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List of World Heritage in Danger
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The List of World Heritage in Danger is compiled by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) through the World Heritage Committee according to Article 11.4 of the World Heritage Convention,Full title: Convention concerning the protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage established in 1972 to designate and manage World Heritage Sites. Entries in the list are threatened World Heritage Sites whose conservation requires major operations and for which "assistance has been requested". The list is intended to increase international awareness of the threats and to encourage counteractive measures. Threats to a site can be either proven imminent threats or potential dangers to a site.
For natural sites, ascertained dangers include the serious decline in the population of an endangered or other valuable species or the deterioration of natural beauty or scientific value of a property caused by human activities such as logging, pollution, settlement, mining, agriculture or major public works. For cultural properties, they include serious deterioration of materials, structure, ornaments or architectural coherence and the loss of historical authenticity or cultural significance. Potential dangers for both cultural and natural sites include development projects, armed conflicts, insufficient management systems or changes in the legal protective status of the properties. For cultural sites, gradual changes due to geology, climate or environment can also be potential dangers.
Before a property is inscribed on the List of World Heritage in Danger, its condition is assessed and a potential programme for corrective measures is developed in cooperation with the State Party involved. The final decision about inscription is made by the committee. Financial support from the World Heritage Fund may be allocated by the committee for listed properties. The state of conservation is reviewed yearly, after which the committee may request additional measures, delete the property from the list if the threats have ceased or consider deletion from both the List of World Heritage in Danger and the World Heritage List. Of the three former UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the Dresden Elbe Valley and the Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City were delisted after placement on the List of World Heritage in Danger while the Arabian Oryx Sanctuary was directly delisted. Some sites have been designated as World Heritage Sites and World Heritage in Danger in the same year, such as the Church of the Nativity, traditionally considered to be the birthplace of Jesus.
In some cases, danger listing has sparked conservation efforts and prompted the release of funds, benefitting sites such as the Galápagos Islands and Yellowstone National Park, both later removed from the List of World Heritage in Danger. Despite this, the list itself and UNESCO's implementation of it have been the focus of criticism. In particular, States Parties and other stakeholders of World Heritage Sites have questioned the authority of the committee to declare a site in danger without their consent. Until 1992, when UNESCO set a precedent by placing several sites on the danger list against their wishes, States Parties would have submitted a programme of corrective measures before a site could be listed. Instead of being used as intended, the List of World Heritage in Danger is perceived by some states as a black list and according to Christina Cameron, Professor at the School of Architecture, Canada Research Chair on Built Heritage, University of Montreal, has been used as political tool to get the attention of States Parties. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) notes that UNESCO has referenced the List of World Heritage in Danger (without actually listing the site) in a number of cases where the threat could be easily addressed by the State Party. The Union also argues that long keeping a site listed as endangered is questionable and that other mechanisms for conservation should be sought in these cases.
, there are 53 entries (14 natural, 39 cultural) on the List of World Heritage in Danger. Arranged by the UNESCO regions, 22 of the listed sites are in the Arab States, 12 in Africa, six in Latin America and the Caribbean, six in Asia and the Pacific, and seven in Europe and North America. The majority of the endangered natural sites (9) are in Africa. The list encompasses sites that have been identified as facing threats to their integrity, which could stem from natural disasters, armed conflict, neglect, pollution, unsustainable tourism, or other dangers. Among the sites, the impacts of armed conflict are evident in countries like Syria, with several sites, including the Ancient City of Aleppo and the Ancient Villages of Northern Syria, endangered due to the Syrian Civil War. In Africa, the Democratic Republic of the Congo sees multiple listings due to threats like military conflict and environmental degradation affecting its national parks.
