dynasties. Apart from occasional reconstructions, they are well preserved and demonstrate the evolution of fortification architecture in China.
[[File:Five_Pavilion_Bridge_and_White_Pagoda_2017.jpg	150px	alt=Boat on a lake with pavilions and a bridges on the shore]]	Jiangsu	2008	iii, iv, v (cultural)	Yangzhou was a rich city due to its role in salt production and trade. There are well-preserved historic houses, temples, palaces, and gardens. The Slender West Lake was formed during the Qing dynasty by joining the moats around the city from previous periods. It is an example of a traditional Chinese public tourist destination.
[[File:Zhouzhuang_2.jpg	150px	alt=Traditional houses along a canal with several boats]]	Zhejiang, Jiangsu	2008	ii, iv, v (cultural)	These four towns, Zhouzhuang (pictured), Luzhi, Wuzhen, and Xitang, are representative of the traditional towns that developed along the watercourses in the 11th century and thrived from the 13th century on. Traditional houses and bridges have been preserved. People practiced handcrafts, trade, fishing, and agriculture in the fertile lands around the towns.
[[File:Summer_Vacation_2007,_263,_Watchtower_In_The_Morning_Light,_Dunhuang,_Gansu_Province.jpg	150px	alt=Ruins of a watchtower in a desert setting]]	Shaanxi, Gansu, Xinjiang, Zhejiang, Fujian	2008	i, ii, iii, iv, v, vi (cultural)	url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5335/	title=Chinese Section of the Silk Road: Land routes in Henan Province, Shaanxi Province, Gansu Province, Qinghai Province, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region; Sea Routes in Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province and Quanzhou City, Fujian Province - from Western-Han Dynasty to Qing Dynasty	publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre	access-date=22 February 2025	archive-date=11 June 2008	archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080611133704/https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5335/	url-status=live }}
[[File:Fenghuang_Ancient_Town.jpg	150px	alt=Traditional houses at a river and people crossing on two bridges made of stones]]	Hunan	2008	i, ii, iii, iv (cultural)	Fenghuang is located in a river and mountain setting. Traditional architecture dates from the Ming and Qing dynasties, expressing a strong regional character. The city is home to a sizeable Miao community.
[[File:Jade_Burial_Suit_of_Zhao_Mo,_King_of_Nanyue.jpg	150px	alt=A museum display of a jade burial suite]]	Guangdong	2008	ii, iii (cultural)	Southern Yue was a vassal state of the Han dynasty, with the capital in today's Guangzhou. It existed from 203 to 111 BCE. This nomination comprises the tomb of the king Zhao Mo (his jade burial suit in a museum pictured), the remains of a palace, and the remains of a wooden water gate. Archaeological finds on these sites demonstrate the interaction between the regional and Han cultures.
[[File:白鹤梁石鱼.jpg	150px	alt=A stone fish carving in a museum]]	Chongqing	2008	iii, iv (cultural)	Baiheliang is a ridge that was used to monitor the water levels of the Yangtze, starting in 763 under the Tang dynasty. People carved stone fish sculptures (a museum exhibit pictured) to record the lowest water level of the season, and also carved names and poems. The site was submerged following the construction of the Three Gorges Dam.
[[File:Xijiang_Qianhu_Miaozhai.Skyline.jpg	150px	alt=A town with traditional houses on the slopes of both sides of a small stream]]	Guizhou	2008	i, iv, v, vi (cultural)	This nomination comprises four areas with 21 traditional towns and villages of the Miao people. They demonstrate traditional architecture, as well as rich distinct cultural practices. Xijiang in Leishan County is pictured.
[[File:Turpan-karez-museo-d02.jpg	150px	alt=A look in an underground tunnel for water with a wooden walking path]]	Xinjiang	2008	i, iv, v (culture)	Karez, or qanat, is a traditional type of a water supply network comprising open and underground channels for water, reservoirs, and wells. There are more than 1,400 karez wells in the Turpan area, where they supply water for irrigation. The oases also supported traveling merchants crossing the desert region.
