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List of spacecraft with electric propulsion

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In chronological order, this is a partial list spacecrafts that are equipped with electric space propulsion. This includes both cruise engines and/or thrusters for altitude and orbit control. It is not specified whether the given engine is the sole means of propulsion or whether other types of engine are also used on a spacecraft. The list does not claim to be comprehensive.

Chronological overview

Spacecraft nameLaunch dateEnd of lifeThruster typeNo.ModelPropellantSpacecraft customerThruster primeComment
Program 661A Flight AIon engine1CesiumUnited StatesUSAFUnited States
Kosmos 21Pulsed plasma thrusterPTFEUSSRUSSR
Zond 1Pulsed plasma thrusterPTFEUSSRUSSR
SERT 1Ion engine1
1Mercury
CesiumUnited StatesNASAUnited States
Program 661A Flight BIon engine1CesiumUnited StatesUSAFUnited States
Zond 2Pulsed plasma thrusterPTFEUSSRUSSR
Program 661A Flight CIon engine1CesiumUnited StatesUSAFUnited States
SnapshotIon engine1CesiumUnited StatesUSAF/ArmyUnited States
Zond 3Pulsed plasma thrusterPTFEUSSRUSSR
Yantar-1Ion engineArgonUSSRUSSR
Yantar-2Ion engineNitrogenUSSRUSSR
ATS-4Ion engine2CesiumUnited StatesUSAF/NASAUnited States
LES-6Pulsed plasma thruster4PTFEUnited StatesUSAFUnited States
Yantar-3Ion engineAirUSSRUSSR
ATS-5Ion engine2CesiumUnited StatesUSAF/NASAUnited States
SERT 2Ion engine2MercuryUnited StatesNASAUnited States
Yantar-4Ion engineAirUSSRUSSR
Meteor 1-10Hall effect thruster2SPT-60XenonUSSRUSSR
L-4SC-3Pulsed plasma thrusterPTFEJapanISAS
ATS-6Ion engine2CesiumUnited StatesNASAUnited States
Meteor-Priroda 1 (Meteor 1-18)Hall effect thruster2SPT-60XenonUSSRUSSR
Kren-1 (Kosmos-728)Magnetoplasmadynamic thrusterPotassiumUSSRUSSR
TIP-2Pulsed plasma thruster2TSPPSPTFEUnited StatesUS NavyUnited States
Kren-2 (Kosmos-780)Magnetoplasmadynamic thrusterPotassiumUSSRUSSR
Meteor-Priroda 2-1 (Meteor 1-25)Hall effect thruster2SPT-60XenonUSSRUSSR
TIP-3Pulsed plasma thruster2TSPPSPTFEUnited StatesUS NavyUnited States
Meteor-Priroda 2-2 (Meteor 1-28)Hall effect thruster2SPT-50XenonUSSRUSSR
Kust-1Magnetoplasmadynamic thrusterAirUSSRUSSR
Kust-2Magnetoplasmadynamic thrusterAirUSSRUSSR
Astrofizika (Kosmos 1066)Hall effect thruster2SPT-50XenonUSSRUSSR
Kust-3Magnetoplasmadynamic thrusterAirUSSRUSSR
SCATHA (P78-2)Ion source1XenonUnited StatesUSAF/NASAUnited States
Intelsat-5 F-2ResistojetHydrazineUnited StatesITSO/Inmarsat
MS-T4 (Tansei 4)Magnetoplasmadynamic thrusterAmmoniaJapanISAS
ETS-4 (Kiku 3)Pulsed plasma thrusterPTFEJapanNASDAJapan
Nova-1Pulsed plasma thrusterTSPPSPTFEUnited StatesUS NavyUnited States
Meteor-Priroda 2-4 (Meteor 1-31)Hall effect thruster2SPT-50XenonUSSRUSSR
MDT-2APulsed plasma thrusterPTFEChinaChina
Potok 1/Geizer 1 (Kosmos 1366)Hall effect thruster4SPT-70XenonUSSRUSSR
ETS-3 (Kiku 4)Ion engine2MercuryJapanNASDAJapan
Potok 2/Geizer 2 (Kosmos 1540)Hall effect thruster4SPT-70XenonUSSRUSSR
Nova-3Pulsed plasma thrusterTSPPSPTFEUnited StatesUS NavyUnited States
Luch #1 (Kosmos 1700)Hall effect thruster4SPT-70XenonUSSRUSSR
Potok 3/Geizer 3 (Kosmos 1738)Hall effect thruster4SPT-70XenonUSSRUSSR