Current list
| Site | Image | Location | Year listed | Years endangered | UNESCO data | Description | Air and Ténéré Natural Reserves | Ancient City of Aleppo | Ancient City of Bosra | Ancient City of Damascus | Ancient Villages of Northern Syria | Archaeological Site of Cyrene | Archaeological Site of Leptis Magna | Archaeological Site of Sabratha | Ashur (Qal'at Sherqat) | Chan Chan Archaeological Zone | City of Potosí | Coro and its Port | Crac des Chevaliers and Qal'at Salah El-Din | Cultural Landscape and Archaeological Remains of the Bamiyan Valley | East Rennell | Everglades National Park | Fortifications on the Caribbean Side of Panama: Portobelo-San Lorenzo | Garamba National Park | Hatra | Hebron/Al-Khalil Old Town | Historic Centre of Odesa | Kyiv: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv Pechersk Lavra | L'viv – the Ensemble of the Historic Centre | Historic Centre of Shakhrisyabz | Historic Centre of Vienna | Historic Town of Zabīd | Islands and Protected Areas of the Gulf of California | Kahuzi-Biega National Park | Lake Turkana National Parks | Landmarks of Ancient Kingdom of Saba | Manovo-Gounda St Floris National Park | Minaret and Archaeological Remains of Jam | Medieval Monuments in Kosovo | Mount Nimba Strict Nature Reserve | Nan Madol: Ceremonial Centre of Eastern Micronesia | Okapi Wildlife Reserve | Old City of Jerusalem and its Walls | Old City of Sana'a | Old Towns of Djenné | Palestine: Land of Olives and Vines – Cultural Landscape of Southern Jerusalem, Battir | Old Walled City of Shibam | Rachid Karami International Fair | Río Plátano Biosphere Reserve | Rock-Art Sites of Tadrart Acacus | Saint Hilarion Monastery/Tell Umm Amer | Samarra Archaeological City | Selous Game Reserve | Site of Palmyra | Timbuktu | Tomb of Askia | Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra | Virunga National Park | Roșia Montană Mining Landscape | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [[File:Arakao1.jpg | 150px | alt=Sand dunes in the desert, offroad vehicles and mountains in the distance]] | Arlit Department | 1991 | 1992– | Natural: (vii), (ix), (x) | Jihadist insurgency and civil disturbance in the region as well as a reduction of wildlife population and degradation of the vegetation cover. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Aleppo skyline 2011-01-08 (02).jpg | 150px | alt=City view with a wall and a mosque.]] | Aleppo Governorate | 1986 | 2013– | Cultural: (iii), (iv) | Syrian Civil War, conquered by rebels in December 2024. Bombings continue threatening the site. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Bosra pano Syria.jpg | 150px | alt=An old amphitheatre]] | Daraa Governorate | 1980 | 2013– | Cultural: (i), (iii), (vi) | Syrian Civil War, conquered by rebels in December 2024. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:The Jupiter temple in Damascus.jpg | 150px | alt=Ruins of a stone building with columns and without roof]] | Damascus Governorate | 1979 | 2013– | Cultural: (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (vi) | Syrian Civil War, held by Assadist forces, rebel gunfire and mortar shelling, mainly from adjacent Jobar suburb endangers foundations. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Church of Saint Simeon Stylites 17.jpg | 150px | alt=Ruins of a stone church without a roof]] | Syria | 2011 | 2013– | Cultural: (iii), (iv), (v) | Syrian Civil War, some held by rebels. Reports of looting and demolitions by Islamist groups. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Cyrene8.jpg | 150px | alt=Ruins of Cyrene (Shahhat), on a hillside]] | Jebel Akhdar | 1982 | 2016– | Cultural: (ii), (iii), (vi) | Libyan Civil War, presence of armed groups, already incurred and potential further damage. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Leptis Magna Arch of Septimus Severus.jpg | 150px | alt=View upwards of the Arch of Septimius Severus at Leptis Magna, Libya]] | Khoms | 1982 | 2016– | Cultural: (i), (ii), (iii) | Libyan Civil War, presence of armed groups, already incurred and potential further damage. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Theatre, Sabratha.JPG | 150px | alt=View alongside the theatre of Sabratha, Libya]] | Sabratha | 1982 | 2016– | Cultural: (iii) | Libyan Civil War, presence of armed groups, already incurred and potential further damage. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Flickr - The U.S. Army - www.Army.mil (218).jpg | 150px | alt=Series of three arched gates made of simple stones, apparently all that has survived from a larger building]] | Salah ad Din | 2003 | 2003– | Cultural: (iii), (iv) | A planned reservoir that would have partially flooded the site was suspended in the wake of the Iraq War by the new administration; lack of adequate protection. