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List of state leaders in the 4th and 3rd millennia BC

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;State leaders in the 20th century BC – State leaders by year This is a list of state leaders in the 4th and 3rd millennium BC (4000–2001 BC).

Africa: Northeast

[[Lower Egypt]]

Type	Name	Title	Royal house	From	To
Sovereign	Hsekiu	Pharaoh	—	?	?
Khayu	—	?	?
Tiu	—	?	?
Thesh	—	?	?
Neheb	—	?	?
Wazner	—	Around 3100 BC?
Mekh	—	?	?

[[Upper Egypt]]

Type	Name	Title	Royal House	From
Sovereign	Scorpion I	Pharaoh	—	Around 3200 BC?
Iry-Hor	—	Around 3150 BC?
Ka	—	Around 3150 BC?
Scorpion	—	Around 3150 BC?
Narmer	—	Around 3150 BC?

[[Old Kingdom of Egypt|Egypt united: Old Kingdom]]

Type	Name	Title	Royal house	From	To	Refs
Sovereign	Narmer	Pharaoh	First dynasty	3150 BC?	3125 BC?	978-0-631-17472-1}}.
Hor-Aha	Around 3050 BC?
Djer	41–54 years
Djet	10–23 years
Merneith	?	?
Den	14–42 years
Anedjib	8–10 years
Semerkhet	8.5–9 years
Qa'a	2916 BC?	2890 BC?	Bard, Kathryn A.]] Encyclopedia of the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt. London; New York: Routledge, 1999, p. 27, .
Hotepsekhemwy	Second dynasty	2890 BC?	2853 BC?
Raneb	10–39 years
Nynetjer	40–45 years
Weneg	8 years
Senedj	20 years
Seth-Peribsen	17 years
Sekhemib-Perenmaat	?	?
Khasekhemwy	17–18 years	2686 BC?
Sanakht	Third dynasty	2686 BC	2668 BC
Djoser	2668 BC	2649 BC
Sekhemkhet	2649 BC	2643 BC
Khaba	2643 BC	2637 BC
Huni	2637 BC	2613 BC
Sneferu	Fourth dynasty	2613 BC	2589 BC
Khufu	2589 BC	2566 BC
Djedefre	2566 BC	2558 BC
Khafre	2558 BC	2532 BC
Menkaure	2532 BC	2503 BC
Shepseskaf	2503 BC	2498 BC
Userkaf	Fifth dynasty	2498 BC or 2494 BC	2491 BC or 2487 BC
Sahure	2490 BC or 2487 BC	2477 BC or 2475 BC
Neferirkare Kakai	2477 BC or 2475 BC	2467 BC or 2455 BC
Neferefre	2460 BC	2458 BC or 2425 BC
Shepseskare	2467 BC or 2455 BC	2460 BC or 2448 BC
Nyuserre Ini	2445 BC or 2425 BC	2422 BC or 2421 BC
Menkauhor Kaiu	2422 BC or 2421 BC	2414 BC
Djedkare Isesi	2414 BC	2375 BC
Unas	2375 BC	2375 BC
Teti	Sixth dynasty	2345 BC	2333 BC
Userkare	2333 BC	2332 BC
Pepi I Meryre	2332 BC	2283 BC
Merenre Nemtyemsaf I	2283 BC	2278 BC
Pepi II Neferkare	2278 BC	2184 BC
Merenre Nemtyemsaf II	2184 BC
Neitiqerty Siptah	2184 BC	2181 BC

[[First Intermediate Period of Egypt]]

Type	Name	Title	Royal house	From	To
Sovereign	Menkare	Pharaoh	Eighth dynasty	?	?
Neferkare II	?	?
Neferkare Neby	?	?
Djedkare Shemai	?	?
Neferkare Khendu	?	?
Merenhor	?	?
Neferkamin	?	?
Nikare	?	?
Neferkare Tereru	?	?
Neferkahor	?	?
Neferkare Pepiseneb	?	?
Neferkamin Anu	?	?
Qakare Ibi	2169 BC	2167 BC
Neferkaure II	2167 BC	2163 BC
Neferkauhor	2163 BC	2161 BC
Neferirkare	2161 BC	2160 BC
Neferkare VII	Ninth dynasty	?	?
Senenh/Setut	?	?
Mer[ibre Khety]	?	?
Shed—	?	?
H—	?	?
Meryhathor	Tenth dynasty	2130 BC	?
Neferkare IV	?	?
Wahkare Khety I	?	?
Merikare	?	2040 BC
Mentuhotep I	Eleventh dynasty	?	?
Intef I	2134 BC	2118 BC or 2117 BC
Intef II	2117 BC or 2112 BC	2069 BC or 2063 BC
Intef III	2069 BC	2061 BC or 2060 BC
Mentuhotep II	2061 BC or 2060 BC	2040 BC

[[Middle Kingdom of Egypt|Egypt reunited: Middle Kingdom]]