Plazma-A #1 (Kosmos 1818)Hall effect thruster6SPT-70XenonUSSRUSSR
Plazma-A #2 (Kosmos 1867)Hall effect thruster6SPT-70XenonUSSRUSSR
Start-1Magnetoplasmadynamic thrusterAMPDTAirUSSRUSSR
Start-2Magnetoplasmadynamic thrusterAMPDTArgonUSSRUSSR
Potok 4/Geizer 5 (Kosmos 1888)Hall effect thruster4SPT-70XenonUSSRUSSR
Luch #2 (Kosmos 1897)Hall effect thruster4SPT-70XenonUSSRUSSR
Nova-2Pulsed plasma thrusterTSPPSPTFEUnited StatesUS NavyUnited States
Potok 5/Geizer 6 (Kosmos 1961)Hall effect thruster4SPT-70XenonUSSRUSSR
Luch #3 (Kosmos 2054)Hall effect thruster4SPT-70XenonUSSRUSSR
Potok 6/Geizer 7 (Kosmos 2085)Hall effect thruster4SPT-70XenonUSSRUSSR
Potok 7/Geizer 8 (Kosmos 2172)Hall effect thruster4SPT-70XenonUSSRUSSR
EURECAIon engineRIT-10 (RITA)XenonESAGermany
Telstar 401ArcjetMR-508HydrazineUnited StatesAT&TUnited States
Gals-1Hall effect thruster8SPT-100XenonRussiaRussia
ETS-6 (Kiku 6)Ion engineXIESXenonJapanNASDAJapan
Telstar 402ArcjetMR-508HydrazineUnited StatesAT&TUnited States
Potok 8/Geizer 9 (Kosmos 2291)Hall effect thruster4SPT-70XenonRussiaRussia
Ekspress 1Hall effect thruster8SPT-100XenonRussiaRussia
Luch 4Hall effect thruster4SPT-70XenonRussiaRussia
Space Flyer Unit (SFU)Magnetoplasmadynamic thruster1EPEXHydrazineJapanISAS/NASDAJapan
Potok 9/Geizer 10 (Kosmos 2319)Hall effect thruster4SPT-70XenonRussiaRussia
Telstar 402R (Telstar 4)ArcjetMR-508HydrazineUnited StatesAT&TUnited States
Luch2-1Hall effect thruster4SPT-70XenonRussiaRussia
Gals-2Hall effect thruster8SPT-100XenonRussiaRussia
Ekspress 2Hall effect thruster8SPT-100XenonRussiaRussia
A2100ArcjetMR-510United StatesLockheed/Aerojet
PAS 5 (now: Intelsat 5)Ion engineXIPSXenonUnited StatesPanAmSatUnited States
Kupon-1Hall effect thruster4SPT-70XenonRussiaBank of RussiaRussia
Galaxy 8iIon engineXIPSXenonUnited StatesPanAmSatUnited States
Astra 2AIon engineXIPSXenonLuxembourgSESUnited States
STEX (NROL-8)Hall effect thrusterTAL-D55XenonUnited StatesNRORussia
Deep Space 1Ion engine1NSTARXenonUnited StatesNASAUnited States
Satmex 5 (now: Eutelsat 115 West A)Ion engineXIPSXenonMexicoSatmexUnited States
PAS 6B (now: Intelsat 6B)Ion engineXIPSXenonUnited StatesPanAmSatUnited States
ARGOS (P91-1)ArcjetESEXAmmoniaUnited StatesUSAFUnited States
Orion 3Ion engineXIPSXenonUnited StatesOrion Network SystemsUnited States
Astra 1HIon engineXIPSXenonLuxembourgSESUnited States
Yamal 101Hall effect thruster8SPT-70XenonRussiaGazcomRussia
Yamal 102Hall effect thruster8SPT-70XenonRussiaGazcomRussia
DirecTV 1RIon engine4XIPSXenonUnited StatesDirecTVUnited States
Ekspress-A 1Hall effect thruster8SPT-100XenonRussiaRSCCRussia
Galaxy 10RIon engineXIPSXenonUnited StatesPanAmSatUnited States
Ekspress-A 2Hall effect thruster8SPT-100XenonRussiaRSCCRussia
SESAT 1 (now: Eutelsat 16C)Hall effect thruster8SPT-100XenonFranceEutelsatRussia
Galaxy 4RIon engineXIPSXenonUnited StatesPanAmSatUnited States
Ekspress-A 3Hall effect thruster8SPT-100XenonRussiaRSCCRussia
Potok 10/Geizer 12 (Kosmos 2371)Hall effect thruster4SPT-70XenonRussiaRussia
MightySat II.1Pulsed plasma thrusterPTFEUnited StatesAFRLUnited States
PAS 9 (now: Intelsat 9)Ion engineXIPSXenonUnited StatesPanAmSatUnited States