[[File:Liu_Wang_animals.jpg	150px	alt=A paved path lined with stone sculptures of animals, as a component of a royal tomb]]	Henan	2008	ii, iii, iv, vi (cultural)	This is a proposed extension to the site Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The tomb of King Lujian, a feudal prince under his brother, the Wanli Emperor of the Ming dynasty, was completed in 1615. It is located in Xinxiang and is larger than comparable royal tombs of the period. It was renovated in the late 20th century after being used for other purposes, and is now protected as a museum.
[[File:The Songshan Buddhist Academy Lied in Mount Song.jpg	150px	alt=A temple on the slopes of a mountain]]	Shanxi, Shaanxi, Henan, Hunan	2008	i, ii, iii, iv, vi, vii, viii (mixed)	Mount Tai has been listed as a World Heritage Site since 1987, as one of the five Sacred Mountains of China. This nomination proposes an expansion with the other four mountains, Mount Hua, Southern Mount Heng, Northern Mount Heng, and Mount Song (pictured). These mountains have been places of worship for at least three millennia and have numerous temples, inscriptions, and traditions associated with them. They also exhibit various types of flora and fauna as they are located in different climate zones.
[[File:Taklamakan desert.jpg	150px	alt=Desert dunes]]	Xinjiang	2010	viii, ix, x (natural)	Taklamakan Desert is a warm temperate desert with sand dunes. It is an endorheic basin and the Tarim River empties in the Lop Nur lake. Populus euphratica forests grow along the river. Adjusted to sparse water resources by having deep roots, these forests support local food webs, serve as migration channels for migratory birds, and protect the landscape against desertification.
[[File:LakeKanas.jpg	150px	alt=Mountain lake surrounded by coniferous forest]]	Xinjiang	2010	vii, viii, ix (natural)	This nomination comprises two protected areas in the Chinese part of the Altai Mountains, the Kanas National Nature Reserve (pictured) and the Two Rivers' Headwaters Nature Reserve. The mountains have over 200 glaciers and numerous glacial landforms, such as cirques, nunataks, moraines, and boulders. The receding of the glaciers after the Quaternary glaciation is well documented. The area is the southernmost point of the distribution of Siberian flora and fauna.
[[File:Tashkurgan River Delta Meadow.jpg	150px	alt=Mountain valley with some yurts]]	Xinjiang	2010	viii, x (natural)	The two mountain ranges were created in an ongoing process of the Indian Plate thrusting into the Eurasian Plate and demonstrate a wide variety of geological processes related to mountain formation. There are thousands of glaciers with related glacial landforms. The area is home to rare and endangered animals, such as the kiang, argali, and snow leopard. This nomination comprises two nature reserves, Tashkurghan National Nature Reserve (pictured) and Pamir Wetlands National Nature Reserve.
[[File:Pagoda_of_Fogong_Temple_at_Dust.jpg	150px	alt=A multi-storey wooden pagoda with houses in the background]]	Shanxi, Liaoning	2013	i, iii, iv (cultural)	This nomination comprises two buildings from the Liao dynasty from the 11th century. The Wooden Pagoda (pictured) is the oldest and tallest surviving wooden multi-storey building in the world and is an outstanding architectural and engineering achievement. The Main Hall of the Fengguo Monastery is the biggest wooden structure with one tier of eaves. It has beautiful Buddhist sculptures and painted walls.
[[File:Neolithic_jade_dragon,_Hongshan_Culture,_Inner_Mongolia,_1971.jpg	150px	alt=A C-shaped jade object with a dragon head]]	Liaoning, Inner Mongolia	2013	i, iii, iv (cultural)	This nomination comprises three archaeological sites of the Hongshan culture, a Neolithic culture dating circa 5-6 millennia ago. Compared to the earlier cultures of the area, the Hongshan society was more populous, the technological level increased, and a new social class, related to sacrificial activities, appeared. They practiced farming, fishing, and hunter-gathering. Remains include altars, stone mounds, burial sites, tools, and finely carved jade objects (a museum exhibit pictured).
[[File:Yue-Kiln_sites_at_Shanglin_Lake,_2014-11-23_05.jpg	150px	alt=A traditional kiln surrounded by trees]]	Zhejiang	2013	ii, iii, iv (cultural)	This nomination comprises traditional kiln sites of China from the 1st to the 17th century, including the Shanglin Lake Yue Kilns (pictured) and Longquan as the most important ones. These sites have the longest history of porcelain making, especially celadon, and the production was on the largest scale. Chinese ceramics were highly influential in the development of porcelain industries worldwide.