Eleventh Dynasty of Middle Kingdom Egypt (complete list) – :*Mentuhotep I, King (c.2135 BC) :*Intef I, King (c.2120 BC or c.2070 BC) :*Intef II, King (2112–2063 BC) :*Intef III, King (2069–2061 BC, 2063–2055 BC, or 2016–2009 BC) :*Mentuhotep II, King (c.2061–2010 BC) :*Mentuhotep III, King (2010 BC – 1998 BC)

Asia: West

[[Early Assyrian period|Assyria: Early Assyrian period]]

;Kings who Lived in Tents

Type	Name	Title	Royal house	From
Sovereign	Tudiya	King	—	23rd century BC?
Adamu	—	?	?
Yangi	—	?	?
Suhlamu	—	?	?
Harharu	—	?	?
Mandaru	—	?	?
Imsu	—	?	?
Harsu	—	?	?
Didanu	—	?	?
Hanu	—	?	?
Zuabu	—	?	?
Nuabu	—	?	?
Abazu	—	?	?
Belu	—	?	?
Azarah	—	?	?
Ushpia	—	Around 2030 BC?
Apiashal	—	?	?

;Kings whose Fathers Are Known

Type	Name	Title	Royal house	From	To
Sovereign	Apiashal	King	—	?	?
Hale	—	?	?
Samani	—	?	?
Hayani	—	?	?
Ilu-Mer	—	?	?
Yakmesi	—	?	?
Yakmeni	—	?	?
Yazkur-el	—	?	?
Ila-kabkabu	—	?	?
Aminu	—	?	?

;Kings whose Eponyms Are not Known

Type	Name	Title	Royal house	From
Sovereign	Sulili	King	—	21st century BC?
Kikkiya	—	21st century BC?
Akiya	—	21st century BC or early 20th century BC?

Ebla

Ebla: First Eblaite kingdom (complete list) – :*Sagisu, King (c.2680 BC, middle chronology) :*Kun-Damu, King (c.2400, middle chronology) :*Igrish-Halam, King (c.2360, middle chronology) :*Irkab-Damu, King (c.2340, middle chronology) :*Isar-Damu, King (c.2320, middle chronology)

[[Elam]]

Type	Name	Title	Royal house	From	To	Refs
Sovereign	Humbaba	?	—	Around 2700 BC	Around 2680 BC
Humban-Shutur	?	—	?	?
The unnamed king of Awan	King of Awan	Awan dynasty	Around 2580 BC	?
...Lu	?	?
Kur-Ishshak	?	Around 2550 BC
Peli	Around 2500 BC	?
Tata I	?	?
Ukku-Tanhish	?	?
Hishutash	?	?
Shushun-Tarana	?	?
Napi-Ilhush	?	?
Kikku-Siwe-Temti	?	?
Hishep-Ratep I	?	?
Luh-ishan	?	Around 2325 BC
Hishep-Ratep II	Around 2325 BC	?
Emahsini	Around 2315 BC	2311 BC
Helu	?	?
Khita	Around 2250 BC	last1=Edwards	first1=I. E. S.	url=https://archive.org/details/cambridgeancient1971edwa	title=The Cambridge Ancient History	last2=Gadd	first2=C. J.	last3=Hammond	first3=N. G. L.	date=1971	publisher=Cambridge University Press	isbn=978-0-521-07791-0	pages=[444](https://archive.org/details/cambridgeancient1971edwa/page/n468)-445	language=en	url-access=registration}}
Kutik-Inshushinak	Around 2100 BC
The unnamed king of Simashki	King of Shimashki	Shimashki dynasty	?	Around 2100 BC
Gir-Namme I	?	?
Tazitta I	Around 2040 BC	Around 2037 BC
Eparti I	?	Around 2033 BC
Gir-Namme II	Around 2033 BC	?
Tazitta II	?	?
Lurak-Luhhan	Around 2028 BC	2022 BC
Hutran-Temti	?	?
Indattu-Inshushinak I	?	2016 BC
Kindattu	Before 2006 BC	After 2005 BC

References

Footnotes

Literature

Dodson, Aidan and Hilton, Dyan. The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt. Thames & Hudson. 2004.

References

978-0-631-17472-1.
Toby Wilkinson, Royal Annals of Ancient Egypt: The Palermo Stone and Its Associated Fragments, (Kegan Paul International), 2000. p.79
(1994). "A History of Ancient Egypt". Wiley-Blackwell.
[[Kathryn A. Bard. Bard, Kathryn A.]] ''Encyclopedia of the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt''. London; New York: Routledge, 1999, p. 27, {{ISBN. 978-0-415-18589-9.
Toby Wilkinson, Early Dynastic Egypt, Routledge, 1999, pp.83 & 95
Toby Wilkinson, Royal Annals of Ancient Egypt, pp.79 & 258
Clayton (1994) p.32
Clayton (1994) p.42
Dodson & Hilton (2004) p.73
(1931). "Dynasties Élamites d'Awan et de Simaš". Revue d'Assyriologie et d'archéologie orientale.
(1971). "The Cambridge Ancient History". Cambridge University Press.
(2001). "Who's Who in the Ancient Near East". Psychology Press.
D. T. Potts (2016). ''The Archaeology of Elam.'' Cambridge University Press. p. 135.

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