AMSAT-Phase 3-D (OSCAR-40)ArcjetATOSAmmoniaGermanyAMSATGermany
EO-1Pulsed plasma thrusterPTFEUnited StatesNASAUnited States
PAS 10 (now: Intelsat 10)Ion engineXIPSXenonUnited StatesPanAmSatUnited States
Astra 2CIon engineXIPSXenonLuxembourgSESUnited States
ArtemisIon engine4RIT-10 (RITA) and UK-10(T5)XenonESAGermany
DirecTV 4SIon engine4XIPSXenonUnited StatesDirecTVUnited States
Ekspress-A 1R (Ekspress-A 4)Hall effect thruster8SPT-100(?), KM-5XenonRussiaRSCCRussia
AsiaSat 4Ion engine4XIPSXenonHong KongAsiaSatUnited States
HayabusaIon engine4μ10XenonJapanJAXAJapan
SMART-1Hall effect thruster1PPS-1350XenonESAFrance
Galaxy 13 / Horizons 1Ion engineXIPSXenonUnited StatesJapanPanAmSat/JSATUnited States
Yamal 201Hall effect thruster8SPT-70XenonRussiaGazcomRussia
Yamal 202Hall effect thruster8SPT-70XenonRussiaGazcomRussia
Ekspress-AM 1Hall effect thruster8SPT-100XenonRussiaRSCCRussia
AMC 12 (Astra 4A / Star One C12 / now: NSS 10)Hall effect thruster4SPT-100XenonUnited StatesSES AmericomRussia
Ekspress-AM 2Hall effect thruster8SPT-100XenonRussiaRSCCRussia
Monitor-EHall effect thrusterSPT-100XenonRussiaRoskosmosRussia
MBSat 1 (ABS 2i / now: ABS 4 (Mobisat))Hall effect thruster4SPT-100XenonJapan
BermudaMBCO
Sold to: ABSRussia
Ekspress-AM 3Hall effect thruster8SPT-100XenonRussiaRSCCRussia
AMC 23Hall effect thruster4SPT-100XenonUnited StatesSES AmericomRussia
KazSat-1Hall effect thruster8SPT-70XenonKazakhstanJSC KazSatRussia
IONVacuum arc thruster4μVATTungstenUnited StatesUIUCUnited States
MEASAT-3Ion engine4XIPSXenonMalaysiaMEASATUnited States
TacSat-2Hall effect thruster1BHT-200XenonUnited StatesUSAFUnited States
ETS-8 (Kiku 8)Ion engine4XIESXenonJapanJAXAJapan
FalconSat-3Pulsed plasma thruster4MPACSPTFEUnited StatesUSAFAUnited States
*Dawn*Ion engine3NSTARXenonUnited StatesNASAUnited States
Telstar 11NHall effect thruster4SPT-100XenonUSALoral SkynetRussia
GOCEIon engine2T5XenonESAUnited Kingdom
Sirius FM5 (Radiosat 5)Hall effect thruster4SPT-100XenonUSASirius Satellite RadioRussia
STSAT-2APulsed plasma thrusterSouth KoreaKARISouth Korea
NSS-12Hall effect thruster4SPT-100XenonNetherlandsSES New SkiesRussia
GSAT-4 (Healthsat)Hall effect thruster2
2KM-45
(Unnamed)XenonIndiaISRORussiaIndia
STSAT-2BPulsed plasma thrusterSouth KoreaKARISouth Korea
AEHF-SV-1 (USA-214)Hall effect thruster4BPT-4000 (XR-5)XenonUnited StatesUSAFUnited States
FalconSat-5 (USA-221)Hall effect thrusterBHT-200XenonUnited StatesUSAFUnited States
KazSat-2Hall effect thruster8SPT-70XenonKazakhstanJSC KazSatRussia
Fobos-GruntHall effect thruster3SPT-140XenonRussiaRoskosmosRussia
SES-4Hall effect thruster4SPT-100XenonNetherlandsSES World SkiesRussia
AEHF-SV-2 (USA-235)Hall effect thrusterBPT-4000 (XR-5)XenonUnited StatesUSAFUnited States
SES-5Hall effect thruster4SPT-100XenonNetherlandsSES World SkiesRussia
Kanopus-VHall effect thruster2SPT-50XenonRussiaRoskosmosRussia
TET-1Resistojet1AquajetWaterGermanyDLRGermany
PROITERESPulsed plasma thruster4PTFEJapanOITJapan
Shijian-9A (SJ-9A)Hall effect thruster
Ion engineHET-40
LIPS-200XenonChinaCOSTINDChina
Yamal 402Hall effect thruster4SPT-100XenonRussiaGazcomRussia
