List of rulers of Auvergne

History

In the 7th century Auvergne was disputed between the Franks and Aquitanians. It was later conquered by the Carolingians, and was integrated for a time into the kingdom of Aquitaine. The counts of Auvergne slowly became autonomous.

In the 10th century Auvergne became a disputed territory between the count of Poitiers and the counts of Toulouse.

In the Middle Ages Auvergne was broken into four feudal domains:

• the county of Auvergne (created around 980)
• the bishopric of Clermont or ecclesiastical county of Clermont (created around 980 as a sort of counter-power)
• the dauphinate of Auvergne or the worldly county of Clermont (formed around 1155 after a coup but not formally created until 1302)
• the duchy of Auvergne or the land of Auvergne (formed from the royal domain of Auvergne in 1360)

Auvergne was integrated in turn into the appanages of Alphonse, count of Poitou and Toulouse (1241–1271) and of John, duke of Berry and Auvergne and count of Poitiers and Montpensier (1360–1416).

During the Hundred Years' War Auvergne faced numerous raids and revolts, including the Tuchin Revolt.

In 1434 the Duchy of Auvergne passed to the House of Bourbon.

Quite contemporaneously, the County of Auvergne passed to the House of La Tour d'Auvergne, and upon its extinction in 1531 it passed to Catherine de' Medici before becoming a royal domain.

In 1436, the Dauphinate of Auvergne passed to the House of Bourbon-Montpensier.

Elected Counts of Auvergne (480–963)

[[Visigoth]] period

• Victorius (480–489)
• Apollinaris (489-515)

[[Franks|Frankish]] [[Merovingian]] period

• Hortensius (516-532)
• Sigivald (532)
• Becco (533)
• Hortensius (533-?)
• Evodius ?
• Georgius ?
• Britianus ?
• Firminus (c. 555 or 558, deposed)
• Sallustus (duke c. 555 or 558–560)
• Firminus (restored, 560–571)
• Venerandus (before 585)
• Nicetius I (duke and count c. 585)
• Nicetius II (c. 585)
• Eulalius (duke 585–590)
  • part of Austrasia (592–595)
  • part of Burgundy (595–613)
  • part of Austrasia (612–639)
• Bobon of Neustria (639–656)
• Hector of Neustria (c. 655–675)
• Bodilon of Austrasia (c. 675)
• Calminius of Neustria (c. 670s)
• Genesius (c. 680s)
• Haribert of Neustria (c. 690s)
  • part of Neustria until 751

[[Franks|Frankish]] [[Carolingian]] period

• Ithier (c. 758)
• Blandin (760–763)
• Chilping (763–765)
• Bertmond (765–778)
• Icterius (778–?)
• Warin I (818-c.820)
• Warin II (c.820–839), son of previous
• Gerard (839–841), supposed brother of previous
• William I (841–846)
• (846–868)
• Bernard II Plantapilosa (864–886), married Ermengard, daughter of, Bernard I
• William II the Pious (886–918), son of Bernard II, also duke of Aquitaine.
• William III the Younger (restored, 918–926), son of Adelinda, daughter of Bernard Plantapilosa, also duke of Aquitaine.
• Acfred of Aquitaine (926–927), brother of previous.

After the death of Acfred, who left the comital fisc completely diminished, there appeared no successor who could control the entire Auvergne, with Velay. Several relatives of surrounding regions made claims. Below are the dates of their effective control.

• Ebalus Manzer (927–934), great-grandson of Gerard
• Raymond Pons, Count of Toulouse (934–942)
• Raymond, Count of Toulouse (942–961)
• William (IV) (961–963), son of Ebalus Manzer, also Duke of Aquitaine.

Hereditary Counts of Auvergne and the Dauphinate (963-1653/1693)

House of Auvergne

Main article: :fr:Comté d'Auvergne, :fr:Dauphiné d'Auvergne

From the viscounty of Clermont, then vassal to the elective county of Auvergne, came the so-called House of Auvergne, a designation used by modern historians for the family that ruled consistently the Auvergne region from 963. After a period of comital vacancy, the viscounts of Clermont were elevated as successors of the elective counts: the county became hereditary.

Viscounts of Clermont

• Armand of Clermont (?–?)
• Robert I of Clermont (?–?)
• Robert II of Clermont (?–?)
• Robert III of Clermont (?–?), son of Robert II

The splitting of the county and the Dauphinate

In 1155, count William VII the Young was usurped by his uncle, count William VIII the Old. However, William VIII left a smaller portion for his nephew to rule. In 1209, the county of William VIII the Old would be made smaller after a partial confiscation by Philip II of France, later to be made in 1360 as the Duchy of Auvergne.

As for William VII the Young, he was able to maintain his status in part of his county, especially Beaumont, Chamalières, and Montferrand. From this smaller county raised, in 1302, the Dauphinate of Auvergne.