[[File:东百中心A馆10楼瞭望台西三坊七巷.jpg	150px	alt=A look at a group of traditional houses from above]]	Fujian	2013	iii, iv (cultural)	Sanfang Qixiang, a historic quarter in the city of Fuzhou, is an example of a residential ward for Chinese literati, city officials, and wealthy gentry. The urban layout has remained the same since at least the times of the Tang dynasty over a thousand years ago while the current buildings date to the Ming and Qing dynasties.
[[File:Chengyangqiao,_Guangxi,_China.jpg	150px	alt=A wooden roofed bridge over a river]]	Hunan, Guangxi	2013	iii, iv, v (cultural)	The Dong people are an ethnic minority that live in southwest China. This nomination comprises 22 representative villages. Typical features are multi-storied wooden stilt houses, covered bridges, and unique drum towers. The Chengyang Bridge in Sanjiang Dong Autonomous County is pictured.
[[File:Lingqu_Canal.jpg	150px	alt=River canal with trees on the banks]]	Guangxi	2013	i, iv, vi	The 36.4 km long canal to connect the river basins of the Yangtze and the Pearl River Delta was commissioned by the first Chinese emperor, Qin Shi Huang, and was completed in 214 BCE. It served as a key transport route for the next two millennia, until the completion of a modern railway system. The canal had an important role in controlling of newly conquered territories by the Qin dynasty and is an important example of hydraulic engineering of the period.
[[File:Danba_diaolou.jpg	150px	alt=Village with tall watchtowers on a mountain slope with trees]]	Sichuan	2013	i, ii, iii, iv, v (cultural)	The villages of the Tibetan and Qiang people feature high watchtowers, the diaolou. These stone or sometimes adobe constructions are up to 60 m tall. The oldest date to the time of the Tang dynasty. The towers also functioned as residences and as a display of wealth. The villages are often surrounded by sacred forests or mountains. A village in Danba County is pictured.
[[File:Archaeological_Site_of_Jinsha.jpg	150px	alt=Archaeological site under a protective roof]]	Sichuan	2013	i, ii, iii, v (cultural)	Shu was a Bronze Age kingdom on the Chengdu Plain. It had a distinct and highly developed culture. In 316 BCE, it was conquered by the Qin state. This nomination comprises three archaeological sites related to the Shu culture: Jinsha (pictured), the joint tombs of boat-shaped coffins, and Sanxingdui.
[[File:Yardangs in the Tsaidam Desert.jpg	150px	alt=Three large rock formations peaking out of desert landscape]]	Xinjiang	2015	vii, viii (natural)	A yardang is a landform that is created when a bedrock protuberance is exposed to weathering, runoff, and wind erosion. This results in typically elongated ridges which sometimes have curious shapes. This nomination comprises yardangs in the Qaidam Basin. They demonstrate different stages of yardang evolution, from early stages to eventual collapse.
[[File:Dunhuang_Yardang_National_Geopark_2.JPG	150px	alt=Yardang rock formations in a desert, a road crossing the area]]	Gansu	2015	vii, viii (natural)	Dunhuang is another site with a prominent collection of yardangs, desert rock formations shaped by erosion. Groups of yardangs resemble ships sailing across a desert sea. The area is also an important habitat for the wild Bactrian camel.
[[File:Tianzhushan.JPG	150px	alt=A granite mountain peak with interesting shapes]]	Anhui	2015	ii, iii, v, vi, vii, viii (mixed)	Mount Tianzhu is a granite mountain with numerous rock formations renowned for their natural beauty. The area is important in the scientific studies of metamorphic rocks and there are fossil sites known for Paleocene mammals. There are also archaeological sites of the Neolithic Xuejiagang culture with remains of pottery and tools. The Cliffside stone has rock inscriptions spanning 1,200 years, with the first dating to the Tang dynasty.