STRaND-1Pulsed plasma thrusterUnited KingdomSSTLUnited Kingdom
Alphasat (Inmarsat-4A F4)Hall effect thruster4PPS-1350XenonUnited KingdomInmarsat/ESAFrance
AEHF-SV-3 (USA-246)Hall effect thrusterBPT-4000 (XR-5)XenonUnited StatesUSAFUnited States
CUSatPulsed plasma thrusterPTFEUSACornell UniversityUSA
STSAT-3Hall effect thruster1XenonSouth KoreaKARISouth Korea
DubaiSat-2Hall effect thruster1XenonUnited Arab EmiratesMBRSCSouth Korea Japan
WrenPulsed plasma thruster4GermanyStaDoKoGermany
Ekspress-AM5Hall effect thrusterSPT-100XenonRussiaRSCCRussia
KazSat-3Hall effect thrusterSPT-100XenonKazakhstanJSC KazSatRussia
Deimos-2Hall effect thrusterHEPSXenonSpainDeimos ImagingSouth Korea
Hodoyoshi 4Ion engine1MIPSXenonJapanUniversity of Tokyo/NESTRAJapan
MKA-FKI PN2 (Vernov)Pulsed plasma thrusterAPPT-45-2PTFERussiaRussian Academy of SciencesRussia
Ekspress-AM6 (Eutelsat 53A)Hall effect thrusterSPT-100XenonRussiaRSCCRussia
*Hayabusa2*Ion engine4XenonJapanJAXAJapan
PROCYONIon engine1I-COUPSXenonJapanJAXA/University of TokyoJapan
Yamal 401Hall effect thruster4SPT-100XenonRussiaGazcomRussia
ABS-3AIon engine4XIPS-25XenonBermudaABSUnited States
Satmex 7 (now: Eutelsat 115 West B)Ion engine4XIPS-25XenonMexicoSatmexUnited States
BRICsat-PVacuum arc thruster4μCATUnited StatesUSNAUnited States
AeroCube 8AElectrospray Thruster1SiEProIonic liquidUnited StatesThe Aerospace CorporationUnited States
AeroCube 8BElectrospray Thruster1SiEProIonic liquidUnited StatesThe Aerospace CorporationUnited States
KaiTuo-1A (XinJiShu YanZheng-2)Hall effect thruster1
1LHT-100
(Unnamed)XenonChinaChina
Lisa PathfinderElectrospray Thruster8CMNTIonic Liquid PropellantESAUnited States
Horyu-4 (AEGIS)Vacuum arc thrusterJapanKITJapan
SES-9Ion engine4XIPS-25XenonLuxembourgSESUnited States
ABS-2AIon engine4XIPS-25XenonBermudaABSUnited States
Satmex 9 (now: Eutelsat 117 West B)Ion engine4XIPS-25XenonMexicoSatmexUnited States
Shijian-17 (SJ-17)Hall effect thrusterLHT-100XenonChinaCASTChina
AeroCube 8CElectrospray Thruster1SiEProIonic liquidUnited StatesThe Aerospace CorporationUnited States
AeroCube 8DElectrospray Thruster1SiEProIonic liquidUnited StatesThe Aerospace CorporationUnited States
AOBA-VELOX IIIPulsed plasma thruster1PTFESingapore
JapanNTU
KITSingapore
Hispasat 36W-1 (SmallGEO)Hall effect thruster8SPT-100XenonSpainHispasatRussia
SES-10Hall effect thrusterSPT-100XenonLuxembourgSESRussia
Shijian-13 (SJ-13)Ion engine4LIPS-200XenonChinaCAST & ChinaSatcomChina
GSAT-9 (South Asian Satellite)Hall effect thruster4KM-45XenonIndiaISRORussia
SES-15Ion engine4XIPS-25XenonUnited StatesSES World SkiesUnited States
Eutelsat 172BHall effect thruster4SPT-140XenonFranceEutelsatRussia
PEGASUSPulsed plasma thruster4PTFEAustriaFH Wiener NeustadtAustria
Shijian-18Ion engineLIPS-300XenonChinaChina
VENμSHall effect thruster2IHET-300XenonIsrael
FranceISA
CNESIsrael
AsiaSat-9Hall effect thruster4SPT-100XenonHong KongAsiaSatRussia
SLATS (Tsubame)Ion engine1XIESXenonJapanJapan
Flock-3p'FEEP1IFM NanoIndiumUnited StatesPlanet LabsAustria
SES-14Hall effect thrusterSPT-140XenonLuxembourgSESRussia
SES-12Hall effect thrusterSPT-140XenonLuxembourgSESRussia
NovaSARResistojet
