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List of the orchids of Ireland

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This is an annotated list of the orchids found in Ireland.

Genus ''[[Anacamptis]]'' Rich.

  • Anacamptis morio (Linnaeus) R.M.Bateman, Pridgeon & M.W.Chase.

Distribution. Southern half of Ireland but not Southwest Map Status. Endangered. Image:Anacamptis morio (field).jpg|Anacamptis morio Habitat

Distribution. Most of Ireland.Map Orchis pyramidal Agonac (2).JPG|Anacamptis pyramidalis Habitat Anacamptis pyramidalis - Orchis Pyramidal.JPG|Anacamptis pyramidalis Donegal

Genus ''[[Cephalanthera]]'' L.C.M. Richard

  • Cephalanthera longifolia (Linnaeus) Fritsch.

Distribution.Scattered over Ireland. Extinct Northern Ireland Map Status.Endangered. Image:Přírodní park Baba204.jpg

Genus ''Coeloglossum'' Hartm.

valid combination Dactylorhiza viridis

Genus ''[[Dactylorhiza]]'' Necker ex Nevski

  • Dactylorhiza fuchsii (Druce) Soó.

Distribution. All of Ireland Map Image:Dactylorhiza fuchsii 270609.jpg|Dactylorhiza fuchsii Habitat Image:OrchidVoirons4.JPG|Dactylorhiza fuchsii

  • EOL images of Dactylorhiza fuchsii
  • Dactylorhiza fuchsii subspecies hebridensis (Wilmott) Soó
  • Dactylorhiza fuchsii subspecies fuchsii (Druce) Soó
  • Dactylorhiza fuchsii subspecies okellyi (Druce) Soó
  • Dactylorhiza incarnata (Linnaeus) Soó.

Distribution.All of Ireland Map

Distribution Map

Image:Dactylorhiza incarnata 190506.jpg|Dactylorhiza incarnata Habitat Image:Dactylorhiza incarnata 140505.jpg|Dactylorhiza incarnata

  • EOL images of Dactylorhiza incarnata
  • Dactylorhiza incarnata subspecies coccinea (Pugsley) Soó
  • Dactylorhiza incarnata subspecies incarnata (Linnaeus) Image:Dactylorhiza incarnata f. rosea (flower spike).jpg|Dactylorhiza incarnata forma rosea
  • Dactylorhiza incarnata subspecies pulchella (Druce) Soó
  • Dactylorhiza maculata auctorum hibernicorum.

Distribution. All of Ireland Map Image:20090724JungfruMarieNyckelIMG 6369.jpg|Dactylorhiza maculata Habitat Image:Dactylorhiza Maculata Norway.jpg|Dactylorhiza maculata

Distribution. Widespread Map Image:Dactylorhiza majalis in Chvalsovicke pastviny area in 2011 (4).JPG|Dactylorhiza majalis Habitat Image:Knabenkraut 20080921.jpg|Dactylorhiza majalis

Distribution. Western, Northern and Central Ireland Map Image:Mg-k d1002356 dactylorhiza occidentalis.jpg|Dactylorhiza occidentalis Burren Habitus Image:Mg-k d1002358 dactylorhiza occidentalis.jpg|Dactylorhiza occidentalis inflorescence

  • Dactylorhiza purpurella (T. Stephenson & T.A. Stephenson) Soó

Distribution. All Ireland. Mainly North Map Image:Mg-k d1002033 dactylorhiza fuchsii x purpurella.jpg|Dactylorhiza purpurella Habitat Image:Mg-k d1002026 dactylorhiza coccinea x purpurella.jpg|Dactylorhiza purpurella Inflorescence

Image:Petit orchis de mai (Vosges).jpg|Dactylorhiza traunsteineri. Habitus Image:Dactylorhiza traunsteineri.jpeg|Dactylorhiza traunsteineri Inflorescence

Distribution. All Ireland.Map

Image:Coeloglossum viride 06 mg-k.jpg|Dactylorhiza viridis Habitat Image:Coeloglossum viride Saarland 01.jpg|Dactylorhiza viridis Habitus Image:Coeloglossum viride Schweiz Julierpass 360.jpg|Dactylorhiza viridis

nothosubspecies of = Dactylorhiza (hybrid subspecies)

  • x braunii (Halácsy) Borsos & Soó
  • x claudiopolitana (Soó) Soó
  • x formosa (T. & T.A. Stephenson) Soó
  • x jenensis (Brand.) Soó
  • x kellerana P.F. Hunt
  • x kernerorum (Soó) Soó
  • x townsendiana (Rouy) Soó
  • x transiens (Druce) Soó
  • x venusta (T. & T.A. Stephenson) Soó
  • Dactylorhiza fuchsii x incarnata subsp. cruenta

Genus ''[[Epipactis]]'' Zinn

  • Epipactis atrorubens (Hoffm.) Besser.