[[File:革命圣地井冈山啊.JPG	150px	alt=]]	Jiangxi, Hunan	2015	iii, vi, vii, x (mixed)	This is a proposed extension to the site Mount Wuyi, listed in 1999. It comprises an area in the Jinggang Mountains (pictured) and North Wuyishan, which are important in view of natural values, as habitats for numerous relict animal and plant species. There are also several historic sites related to the Neo-Confucianist schools and archaeological sites related to cultures that lived here in the 1st century BCE.
[[File:Jianmenguan.JPG	150px	alt=Tower on a mountain pass with trees around]]	Sichuan	2015	ii, iii, iv, vi, vii, x (mixed)	ShuDao is an ancient system of roads connecting the civilizations of the Yangtze and the Yellow River via the mountains of the northern Sichuan. It was first established in the 4th century BCE and was important in major historical events, including unification wars under the Qin dynasty and population migrations. There are numerous historic towns, temples, and sacred Chinese cypress trees. From the natural perspective, the area features numerous karst and danxia landforms and is home to endangered species such as the giant panda, red panda, and takin. Jianmen Pass is pictured.
[[File:Tsaparang-ruins of ancient capital of Guge Kingdom 03.JPG	150px	alt=Earthen buildings on the slope of a hill with tulin landforms]]	Tibet	2015	ii, iii, v, vi, vii, viii (mixed)	Guge was a kingdom that existed between the 10th and 17th centuries in Tibet. They were influential in the spread of Buddhism and were skilled in gold, silver, and pottery manufacture. They traded with several Eurasian countries. The area is notable for its tulin landforms, which are clay formations that take the shape of pillars. There are also mammal fossil sites. Tsaparang, the Guge capital, is pictured.
	Shanxi	2017	vii, ix (natural)	The area, an extension of the Lüliang Mountains, is rich in biodiversity. There is a large pristine Prince Rupprecht's larch forest with Picea meyeri spruces. In the mountains, there are meadows and subalpine bushes with tundra at higher elevations. Animals that live in the area include the brown eared pheasant, grey-sided thrush, and Amur leopard.
[[File:HulunLake2.jpg	150px	alt=Landscape with lake and clouds]]	Inner Mongolia	2017	iii, vii, ix, x (mixed)	This nomination comprises six reserves (Hulun Lake pictured) with forests, grasslands, and wetlands. The wetlands are important stops for migratory birds, including five species of cranes. Other animals that live in the area include the sable, brown bear, and Eurasian lynx. There are archaeological sites, related to the Donghu people. They include tombs, ancient cities, and defensive structures.
[[File:Qinghai_Lake_May_2006.jpg	150px	alt=Lake with some boats and a mountain in the background]]	Qinghai	2017	vii, ix, x (natural)	Qinghai Lake is a large endorheic salt lake that supports a surrounding wetland ecosystem, important for nesting and migratory water birds. The area around the lake is the only habitat of the endangered Przewalski's gazelle. The only fish in the lake is the Przewalskii's naked carp which migrates to inflow streams to spawn.
[[File:Kailash north.JPG	150px	alt=Mount Kailash, partially covered by snow]]	Tibet	2017	iii, v, vi, vii, viii, x (mixed)	The mountain landscape, with prominent features including Mount Kailash (pictured), Naimona'nyi, Lake Manasarovar, and Lhanag-tso, is sacred in Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Bon religions. The area was the cradle of the Zhangzhung civilization. Religious ceremonies date back at least to 1000 BCE. Circumambulation of Mount Kailash on foot is still an important religious ceremony. From the natural point of view, the area is important in view of documenting effects of plate tectonics that created the Himalayas, numerous glaciers, Cenozoic fossil sites, and biodiversity.
[[File:TaihangMountain8.jpg	150px	alt=Mountain scenery]]	Hebei, Shanxi, Henan	2017	iii, vii, viii, x (mixed)	Taihang Mountains, part of the Loess Plateau, have different land formations, including gorges, caves, and waterfalls. There are geological layers spanning from the Archean eon to Cenozoic, with important fossil finds. Furthermore, there are archaeological sites related to early humans that were present in the area up to 2 million years ago. Animals that live in the area include the black stork and golden eagle.