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Chanchan fishnet ruins.JPG | 150px | alt=Ruins of former buildings in a desert setting consisting of low walls with a fishnet pattern]] | La Libertad | 1986 | 1986– | Cultural: (i), (iii) | Natural erosion. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Potosi Zentrum.JPG | 150px]] | Potosí | 1987 | 2014– | Cultural: (ii), (iv), (vi) | Continued mining has left the mountain porous and unstable, causing portions of the summit to collapse, also the target of future mining by the Bolivian Mining Corp. Recommendations to preserve the site have not been followed through. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Calle en Coro 2.JPG | 150px | alt=A street with single-storey, colourful houses]] | Falcón | 1993 | 2005– | Cultural: (iv), (v) | Damage to a great number of structures due to heavy rain between November 2004 and February 2005 as well as the construction of a new monument, a beach walkway and an entrance gate to the city in the buffer zone which could have considerable impact on the value of the site. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Krak des Chevaliers 14.jpg | 150px | alt=A fortress of grey stone]] | Homs and Latakia Governorates | 2006 | 2013– | Cultural: (ii), (iv) | Syrian Civil War, once held by Al-Nusra Front and other Islamist groups, reclaimed by Syrian Arab Army and Hezbollah fighters. Reports of damages and looting caused by Islamist groups were released by the government. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:BigBuddha.jpg | 150px | alt=Large niche in a rock with the outline of a human figure]] | Bamyan Province | 2003 | 2003– | Cultural: (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (vi) | Fragile conservation state due to abandonment, military action and dynamite explosions; causing dangers such as risk of collapse of Buddha niches, further deterioration of cave murals, looting and illicit excavations. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Dugout canoe Rennell.jpg | 150px | alt=Dugout canoe in the Rennell Island lagoon, Solomon Islands]] | Rennell and Bellona Province | 1998 | 2013– | Natural: (ix) | Damage to the site due to logging and its effect on the local ecosystem. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Everglades.jpg | 150px | alt=A large white bird with black wingtips and a long slightly curved beak is perched on a branch above grassland.]] | Florida | 1979 | 1993–2007, 2010– | Natural: viii), (ix), (x) | Damage due to Hurricane Andrew and deterioration of water flow and quality due to agricultural and urban development (1993); continued degradation of the site resulting in a loss of marine habitat and decline in marine species (2010) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Portobelo Ruins and bay.jpg | 150px | alt=Ruins of stone fortifications near water]] | Colón Province | 1980 | 2012– | Cultural: (i), (iv) | Environmental factors, lack of maintenance and urban development. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Garamba National Park overhead.jpg | 150px | alt=Bird's-eye view of a river running through grassland interspersed by trees]] | Orientale | 1980 | 1984–1992, 1996– | Natural: (vii), (x) | Reduction of northern white rhinoceros population (1984); poaching of two white rhinos, killing of three rangers and no plan for corrective measures by the authorities (1996) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:اثار الحضر.jpg | 150px | alt=Ruins of a pantheon built with tan stones, with vegetation in the foreground]] | Ninawa Governorate | 1985 | 2015– | Cultural: (ii), (iii), (iv), (vi) | Damage inflicted to the property by the Islamic State. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Hebron172.JPG | 150px]] | Hebron Governorate | 2017 | 2017– | 1565; ii, iv, vi (cultural) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Operniy-5.jpg | 150px | alt=A round opera house built in the baroque style]] | Odesa | 2023 | 2023– | Cultural: (ii), (iv) | Russo-Ukrainian War | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Kijów - Sobór Mądrości Bożej 01.jpg | Saint-Sophia Cathedral | 150px | alt=Church with green and golden domes]] | Kyiv | 1990 | 2023– | Cultural: (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) | url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/news/2608 | title=Ukraine: UNESCO sites of Kyiv and L'viv are inscribed on the List of World Heritage in Danger | publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre | access-date=17 September 2023 | archive-date=17 September 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230917051748/https://whc.unesco.org/en/news/2608 | url-status=live}} | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Лвов Галиција.jpg | L'viv | 150px | alt=Colourful old townhouses and a fountain with a statue in front]] | Lviv | 1998 | 2023– | Cultural: (ii), (v) | Russo-Ukrainian War | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Kok-Gumbaz.JPG | 150px | alt=]] | Qashqadaryo Region | 2000 | 2016– | Cultural: (iii), (iv) | Destruction of buildings in its medieval neighbourhoods and continuing urban development. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Wien Rathaus hochauflösend.jpg | 150px]] | Vienna | 2001 | 2017– | Cultural: (ii), (iv), (vi) | New high-rise projects. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Al Hudaydah | 1993 | 2000– | Cultural: (ii), (iv), (vi) | Deteriorating state of historic buildings, inscribed on request of the State Party. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Baja California, Baja California Sur, Sonora, Sinaloa, and Nayarit | 2005 | 2019– | Natural: (vii), (ix), (x) | Imminent extinction of the vaquita, an endemic porpoise in the gulf. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| South Kivu and Maniema | 1980 | 1997– | Natural: (x) | Deforestation, hunting as well as war and civil strife. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:LakeTurkanaSouthIsland.jpg | 150px | alt=A lake with land in the foreground and background.]] | 1997 | 2018– | Natural: (viii), (x) | Impact of Ethiopia's Gilgel Gibe III Dam on the lake's flow and ecosystem. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Marib | 2023 | 2023– | Cultural: (iii), (iv) | Threats of destruction caused by the Yemeni Civil War. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bamingui-Bangoran | 1988 | 1997– | Natural: (ix), (x) | Illegal grazing and poaching, deteriorating security situation. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Jam Qasr Zarafshan.jpg | 150px | alt=A tall minaret in a river valley. High on mountains in the background there are other, smaller structures.]] | Ghōr | 2002 | 2002– | Cultural: (ii), (iii), (iv) | Lack of legal protection, lack of protection measure or management plan, poor condition of the site. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Srednjovekovni spomenici nа kosovu.jpg | 150px | alt=Stone church with various towers]] | 2004 | 2006– | Cultural: (ii), (iii), (iv) | March Pogrom, lack of legal protection and management; political instability and insecurity. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Voa Guinea chimpanzee picking 30jan08.jpg | 150px | alt=A chimpanzee in a tree.]] | Lola Prefecture | 1981 | 1992– | Natural: (ix), (x) | Iron ore mining concession on part of the World Heritage Site and influx of large number of refugees on the Guinean part of the site. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Nan madol.jpg | 150px | alt=]] | Temwen Island | 2016 | 2016– | Cultural: (i), (iii), (iv), (vi) | Continuing siltation of waterways contributing to overgrowth and undermining existing structures. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Epulu Okapi Reserve.jpg | 150px | alt=River lined with tropical vegetation, many stones in its bed]] | Orientale | 1996 | 1997– | Natural: (x) | Looting of park facilities and killing of elephants as a result of an armed conflict in the area. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Old City (Jerusalem).jpg | 150x150px | alt=View over a city; in the background, a large building with a golden cupola]] | Jerusalem | 1981 | 1982– | Cultural: (ii), (iii), (vi) | Uncontrolled urban development, general deterioration of the state of conservation due to tourism and lack of maintenance. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sana'a Governorate | 1986 | 2015– | Cultural: (iv), (v), (vi) | url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/news/1310 | title=Yemen's Old City of Sana'a and Old Walled City of Shibam added to List of World Heritage in Danger | publisher=World Heritage Committee. UNESCO | access-date=15 July 2015}} | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Great Mosque of Djenné 1.jpg | 150px | alt=]] | Djenné | 1988 | 2016– | Cultural: (iii), (iv) | Regional insecurity, deteriorating state of the historic town, urbanization and erosion. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Batir.JPG | 150px]] | Battir | 2014 | 2014– | Cultural: (iv)(v) | The Israeli West Bank barrier "may isolate farmers from fields they have cultivated for centuries". | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hadhramaut Governorate | 1982 | 2015– | Cultural: (iii), (iv), (v) | Potential threat from the armed conflict, compounding safeguarding and management problems already observed at the site. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tripoli | 2023 | 2023– | Cultural: (ii)(iv) | Threatened by lack of funds for maintenance due to the Lebanese liquidity crisis, urban development, and "its alarming state of conservation". | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Rio platano.jpg | 150px | alt=A river lined with tropical vegetation, tree trunks and branches in the water]] | La Mosquitia | 1982 | 1996–2007, 2011– | Natural: (vii), (viii), (ix), (x) | Logging, fishing and land occupation; poaching and the reduced capacity of the state to manage the site; largely due to the deterioration of law and to the presence of drug traffickers. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Tadrart Acacus 1.jpg | 150px | alt=]] | Fezzan | 1985 | 2016– | Cultural: (iii) | Libyan Civil War, presence of armed groups, already incurred and potential further damage. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:GAZA003.jpg | 150px | alt=]] | Deir al-Balah Governorate | 2024 | 2024– | Cultural: (ii)(iii)(iv) | Gaza war. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:The spiral minaret in Samarra.jpg | 150px | alt=Spiral minaret in an open plain with a large number of buildings in the background and a swerving road to the left]] | Salah ad Din | 2007 | 2007– | Cultural: ii), (iii), (iv) | Security situation following the Iraq War and lack of state control for protection or management of the site. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:TZ Selous Game Reserve Aeroview.JPG | 150px]] | Coast, Morogoro, Lindi, Mtwara and Ruvuma Regions | 1982 | 2014– | Natural: (ix), (x) | Exploration and extraction of minerals, large infrastructure projects | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Temple of Bel, Palmyra 15.jpg | 150px | alt=Ruins of stone buildings with columns]] | Homs Governorate | 1980 | 2013– | Cultural: (i), (ii), (iv) | Syrian Civil War, captured by the notoriously iconoclastic Islamic State terrorist organization (ISIS). | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Timbuktu Mosque Sankore.jpg | 150px | alt=A street with a mud wall and a pyramid shaped mud building with sticks protruding from its wall.]] | Timbuktu, Timbuktu Region | 1988 | 2012– | Cultural: (ii), (iv), (v) | Threat of destruction by Islamist groups like Al-Qaeda in Islamic Maghreb, Ansar Dine and Boko Haram. Some monuments are now pillaged and destroyed. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Askia.jpg | 150px | alt=A mud structure with sticks protruding from the wall]] | Gao, Gao Region | 2004 | 2012– | Cultural: (ii), (iii), (iv) | url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1139 | title=Tomb of Askia | publisher=UNESCO | access-date=27 October 2012}} | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Man of the woods.JPG | 150px]] | Sumatra | 2004 | 2011 | Natural: (vii), (ix), (x) | Poaching, illegal logging, agricultural encroachment, and plans to build roads through the site. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Nyiragongo2004.jpg | 150px | alt=Mountain landscape with trunks of trees or shrubs that appear to have burned]] | North Kivu and Orientale | 1979 | 1994– | Natural: (vii), (viii), (x) | Deforestation and poaching as a result of the influx of refugees due to the Rwandan Civil War. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alba County, Romania | 2021 | 2021– | Cultural: (ii), (iii), (iv) | Threats posed by plans to resume mining which would damage a major part of the inscribed Mining Landscape. |
Previously listed sites
A number of sites were previously listed as being in danger, but later removed from the list after improvements in management and conservation. The Everglades National Park was listed from 1993 to 2007 and has been again since 2010; the Río Plátano Biosphere Reserve was listed from 1996 to 2007 and has been again since 2011: both are therefore included in the list of currently listed sites (above).
| Site | Image | Location | Year listed | Years endangered | UNESCO data | Description | Abu Mena | Angkor | Bagrati Cathedral and Gelati Monastery | Bahla Fort | Bam and its Cultural Landscape | Belize Barrier Reef Reserve System | Birthplace of Jesus: Church of the Nativity and the Pilgrimage Route, Bethlehem | Butrint | Cologne Cathedral | Comoé National Park | Djoudj National Bird Sanctuary | Dresden Elbe Valley | Dubrovnik | Fort and Shalamar Gardens in Lahore | Galápagos Islands | Group of Monuments at Hampi | Historical Monuments of Mtskheta | Humberstone and Santa Laura Saltpeter Works | Ichkeul National Park | Iguaçu National Park | Kathmandu Valley | Liverpool – Maritime Mercantile City | Los Katíos National Park | Manas Wildlife Sanctuary | Natural and Culturo-Historical Region of Kotor | Ngorongoro Conservation Area | Niokolo-Koba National Park | Old Town of Ghadamès | Plitvice Lakes National Park | Rainforests of the Atsinanana | Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras | Royal Palaces of Abomey | Ruins of Kilwa Kisiwani and Ruins of Songo Mnara | Rwenzori Mountains National Park | Salonga National Park | Sangay National Park | Simien National Park | Srebarna Nature Reserve | Timbuktu | Tipasa | Tombs of Buganda Kings at Kasubi | Walled City of Baku with Shirvanshah's Palace and Maiden Tower | Wieliczka Salt Mine | Yellowstone National Park | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [[File:Abu