Distribution. Western Ireland. Map

Image:Epipactis atrorubens 100705c.jpg|Epipactis atrorubens. Habitus Image:Epipactis atrorubens 2(loz).jpg|Epipactis atrorubens. Inflorescence

Distribution. All Ireland. Map Image:Epipactis helleborine 240705.jpg|Epipactis helleborine Habitus Image:Epipactis helleborine 03.JPG|Epipactis helleborine Inflorescence

Distribution. All Ireland. Map Image:Epipactis palustris 230705.jpg|Habitat Image:Epipactis palustris.jpeg|Inflorescence Image:Epipactis palustris - Keila.jpg|Flower

Distribution.Confined to North and coastal East Map

Image:Epipactis phyllanthes - Flickr 003.jpg|Epipactis phyllanthes

Genus ''[[Gymnadenia]]'' R. Brown

  • Gymnadenia borealis (Druce) R.M.Bateman, Pridgeon & M.W.Chase.

Distribution. Restricted. Map Heath Fragrant Orchid (Gymnadenia borealis) - geograph.org.uk - 701279.jpg|Gymnadenia borealis Keen of Hamar NNR Scotland

  • Gymnadenia conopsea (Linnaeus) R. Brown.

Distribution.All Ireland Map Image:Gymnadenia conopsea 060707.jpg|Gymnadenia conopsea. Habitat Image:Gymnadenia conopsea 030710.jpg|Gymnadenia conopsea Habitus

  • EOL images of Gymnadenia conopsea
  • Gymnadenia densiflora (Wahlenb.) A. Dietr. = Gymnadenia × densiflora (Wahlenb.) A.Dietr., Allg. Gartenzeitung 7: 170 (1839) only this hybrid name is accepted. Hybrid Formula: G. conopsea × G. odoratissima

Distribution. Restricted. North map

nothosubspecies of Gymnadenia (hybrid subspecies)

  • x Dactylogymnadenia cookei (H. Harrison fil.) Soó
  • x Dactylogymnadenia legrandiana (Camus) Soó
  • x Dactylogymnadenia varia (T. & T.A. Stephenson) Soó

Genus ''[[Hammarbya]]'' O. Kuntze

  • Hammarbya paludosa (Linnaeus) Kuntze.

Distribution.All Ireland.Coastal Map Status.Endangered.

Image:Hammarbya paludosa Belgien 03.jpg|Hammarbya paludosa. Habitus Image:Hammarbya paludosa Belgien 05.jpg|Hammarbya paludosa Infloresecence Image:Hammarbya paludosa Niedersachsen 02.jpg|Hammarbya paludosa Infloresecence

Genus ''[[Leucorchis]]'' E. Mey

valid combination Pseudorchis albida (Linnaeus) A. Löve & D. Löve. See below

Genus ''Listera'' R. Brown

Valid combination Neottia cordata (L.) Rich. Valid combination Neottia ovata (Linnaeus) Bluff & Fingerh.

Genus ''[[Neotinea]]'' Reichb. f.

  • Neotinea maculata (Desfontaines) W.L. Stearn

Distribution. WesternIreland (24 Hectads) Map

Image:Neotinea maculata (Sardinia).jpg|Neotinea maculata

Genus ''[[Neottia]]'' Ludwig

  • Neottia cordata (L.) Rich.

Distribution. All Ireland. Fewer records Midland Map

Image:Alpines Biotop Listera cordata.jpg|Listera cordata Habitat (Alpine Biotope) Image:Listera cordata 130506b.jpg|Listera cordata Habitus Image:Listera cordata - Flickr 003.jpg|Listera cordata Inflorescence

Distribution. All Ireland.Map Image:Neottia ovata R.H. (6).jpg|Neottia ovata Habitus Image:Listera ovata bluete.jpeg|Neottia ovata Inflorescence

Distribution.All Ireland. Map

Image:Neottia nidus-avis Saarland 010.jpg|Neottia nidus-avis Habitus Image:Neottia nidus-avis04.jpg|Neottia nidus-avis Inflorescence

Genus ''[[Ophrys]]'' Linnaeus

  • Ophrys apifera Hudson

Distribution.All Ireland. Map

Image:Ophrys apifera2a.jpg|Ophrys apifera Habitus Image:Bijenorchis KW3.jpg|Ophrys apifera Inflorescence

Distribution.Central and West Ireland (karst). Map

Image:Ophrys insectifera 210407.jpg|Ophrys insectifera Habitat Image:Ophrys.insectifera.8255.jpg|Ophrys insectifera Habitus Image:Ophrys insectifera (spike).jpg|Ophrys insectifera Inflorescence Image:Ophrys insectifera 290407.jpg|Ophrys insectifera Flower

Genus ''[[Orchis]]''

  • Orchis mascula Linnaeus

Distribution.All Ireland. Map

Image:Coucou e orquidèa causse del larzac.JPG|Orchis mascula Habitus Image:Orchis mascula ormancon st-joire 01052005 2.JPG|Orchis mascula Inflorescence

Genus ''[[Platanthera]]'' L.C.M. Richard

  • Platanthera bifolia (Linnaeus) L.C.M. Richard

Distribution.All Ireland. Map

Image:Přírodní park Baba783.jpg|Platanthera bifolia Habitat Image:Platanthera bifolia20090612 043.jpg|Platanthera bifolia Habitus Image:Natural monument Královský hvozd (28).jpg|Platanthera bifolia Flower

Distribution.All Ireland. Map

Image:Platanthera chlorantha LC0225.jpg|Platanthera chlorantha Habitus Image:Butterfly Orchid - Platanthera chlorantha 2a.jpg|Platanthera chlorantha Inflorescence

Genus ''[[Pseudorchis]]'' Séguier

  • Pseudorchis albida (Linnaeus) A. Löve & D. Löve

Distribution.All Ireland. Map Status.Endangered Image:Pseudorchis albida 010706.jpg|Pseudorchis albida Habitat (Italy) Image:Pseudorchis albida01.jpg|Pseudorchis albida

Genus ''[[Spiranthes]]'' Rich.