[[File:Baitou Mountain Tianchi.jpg	150px	alt=Caldera lake at a high elevation]]	Jillin	2017	vii, viii, ix, x (natural)	The mountain is a dormant volcano with a crater lake, Heaven Lake (pictured). Vegetation zones along the mountain slopes support diverse plant communities characteristic of temperate forests at lower elevations to those similar to the Arctic on the top. The mountains feature volcanic, glacial, and karst landforms.
[[File:Xinpusaurus-Tianjin_Natural_History_Museum.jpg	150px	alt=Museum display of a fossil of a marine reptile]]	Guizhou	2019	viii (natural)	Four fossil sites comprised in this nomination provide an insight into the evolution of marine life during the Triassic period, following the Permian–Triassic extinction event. Terrestrial reptiles transitioned to life in the oceans, giving rise to groups such as ichthyosaurs and earliest turtles. A museum display of a Xinpusaurus fossil is pictured.
[[File:HuangguoshuFall.jpg	150px	alt=A large waterfall surrounded by lush vegetation]]	Guizhou	2019	v, vii, viii (mixed)	The karst landscape was shaped through centuries by the Bouyei and Miao people, in interaction with the Han Chinese. There are ancient villages, remains of military camps, and bridges. Natural features include karst formations and the large Huangguoshu Waterfall (pictured).
[[File:五指山_-_panoramio.jpg	150px	alt=Mountain covered in forest]]	Hainan	2022	iii, v, x (mixed)	The Hainan Island is rich in plant species and home to the endangered and endemic Hainan black-crested gibbon, as well as several endemic bird species. The Hlai people, or Li, that live on the island have developed a culture that is constantly adapting to life in a tropical setting. However, traditional villages are today endangered because of rapid development and globalization.
[[File:Landscape_in_Minqing_from_Hengfeng-Fuzhou_Railway.jpg	150px	alt=River with a fish farm]]	Fujian	2022	x (nautral)	The area comprises different habitats such as mangroves, salt marshes, sea, and a river estuary. There are over 100 species of fish and the area is important for migratory birds.
[[File:Molaire_de_Platybelodon_grangeri.jpg	150px	alt=Fossil tooth of an ancient elephant relative]]	Gansu	2024	viii (natural)	This nomination comprises five fossil sites in Hezheng County. They are rich with mammal, bird, and reptile fossils from the period from 30 to 2 million years ago. Genera identified in these sites include Hipparion, Coelodonta, and Platybelodon (a molar pictured), related to modern-day horses, rhinoceroses, and elephants, respectively.
	Guizhou	2025	vii, viii (natural)	This cave is the longest in Asia and the third longest in the world. A plethora of natural processes has formed the complex and at times unpredictable shape of Shaunghe Cave, reflecting the different stages of Earth's history. Almost all types of carbonate and sulfate deposits can be found here. Furthermore, the cave is the site of numerous well-preserved fossils.
[[File:Flickr image 29851221553.jpg	alt=Rock hills with red and white stripes	150x150px]]	Gansu	2025	vii, viii (natural)	These hills exhibit a striped pattern as the result of folding of different rock layers that formed due to complex tectonic processes. As the consequence of their low resistance to weathering, the hills are rounded and relatively low. In addition to their aesthetic beauty, Zhangye Hills also demonstrate the geologic conditions and dynamics of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras.