Based in the fact that William VII's wife was the daughter of the dauphin de Viennois, Guigues IV, and that William VII's descendants, in virtue of the Viennois blood, used the surname * Dauphin*, the majority of authors anticipate the formalization of the dauphinate in 1302 and choose to call William VII and his successors already as dauphins of Auvergne, for a clear distinction from the descendants of William VIII. Still others, out of convenience, choose to call these successors the counts-dauphins of Auvergne.

Partitions of Auvergne under Auvergne family

Table of rulers

Note: The parallel existence of the usurpers of the Elder County of Auvergne and of the usurped Younger County-Dauphinate, who often carried the same first names, also complicates things. To avoid confusion, the numbering system used here is continuous, and Dauphin is used as part of the name where applicable.

The successors of the Auvergne family in the county and the dauphinate

Bishops of Clermont

The title of bishop of Clermont is used from 1160 onwards. Before then they were called bishop of Arvernes. In 2002, the Bishopric of Clermont was incorporated into the Archbishopric of Clermont-Ferrand.

List of bishops of Arvernes

• Saint Austromoine (3rd or 4th century)
• Urbicus
• Legonius
• Saint Illidius (also called Allyre or Alyre) († 384)
• Nepotianus
• Artemius
• Venerand
• Rusticus
• Namatius (also called Namacius or Namace)
• Eparchius
• Saint Apollinarius I (471–486)
• Abrunculus
• Euphrasius († 515)
• Apollinarius II
• Saint Quintien (about 523)
• Gallus of Clermont (Gallus I) (about 486/525-551)
• Cautin (about 554–572)
• Saint Avitus (Avitus I) (572–594)
• Caesarius (627)
• Saint Gallus (Gallus II) (about 650)
• Genesius († 662)
• Gyroindus (660)
• Felix
• Garivaldus
• Saint-Priest (also called Saint Prix) (666–676)
• Avitus II (676–691)
• Bonitus
• Nordebertus
• Proculus
• Stephanus (Étienne I) (761)
• Adebertus (785)
• Bernouin (about 811)
• Stabilis (823–860)
• Sigon (about 863)
• Egilmar of Clermont (875–891)
• Adalard (910)
• Arnold (about 912)
• Étienne II of Clermont (about 945–976)
• Begon (about 980–1010)
• Étienne III of Clermont (about 1010–1014 / 1013)
• Étienne IV (1014–1025)
• Rencon (1030–1053)
• Étienne V of Polignac (about 1053–1073)
• Guillaume of Chamalières (Guillaume I) (1073–1076)
• Durand (1077–1095)
• Guillaume of Baffie (Guillaume II) (1096)
• Pierre Roux (Pierre I) (1105–1111)
• Aimeri (1111–1150)
• Étienne VI of Mercœur (1151–1169)

List of bishops of Clermont

• Ponce of Clairvaux (1170–1189)
• Gilbert I (1190–1195)
• Robert of Auvergne (1195–1227)
• Hughes of la Tour du Pin (1227–1249)
• Guy of la Tour du Pin (1250–1286)
• Aimar of Cros (1286–1297)
• Jean Aicelin (Jean I) (1298–1301)
• Pierre of Cros (Pierre II) (1302–1304)
• Aycelin of Montaigut (also called Aubert) (1307–1328)
• Arnaud Roger of Comminges (1328–1336)
• Raymond of Aspet (1336–1340)
• Étienne Aubert (Étienne VII) (was also Pope Innocent VI from 1352–1362) (1340–1342)
• Pierre André (Pierre III) (1342–1349)
• Pierre of Aigrefeuille (Pierre IV) (1349–1357)
• Jean de Mello (Jean II) (1357–1376)
• Henri of La Tour (1376–1415)
• Martin Gouge de Charpaignes (1415–1444)
• Jacques of Comborn (Jacques I) (1445–1474)
• Antoine Allemand (Antoine I) (1475–1476)
• Cardinal Charles II, Duke of Bourbon (Charles I) (1476–1488)
• Charles of Bourbon (Charles II) (1489–1504)
• Jacques of Amboise (Jacques II) (1505–1516)
• Thomas Duprat (1517–1528)
• Guillaume Duprat (Guillaume III) (1529–1560)
• Cardinal Bernard Saliviati (Bernard II) (1561–1567)
• Antoine of Saint-Nectaire (Antoine II) (1567–1584)
• Cardinal François de La Rochefoucauld (François I) (1585–1609)
• Antoine Rose (Antoine III) (1609–1614)
• Joachim of Estaing (1614–1650)
• Louis of Estaing (Louis I) (1650–1664)
• Gilbert of Veiny d'Arbouze (Gilbert II) (1664–1682)
  • Michel of Castagnet (is appointed but does not get his bull and returns)
• Claude II of Saint-Georges (1684–1687)
• François Bochart of Saron (François II) (1687–1715)
• Louis of Balzac Illiers d'Entragues (Louis II) (1716–1717)
• Jean-Baptiste Massillon (1717–1742)
• François-Marie Le Maistre de La Garlaye (1743–1775)
• François of Bonnal (François III) (1776–1800)
  • Jean-François Périer (constitutional bishop) (1791–1802)
• Charles-Antoine-Henri Du Valk de Dampierre (1802–1833)
• Louis-Charles Féron (1833–1879)
• Jean-Pierre Boyer (1879–1892)
• Pierre-Marie Belmont (1893–1921)
• Jean-François-Étienne Marnas (1921–1932)
• Gabriel-Emmanuel-Joseph Piguet (1933–1952)
• Pierre-Abel-Louis Chappot de la Chanonie (1953–1973)
• Jean Louis Joseph Dardel (1974–1995)

