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List of political parties in Brazil

None

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Brazil has a multi-party system since 1979, when the country's military dictatorship disbanded an enforced two-party system and allowed the creation of multiple parties. All candidates for federal, state, Federal District, and municipal offices must be nominated by a political party. Independent politicians are not allowed to run for office in Brazil.

The Brazilian National Congress has been since characterized by political fragmentation, reaching the apex of 35 in 2018, 30 of which were represented in congress after the 2018 general election, with an effective number of parties of 16.5. An electoral threshold introduced in 2017, which restricted access to party subsidies and free party political broadcasts, combined with the end of coalitions in proportional elections, has caused this number to decrease since. Since 2021, parties are allowed to unite for a minimum of four years, sharing a common statute and leadership, under party federations.

Since the 2022 general election, the Liberal Party (PL), the Workers' Party (PT), the Brazil Union (UNIÃO), the Progressives (PP), the Social Democratic Party (PSD), the Brazilian Democratic Movement (MDB) and the Republicans together control over 80% of the Brazilian Congress, along with over 70% of the mayors in municipalities.

Brazilian parties have access to party subsidies in the form of Fundo Partidário () and Fundo Eleitoral (), and a system of free party political broadcasts during election time known as the horário eleitoral gratuito. Most of the following parties were registered on the Electoral Court (''''Tribunal Superior Eleitoral'''') as of 1999. In elections, Brazilian political parties are identified by a two-digit number which is also used to identify that party's candidates.--

Since 1982, Brazilian political parties have been given an electoral number to make it easier for illiterate people to vote. Initially, it was a one-digit number: 1 for PDS, 2 for PDT, 3 for PT, 4 for PTB, and 5 for PMDB. When it became clear that there was going to be more than nine parties, two-digit numbers were assigned, with the first five parties having a "1" added to their former one-digit number (PDS becoming number 11, PDT 12, PT 13, PTB 14, and PMDB 15). Political parties often change their names, but they can retain their number.