References

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"Historic Centre of Macao". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
"Yin Xu". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
"Sichuan Giant Panda Sanctuaries - Wolong, Mt Siguniang and Jiajin Mountains". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
"Kaiping Diaolou and Villages". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
"South China Karst". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
"Fujian Tulou". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
"Mount Sanqingshan National Park". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
"Mount Wutai". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
"Historic Monuments of Dengfeng in "The Centre of Heaven and Earth"". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
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"West Lake Cultural Landscape of Hangzhou". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
"Chengjiang Fossil Site". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
"Site of Xanadu". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
"Xinjiang Tianshan". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
"Cultural Landscape of Honghe Hani Rice Terraces". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
"Silk Roads: the Routes Network of Chang'an-Tianshan Corridor". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
"The Grand Canal". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
"Tusi Sites". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
"Zuojiang Huashan Rock Art Cultural Landscape". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
"Hubei Shennongjia". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
"Qinghai Hoh Xil". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
"Kulangsu, a Historic International Settlement". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
"Fanjingshan". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
"Archaeological ruins of Liangzhu City". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
"Migratory Bird Sanctuaries along the Coast of Yellow Sea-Bohai Gulf of China". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
"Quanzhou: Emporium of the World in Song-Yuan China". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
"Cultural Landscape of Old Tea Forests of the Jingmai Mountain in Pu'er". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
"Badain Jaran Desert - Towers of Sand and Lakes". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
"Beijing Central Axis: A Building Ensemble Exhibiting the Ideal Order of the Chinese Capital". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
"Western Xia Imperial Tombs". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
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"Dongzhai Port Nature Reserve". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
"The Alligator Sinensis Nature Reserve". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
"Poyang Nature Reserve". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
"Lijiang River Scenic Zone at Guilin". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
"Yalong, Tibet". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
"Yangtze Gorges Scenic Spot". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
"Jinfushan Scenic Spot". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
"Heaven Pit and Ground Seam Scenic Spot". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
"Hua Shan Scenic Area". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
"Yandang Mountain". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
"Nanxi River". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
"Maijishan Scenic Spots". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
"Wudalianchi Scenic Spots". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
"Haitan Scenic Spots". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
"Dali Chanshan Mountain and Erhai Lake Scenic Spot". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
"Sites for Liquor Making in China". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
"Ancient Residences in Shanxi and Shaanxi Provinces". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
"City Walls of the Ming and Qing Dynasties". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
"Slender West Lake and Historic Urban Area in Yangzhou". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
"The Ancient Waterfront Towns in the South of Yangtze River". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
"Chinese Section of the Silk Road: Land routes in Henan Province, Shaanxi Province, Gansu Province, Qinghai Province, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region; Sea Routes in Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province and Quanzhou City, Fujian Province - from Western-Han Dynasty to Qing Dynasty". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
"Fenghuang Ancient City". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
"Sites of the Southern Yue State". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
"Baiheliang Ancient Hydrological Inscription". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
"Miao Nationality Villages in Southeast Guizhou Province: The villages of Miao Nationality at the Foot of Leigong Mountain in Miao Ling Mountains". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
"Karez Wells". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
"Expansion Project of Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties: King Lujian's Tombs". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
"The Four Sacred Mountains as an Extension of Mt. Taishan". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
"Taklimakan Desert—Populus euphratica Forests". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
"China Altay". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
"Karakorum-Pamir". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
"Wooden Structures of Liao Dynasty—Wooden Pagoda of Yingxian County, Main Hall of Fengguo Monastery of Yixian County". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
"Sites of Hongshan Culture: The Niuheliang Archaeological Site, the Hongshanhou Archaeological Site, and Weijiawopu Archaeological Site". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
"Ancient Porcelain Kiln Site in China".
"SanFangQiXiang". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
"Dong Villages". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
"Lingqu Canal". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
"Diaolou Buildings and Villages for Tibetan and Qiang Ethnic Groups". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
"Archaeological Sites of the Ancient Shu State: Site at Jinsha and Joint Tombs of Boat-shaped Coffins in Chengdu City, Sichuan Province; Site of Sanxingdui in Guanghan City, Sichuan Province 29C.BC-5C.BC". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
"Xinjiang Yardang". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
"Dunhuang Yardangs". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
"Tianzhushan". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
"Jinggangshan--North Wuyishan (Extension of Mount Wuyi)". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
"ShuDao". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
"Tulin-Guge Scenic and Historic Interest Areas". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
"Guancen Mountain – Luya Mountain". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
"Hulun Buir Landscape & Birthplace of Ancient Minority". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
"Qinghai Lake". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
"Scenic and historic area of Sacred Mountains and Lakes". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
"Taihang Mountain". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
"Vertical Vegetation Landscape and Volcanic Landscape in Changbai Mountain". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
"Guizhou Triassic Fossil Sites". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
"Huangguoshu Scenic Area". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
"Hainan Tropical Rainforest and the Traditional Settlement of Li Ethnic Group". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
"Fujian Minjiang River Estuary: The ecotone between marine and terrestrial biogeographical regions". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
"Hezheng Mammalian Fossil Sites of Gansu". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
"Guizhou Shuanghe Cave". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
"Zhangye Colorful Hills". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.

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