  • Spiranthes spiralis (Linnaeus) Chevall.

Distribution. South Ireland. Map

Image:Spiranthes spiralis (habitus).jpg|Spiranthes spiralis Habitus Image:Spiranthes spiralis (detail).jpg|Spiranthes spiralis Flower

Distribution.North, Galway Mayo Buttress and Southwest Map Status. Endangered.

Image:Spiranthes romanzoffiana03.jpg|Spiranthes romanzoffiana Habitus Image:Spiranthes romanzoffiana 2.jpg|Spiranthes romanzoffiana Flower

Synonyms

See WCSP 2012. World Checklist of selected plant families. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2012-October-24.

References

  • Bateman, R.M., Pridgeon, A.M. & Chase, M.W. (1997). Phylogenetics of subtribe Orchidinae (Orchidoideae, Orchidaceae) based on nuclear its sequences. 2. Infrageneric relationships and reclassification to achieve monophyly of Orchis sensu stricto. Lindleyana 12: 113-141.
  • Bateman, Richard M, 2011 Glacial progress: do we finally understand thenarrow-leaved marsh-orchids? New Journal of Botany Volume 1, Number 1, June 2011, pp. 2–15(14) pdf
  • O'Reilly, P. & Parker, S. (2007). The first nature guide to wild orchids in the Burren. pp. [1]-67. Lladdysul: First Nature.
  • Scannell, M.J.P. & Synnott, D.M. (1987). Census catalogue of the flora of Ireland. A list of Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae and Angiospermae including all the native plants and established aliens known to occur in Ireland with the distribution of each species, and recommended Irish and English names. pp. [i]-xxvii, 1-171, Map. Dublin: Stationery Office.
  • Sayers, B. & Sex, S. (2008). Ireland's wild orchids a field guide. pp. [i-iii], i-x, 1-109. Galway: Propeller.
  • Kingston, N.. (2009). Checklist of protected & rare species in Ireland. pp. 1–15.
  • Turner Ettlinger, D.M. (1976). British and Irish orchids a field guide. pp. [i]-vi, 1-141. London & Basignstoke: The Macmillan Press Ltd.
  • Webb, D.A. & Scannell, M.J.P. (1983). Flora of Connemara and the Burren. pp. i-xlv, 1-322, 4 colour pls; 25 black and white illustrations. Dublin & Cambridge: Royal Dublin Society & Cambridge University Press.
  • Harrap, Anne & Simon Harrap (2009) Orchids of Britain & Ireland: A Field and Site Guide, 2nd ed., A & C Black, London. .
  • Lang, David (1980) Orchids of Britain: a field guide. Oxford University Press
  • Pierre Delforge, 2006 Orchids of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East Portland, Or. : Timber Press 3rd Edition
  • Karl-Peter Buttler, 1986 Orchideen, die wildwachsenden Arten Europas. Mosaik Verlag
  • H. Baumann, S. Künkele, 1982 Die wildwachsenden Orchideen Europas. Frankh
  • Robert L. Dressler, 1996 Die Orchideen - Biologie und Systematik der Orchidaceae.
  • Hans Sundermann, 1975 Europäische und mediterrane Orchideen. Brücke-Verlag, 2. Auflage
  • J. G. Williams, Orchideen Europas mit Nordafrika und Kleinasien. BLV Verlag,
  • Kreutz, C.A.J., 2004 Kompendium der Europäischen Orchideen Landgraaf Kreutz Lists all subspecies, forma and other names.
  • Preston C. D., Pearman D. A. and Dines T.D., 2002 New Atlas of the British & Irish Flora Oxford University Press Verified and standardised maps.

References

  1. "Endangered plants in Ireland". Glasnevin Botanic Gardens.
  2. Scannell, M.J.P. & Synnott, D.M., 1987. ''Census catalogue of the flora of Ireland. A list of Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae and Angiospermae including all the native plants and established aliens known to occur in Ireland with the distribution of each species, and recommended Irish and English names'' pp. [i]-xxvii, 1-171, Map. Dublin: Stationery Office
  3. Webb, D.A. & Scannell, M.J.P., 1983. Flora of Connemara and the Burren. pp. i-xlv, 1-322, 4 colour pls; 25 black and white illustrations. Dublin & Cambridge: Royal Dublin Society & Cambridge University Press.
  4. "Endangered plants in Ireland". Glasnevin Botanic Gardens.
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