Quad confinement thruster1
1
QCT-200XenonUnited KingdomSSTL/ADS UKUnited Kingdom
BepiColomboIon engine4T6Xenon
JapanESA & JAXAUnited Kingdom
(undisclosed)FEEP4IFM NanoIndiumAustria
(undisclosed)FEEP1IFM NanoIndiumAustria
FalconSat-6Hall effect thrusterBHT-200XenonUnited StatesUSAFUnited States
UWE-4FEEP4NanoFEEPGalliumGermanyUniversität WürzburgGermany
AOBA-VELOX-IVPulsed plasma thruster4PTFESingapore
JapanNTU
KITSingapore
Xiaoxiang-1 03Electrospray thrusterChinaSpacety Aerospace Corp.China
(undisclosed)FEEP4IFM NanoIndiumAustria
PSN-6 (Nusantara Satu)XenonIndonesiaPT Pasifik Satelit NusantaraUnited States
(undisclosed)FEEP7IFM NanoIndiumAustria
Starlink L0Hall effect thruster60KryptonUnited StatesSpaceXUnited States
Yamal 601Hall effect thruster4SPT-100XenonRussiaGazpromRussia
(undisclosed)FEEP4IFM NanoIndiumAustria
(undisclosed)FEEP4IFM NanoIndiumAustria
Starlink Launch 1-28 (V1)11 Nov 2019-26 May 2021Hall effect thrusterKryptonUSASpaceXUSA
JCSAT-18/Kacific-117 Dec 2019Ion engine4XIPSXenonSKY Perfect JSAT / KacificUnited States
Shijian-20(SJ-20)Ion engineLIPS-300XenonChinaCASTChina
Eutelsat KONNECT17 Jan 2020Spacebus Neo Xenon Propulsion System (XPS)Xenon
APStar 6D9 July 2020Ion engineLIPS-300XenonChinaChina
SES-1724 Oct 2021Hall effect thrusterXenonLuxembourgSESFrance
Double Asteroid Redirection Test24 Nov 202126 Sep 2022Next-C Ion EngineXenonUSANASAUSA
Hotbird 13F15 Oct 2022Hall effect thrusterPPS5000 (TBC)XenonFranceEutelsatFrance
Hotbird 13G3 Nov 2022Hall effect thrusterPPS5000 (TBC)XenonFranceEutelsatFrance
MicroHETSat1 Dec 2023Hall Effect ThrusterSitael HT100XenonItalyESAItaly
Ionozond (Ionosfera M 1, 2)4 Nov 2024Pulsed plasma thrusterAPPT-95PTFERussiaRoskosmosRussia
GSAT-2018 Nov 2024Hall effect thrusterXenonIndiaISROIndia
Tianwen-229 May 2026Ion engineLIPS-300XenonChinaChina

Planned missions

Spacecraft nameLaunch dateThruster typeModelPropellantSpacecraft customerThruster primeComment
ASTER2025Hall effect thrusterPMHTXenonBrazilAEBBrazil
ETS-92025Hall effect thrusterXenonJapanJAXAJapan
NASA Gateway2025Hall effect thrusterXenonUSANASAUSA
AQUIS2025Vacuum Arc JetTungstenGermanySpace Team AachenGermany
Soyuz-Sat-O?Pulsed plasma thrusterAPPT-155PTFERussia
BelarusRussia
ANU plasma thruster?Helicon Double Layer Thruster (HDLT)AustraliaAustralian National University/ EADS-Astrium/Surrey Space Center

References

References

  1. "Present and Future of Space Electric Propulsion in Europe".
  2. "paper From RNII to Keldysh Research Center on page 56 of the magazine Земля и Вселенная #5 2013".
  3. "IAC Archive — IAC-07/C4/4/1".
  4. "Review of works on Electric propulsion at Keldysh Research Center".
  5. "GSLV D3/GSAT-4 Brochure".
  6. "ISRO to Test Electric Propulsion on Satellites".
  7. (Dec 2016). "2016 International Conference on ElectroMagnetic Interference & Compatibility (INCEMIC)". IEEE.
  8. "Центр Келдыша разработал новый электроракетный двигатель".
  9. HUANG, WENSHENG. (Dec 2017). "Electric rockets power bigger share".
  10. "MediaRoom - News Releases/Statements".
  11. "Kacific1 Milestones: Bus and Payload Integration Complete – Kacific".
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