Mena Ancient Monastery 04.JPG | 150px]] | Abusir | 1979 | 2001–2025 | Cultural: iv | Cave-ins in the area caused by the clay at the surface, which becomes semi-liquid when met with "excess water" | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Angkor Wat.jpg | 150x150px | alt=Ruins of a large structure with five large towers at the top]] | Siem Reap Province | 1992 | 1992–2004 | Cultural: (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) | Inscription initially limited to a three-year period (1993–1995) during which effective legal protection, boundary and buffer zones were to be established and international conservation efforts were to be monitored and coordinated; at the time of inscription, Cambodia was UN-controlled following the civil war in the 1980s. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Bagrati cathedral, georgia.jpg | 150x150px | alt=Ruins of a stone church with the highest point at the apsis]] | Imereti | 1994 | 2010–2017 | Cultural: (iv) | url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/710 | title=Bagrati Cathedral and Gelati Monastery | publisher=UNESCO | access-date=3 December 2010}} | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Bahla Fort.jpg | 150x150px | alt=Walls of a stone fort and a tower]] | Bahla | 1987 | 1988–2004 | Cultural: (iv) | Degradation of earth structures of the fort and of the oasis of Bahla | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:BAM IR2726.JPG | 150x150px | alt=View over a large ruined city coloured grey-brown; in the background, a castle overlooks the city]] | Kerman | 2004 | 2004–2013 | Cultural: (ii), (iii), (iv), (v) | Following the damage due to the 2003 Bam earthquake | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:'Brain' coral.JPG | 150x150px | alt=Underwater image of a green stone like object with patterns on the surface resembling a brain]] | Belize, Stann Creek and Toledo Districts | 1996 | 2009–2018 | Natural: (vii), (ix), (x) | Mangrove cutting and excessive development | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Birthplace of Jesus.jpg | 150x150px | alt=Birthplace of Jesus]] | Bethlehem | 2012 | 2012–2019 | Cultural: (iv), (vi) | Damage due to water leaks. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Butrint, Albania.jpg | 150x150px | alt=Ruins of an amphitheatre and other structures]] | Sarandë District | 1992 | 1997–2005 | iii (cultural) | Damages due to management and conservation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Cologne Cathedral.jpg | 150x150px | alt=A large gothic cathedral of grey to black stone]] | North Rhine-Westphalia | 1996 | 2004–2006 | Cultural: (i), (ii), (iv) | url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/292 | title=Cologne Cathedral | publisher=UNESCO | access-date=26 June 2011}} | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:NationalparkComoe5.jpg | 150x150px | alt=A white vehicle with luggage on top fording a river with green trees in the background, all under a clear blue sky]] | Zanzan | 1983 | 2003–2017 | Natural: (ix), (x) | Civil unrest, poaching and lack of effective management mechanisms | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:CormoransDjoudj.JPG | 150x150px | alt=Cormorants on a tree without leaves above some water]] | Biffeche | 1981 | 1984–1988, 2000–2006 | Natural: (vii), (x) | 8th session | 1984 | p=18}} | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Dresden-Altstadt von der Marienbruecke-II.jpg | 150x150px | alt=Dresden skyline in the Elbe Valley]] | Saxony | 2004 | 2006–2009 | Cultural: (ii), (iii), (iv), (v) | Construction plans for the Waldschlösschen Bridge in the core area of the cultural landscape; removed from the list of World Heritage Sites in 2009 after construction commenced at the end of 2007. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Dubrovnik june 2011..JPG | 150x150px | alt=Marina in a city with churches and a fort]] | Dubrovnik-Neretva County | 1979 | 1991–1998 | Cultural: (i), (iii), (iv) | Croatian War of Independence | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Alamgiri Gate at Lahore Fort.jpeg | 150x150px | alt=Entrance gate to a fort flanked by two large towers]] | Punjab | 1981 | 2000–2012 | Cultural: (i), (ii), (iii) | Destruction of historic water tanks in 1999 to widen a road and deteriorating perimeter walls of the Garden, listed on request of the Pakistan government. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Galapagos.jpg | 150x150px | alt=Landscape with little vegetation, rocks and an isthmus.]] | Galápagos Province | 1978 | 2007–2010 | Natural: vii), (viii), (ix), (x) | Various threats including insufficient prevention of possibilities for the introduction of alien species, insufficient resource allocation for conservation agencies and park management, presence of a large number of illegal immigrants, rapid uncontrolled growth of tourism, fishing over-capacity and sports fishing. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Virupaksha Temple,Hampi.JPG | 150x150px | alt=Very high gate-like structure decorated with many niches]] | Bellary district | 1986 | 1999–2006 | Cultural: (i), (iii), (iv) | Partial construction of two cable-suspended bridges within the protected archaeological areas of Hampi threatening the integrity and authenticity of the site | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Svetitskhoveli1.jpg | 150x150px | alt=A compact tall stone church with a circular tower above the apsis]] | Mtskheta-Mtianeti | 1994 | 2009–2016 | Cultural: (iii), (iv) | Deterioration of stonework and frescoes, mismanagement and urban development | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Humberstone.jpg | 150x150px | alt=Industrial structure in a desert setting.]] | Tarapacá | 2005 | 2005–2019 | Cultural: (ii), (iii), (iv) | Fragile nature of structures due to lack of maintenance for 40 years; also damage, vandalism and some dismantling; looting | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Parcichkeul3.jpg | 150x150px | alt=Forested coastal mountains]] | Bizerta | 1980 | 1996–2006 | Natural: (x) | Construction of dams limiting the freshwater flow to the area and causing an increased salinity of the lake and the marshes as well as a decrease in the number of migrating bird populations | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Foz de Iguaçu 27 Panorama Nov 2005.jpg | 150x150px | alt=A large waterfall falling into a horseshoe-shaped gorge]] | Paraná State | 1986 | 1999–2001 | Natural: (vii), (x) | 23rd session | 1999 | p=29}} | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Basantapurpalace.JPG | 150x150px | alt=Red multi-storied building and towerlike structure]] | Kathmandu Valley | 1979 | 2003–2007 | Cultural: (iii), (iv), (vi) | Partial or substantial loss of the traditional elements of six out of seven monument zones and resulting general loss of authenticity and integrity of the whole property. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| England | 2004 | 2012–2021 | Cultural: (ii), (iii), (iv) | Due to the proposed redevelopment of historic docklands known as Liverpool Waters, (including Bramley-Moore Dock stadium of Everton F.C.). Stripped of World Heritage status in July 2021, due to the continued progress of the developments. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Giant anteater (4531346746).jpg | 150x150px | alt=The giant anteater, one of the inhabitants of Los Katíos]] | Antioquia and Chocó Departments | 1994 | 2009–2015 | Natural: (ix), (x) | Deforestation, illegal fishing and hunting. Removed following significant improvements to Park management | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Manas landscape rhino.jpg | 150x150px | alt=A one-horned Indian rhinoceros in a grassland landscape]] | Assam | 1985 | 1992–2011 | Natural: (vii), (ix), (x) | Poaching, damage to the park's infrastructure and decrease in the population of some species particularly the Indian rhinoceros (pictured) following an invasion by militants of the Bodo tribe in 1992 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:20090719 Crkva Gospa od Zdravlja Kotor Bay Montenegro.jpg | 150x150px | alt=A town in rocky mountains next to a bay or lake]] | Bay of Kotor, Kotor and surrounding territory | 1979 | 1979–2003 | Cultural: (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) | Damage following the earthquake from 15 April 1979 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Ngorongoro Crater Overview.jpg | 150x150px | alt=Bird's-eye view of a largely unvegetated plain with a lake, a mountain range in the distance]] | Arusha Region | 1978 | 1984–1989 | Natural: (iv), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x) | url=https://whc.unesco.org/archive/1984/sc-84-conf004-9e.pdf | title=World Heritage Committee: Eighth session | publisher=UNESCO | access-date=26 June 2011 | page=18}} | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:River gambia Niokolokoba National Park.gif | 150px | alt=Bird's-eye view of a river running through a forested plain]] | Tambacounda Region and Kédougou Region | 1981 | 2007–2024 | Natural: (x) | Degradation of property, low mammal population, management problems and impact of a proposed dam on the Gambia River | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Libya Ghadames Old Town Rooftop View.JPG | 150px]] | Ghadames | 1986 | 2016–2025 | Cultural: (v) | Libyan Civil War, presence of armed groups, already incurred and potential further damage. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Plitvice Lakes National Park Croatia (163088369).jpeg | 150x150px | alt=Turqoise lakes among white rocks]] | Lika-Senj County | 1979 | 1992–1997 | Natural: (vii), (viii), (ix) | Potential threat due to the Croatian War of Independence | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Eastern Madagascar | 2007 | 2010–2025 | Natural: (ix), (x) | Illegal logging and hunting of endangered lemurs | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Banaue Philippines Batad-Rice-Terraces-02.jpg | 150x150px | alt=A village in the Batad rice terraces]] | Ifugao | 1995 | 2001–2012 | Cultural: (iii), (iv), (v) | Absence of systematic monitoring programme or a comprehensive management plan | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Abomey-Königspalast3.jpg | 150x150px | alt=Stone wall and a simple hut with coloured relief decorations of animals and plants]] | Zou Department | 1985 | 1985–2007 | Cultural: (iii), (iv) | General state of deterioration due to the elements and inappropriate restoration in conflict with the authenticity of the site | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Kilwa District | 1981 | 2004–2014 | Cultural: (iii) | Continuing deterioration of the site due to various factors such as erosion or plants | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Rwenzori mountains FP.jpg | 150x150px | alt=Hills with grassland, trees and farmland in front of a mountain range]] | Bundibugyo, Kabarole and Kasese Districts | 1994 | 1999–2004 | Natural: (vii), (ix) | url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/684 | title=Rwenzori Mountains National Park | publisher=UNESCO | access-date=26 June 2011}} | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:La rivière Lulilaka, parc national de Salonga, 2005.jpg | 150px | alt=River meandering through a wooded plain]] | Équateur and Bandundu provinces | 1984 | 1999–2021 | Natural: (vii), (ix) | Poaching and housing construction. Removed from the list in danger due to improvements in its state of conservation. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Ecuador SanguayNationalPark.JPG | 150x150px | alt=Forested mountain landscape]] | Chimborazo, Morona-Santiago and Tungurahua Provinces | 1983 | 1992–2005 | Natural: (vii), (viii), (ix), (x) | Heavy poaching, illegal livestock grazing, encroachment and potential threat through a road construction project | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Semien Mountains 02.jpg | 150x150px | alt=Mountain landscape with deep precipices]] | Amhara Region | 1978 | 1996–2017 | Natural: (vii), (x) | Deterioration of population of Walia ibex | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Srebarna-Lake.jpg | 150x150px | alt=Lake in a landscape with low vegetation]] | Silistra Province | 1983 | 1992–2003 | Natural: (x) | Prevention of seasonal flooding and agricultural use causing a decline or disappearance of the water and passerine bird populations | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Timbuktu Mosque Sankore.jpg | 150x150px | alt=Pyramidal structure with many sticks protruding from its walls]] | Circle and Tombouctou regions | 1988 | 1990–2005 | Cultural: (ii), (iv), (v) | Threat of sand encroachment | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Tipasa remain 2.JPG | 150x150px | alt=Several arches of a ruined building]] | Tipaza Province | 1982 | 2002–2006 | Cultural: (iii), (iv) | Inadequate maintenance affecting the integrity of the site and its buffer zone | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Kampala Kasubi Tombs.jpg | 150px | alt=Dome shaped house made of natural materials]] | Kampala District | 2001 | 2010–2023 | Cultural: (i), (iii), (iv), (vi) | title=Unesco removes Ugandan kings' tombs from endangered heritage list | website=Africanews | date=13 September 2023 | url=https://www.africanews.com/2023/09/13/unesco-removes-ugandan-kings-tombs-from-endangered-heritage-list// | access-date=12 April 2024}} | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Qız qalası 2013.JPG | 150x150px]] | Baku | 2000 | 2003–2009 | Cultural: (iv) | Damage sustained during the 2000 Baku earthquake, urban development and inadequate conservation efforts | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:Αλατωρυχεία Βιελίτσκα 5023.jpg | 150x150px | alt=Large room with lamps hanging from the ceiling and sculptures or reliefs along the walls]] | Lesser Poland Voivodeship | 1978 | 1989–1998 | Cultural: (iv) | url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/32 | title=Wieliczka Salt Mine | publisher=UNESCO | access-date=26 June 2011}} | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [[File:YellowstonefallJUN05.JPG | 150x150px | alt=Large waterfall in a rocky mountain landscape]] | Wyoming, Montana, and Idaho | 1978 | 1995–2003 | Natural: (vii), (viii), (ix), (x) | Ascertained dangers to Yellowstone cutthroat trout as well as sewage leakage and waste contamination in parts of the park; potential threats to water quantity and quality, past and proposed mining activities, a proposed control programme to eradicate brucellosis in the bison herds |
Notes
References
Citations
General
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