List of archbishops of Clermont-Ferrand

• Hippolyte Simon (1996–2016)
• Francois Kalist (2016–present)

Dukes of Auvergne

The Duchy of Auvergne was created in 1360 by John II of France, out of part of the Elder County of Auvergne, confiscated by Philip II of France in 1209.

List of dukes of Auvergne

• John, Duke of Berry (1360–1416), first husband of Joan II, Countess of Auvergne
• Marie of Berry (1416–1434) daughter of John
  • John I, Duke of Bourbon (1416–1434), husband of Marie
• Charles I, Duke of Bourbon (1434–1456), son of Marie and John I
• John II, Duke of Bourbon (1456–1488), son of Charles I
• Charles II, Duke of Bourbon (1488), son of Charles I
• Peter II, Duke of Bourbon (1488–1503), son of Charles I
• Suzanne, Duchess of Bourbon (1503–1521), daughter of Peter II
  • Charles III, Duke of Bourbon (1505–1527), husband of Susanna

After his death in 1527, the title was confiscated and passed to the royal domain.

• Louise of Savoy (1467–1531), granddaughter of Charles I, Duke of Bourbon through her mother, Margaret of Bourbon

Louise confronted Charles III's right to succession with the support of her son, King Francis I of France. After her death in 1531, the title passed to the royal domain.

• Charles X of France (1757–1824)

References

References

1. Some authors have named William VII and his descendants ''counts of Clermont'' (after the viscounty from which the family emerged), as a way to mark them as the ''legitimate line''. However, this risks confusion with the episcopal County of Clermont in Auvergne, and also with the unrelated [[County of Clermont-en-Beauvaisis]].
2. Some authors create a new numbering starting with the first dauphins even though the dauphinate did not really begin until 1302. Others choose to reestablish, beginning with William the Young, the numbering of the viscounts of Clermont who became counts of Auvergne, particularly for the dauphins named Robert.
3. The numbering of the counts named William follows that of the elective counts. However, the most traditional counting does not include [[William III, Duke of Aquitaine]] as a ''de facto'' count of Auvergne.
4. Sauxillanges, 402, p. 311.
5. Christian SETTIPANI, ''La noblesse du Midi carolingien: études sur quelques grandes familles d'Acquitaine et du Languedoc du IXe au XIe siècle, Toulousain, Périgord, Limousin, Poitou, Auvergne'', Occasional Publications UPR, 2004 (ISBN 978-1-900934-04-6).
6. According to Pontiari, E. (ed.) (1927-8), ''De rebus gestis Rogerii Calabriæ et Siciliæ comitis et Roberti Guiscardi ducis fratris eius'', (Bologna) (“Malaterra”) IV.8, p. 90, Emma was intended to marry [[Philip I of France]], but her father didn't know he was still married to [[Bertha of Holland]], and it was [[Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse]] who arranged for her to marry William VI. This could only have happened in 1092, probably between the separation of the royal couple, and the beginning of the bigamous marriage of the king to [[Bertrade of Montfort]].
7. Baluze (1708) Auvergne, Tome II, p. 59.
8. Baluze contests historians who consider Robert's wife to be Beatrice, daughter of [[Guigues III of Albon]]. See [https://books.google.com/books?id=D5VFAAAAcAAJ Baluze, Histoire généalogique de la maison d'Auvergne, tome 1, pag 60].
9. A previous marriage to Joanna of Calabria is mentioned in a spurious document. See Baluze (1708) Auvergne, Tome II, p. 62.
10. He is alternatively named Robert I Dauphin, thus restarting the numbering. In the present table the numbering will continue from the original county of Auvergne.
11. The numbering in the Dauphinate starts from where the division left it; He was the eighth William in this part of the county.
12. Somes sources state him as I or II, depending on whether his grandfather was named ''Robert'' or simply ''Dauphin'' For the reason of the numbering on the present table see footnote on Robert IV Dauphin.
13. [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1041285c/f169.image#ES Histoire généalogique de la maison d'Auvergne, Livre 1, pag. 103]
14. [https://books.google.com/books?id=D5VFAAAAcAAJ Histoire généalogique de la maison d'Auvergne, Livre 1, pag. 110]