Active parties

Parties with representation in the National Congress

LogoPartyIdeologyPolitical positionLeader(s)ChamberSenateAssembliesGovernors
Liberal Party (Brazil, 2006)}}"[[File:2023_logo_of_the_Liberal_Party_(Brazil,_2006).svg90px]]Liberal Party
*Partido Liberal***PL**Right-wing populism
BolsonarismRight-wing to far-rightValdemar Costa Neto
Workers' Party (Brazil)}}"[[File:PT_(Brazil)_logo_2021.svg90px]]Workers' Party
*Partido dos Trabalhadores***PT**Social democracy
LulismCentre-left to left-wingEdinho Silva
Brazil Union}}"[[File:União_Brasil_logo.svg90px]]Brazil Union
*União Brasil***UNIÃO**Liberal conservatism
Economic liberalismCentre-rightAntônio de Rueda
Progressistas}}"[[File:Logo_Progressistas_sem_slogan.png90px]]Progressives
*Progressistas***PP**Big tent
Liberal conservatismCentre-rightCiro Nogueira
Republicans (Brazil)}}"[[File:Logo of Republicanos.png120px]]Republicans
*Republicanos***Repub.**Conservatism
Christian rightCentre-right to right-wingMarcos Pereira
Social Democratic Party (Brazil, 2011)}}"[[File:PSD_Brazil_logo.svg90px]]Social Democratic Party
*Partido Social Democrático***PSD**Big tent
Economic liberalismCentre to centre-rightGilberto Kassab
Brazilian Democratic Movement}}"[[File:Brazilian_Democratic_Movement_logo.svg90px]]Brazilian Democratic Movement
*Movimento Democrático Brasileiro***MDB**Big tent
Economic liberalismCentre to centre-rightBaleia Rossi
Podemos (Brazil)}}"[[File:Logo Podemos 20.png90px]]We Can
*Podemos***PODE**Liberal conservatismCentre-rightRenata Abreu
Democratic Labour Party (Brazil)}}"[[File:LogoPDT.svg90px]]Democratic Labour Party
*Partido Democrático Trabalhista***PDT**Labourism
Left-wing nationalismCentre-left to left-wingCarlos Lupi
Brazilian Socialist Party}}"[[File:Logo of the Brazilian Socialist Party (wordmark color).svg90px]]Brazilian Socialist Party
*Partido Socialista Brasileiro***PSB**Social democracy
ProgressivismCentre-leftJoão Henrique Campos
[[File:Logo of the Brazilian Social Democracy Party (2023).svg90px]]Brazilian Social Democracy Party
*Partido da Social Democracia Brasileira***PSDB**LiberalismCentreMarconi Perillo
[[File:Psol_ziraldo_(roxo).png90px]]Socialism and Liberty Party
*Partido Socialismo e Liberdade***PSOL**Democratic socialism
Anti-capitalism
ProgressivismLeft-wingPaula Coradi
[[File:PCdoB_logo.svg90px]]Communist Party of Brazil
*Partido Comunista do Brasil***PCdoB**Communism
Marxism-LeninismLeft-wingLuciana Santos
[[File:Logo_of_Avante_(Brazil).png90px]]Forward
*Avante***Avante**Labourism
Christian solidarism
Big tentCentreLuis Tibé
New Party (Brazil)}}"[[File:NOVO_Logo_2023.png90px]]New Party
*Partido Novo***NOVO**Conservative liberalism
Right-libertarianismRight-wingEduardo Ribeiro
Solidarity (Brazil)}}"[[File:Logomarca do Partido Solidariedade.png90px]]Solidarity
*Solidariedade***Solid.**Social democracy
Third Way
Big tentCentrePaulinho da Força
[[File:Logomarca_Partido_Renovação_Democrática.png90px]]Democratic Renewal Party
*Partido Renovação Democrática***PRD**Big tent
National conservatismCentre-right to right-wingMarcus Vinícius Neskau
Green Party (Brazil)}}"[[File:PV_Logo.svg90px]]Green Party
*Partido Verde***PV**Green politics
Green liberalismCentre-leftJosé Luiz Penna
Cidadania}}"[[File:Logomarca_Partido_Cidadania.png120px]]Citizenship
*Cidadania***Cidad.**last1=Silvafirst1=José Benedito dalast2=Siqueirafirst2=Andrétitle=Cidadania: o velho ‘Partidão’ ficou liberalurl=https://veja.abril.com.br/politica/cidadania-o-velho-partidao-ficou-liberal/website=Vejalanguage=ptquote=The change is not just cosmetic: the party has abandoned the Marxism-Leninism of the old days and the 'democratic socialism' of the years after the fall of the Berlin Wall to embrace a combination that unites the defense of economic liberalism with a strong progressive discourse in the social area.
The move is not accidental. In recent months, the party has attracted various political renewal groups such as *RenovaBR*, *Agora!*, *Livres* and *Acredito*, all guided by a certain humanist liberalism and imbued with the pretension of building an alternative to the polarization between the right, represented by Bolsonaro, and the left, still led by Lula and the PT.trans-title=*Cidadania*: the old "*Partidão*" became liberalurl-access=subscriptiondate=3 January 2020access-date=16 July 2025}}
ProgressivismCentreComte Bittencourt
Sustainability Network}}"[[File:Logomarca_da_Rede_Sustentabilidade_(REDE),_do_Brasil_(cropped).png90px]]Sustainability Network
*Rede Sustentabilidade***REDE**Green politicsCentre-leftPaulo Lamac,
Iaraci Dias

Parties without representation in the National Congress

LogoPartyIdeologyPolitical positionLeader(s)AssembliesBrazilian Labour Renewal Party}}"Act (Brazil)}}"National Mobilization}}"Brazilian Woman's Party}}"Christian Democracy (Brazil)}}"Workers' Cause Party}}"Brazilian Communist Party}}"United Socialist Workers' Party}}"Popular Unity (Brazil)}}"Mission (political party)}}"
[[File:PRTB-LOGO-04-1024x393.png90px]]Brazilian Labour Renewal Party
Partido Renovador Trabalhista Brasileiro**PRTB**Conservatism
JanismoRight-wing to far-rightLeonardo Avalanche,
Pablo Marçal
[[File:Logotipo_do_partido_Agir.svg90px]]Act
Agir**AGIR**Autistic people's interestsCentrismDaniel Tourinho
[[File:Logomarca_Partido_Mobiliza.png90px]]National Mobilization
Mobilização Nacional**Mobiliza**Brazilian nationalism
Third-worldism
Big tentCentre-rightAntonio Massarollo
The Democrat
O Democrata**Democrata**Social conservatism
Anti-feminismCentre-rightSuêd Haidar
[[File:Christian_Democracy_(Brazil)_logo.png100px]]Christian Democracy
Democracia Cristã**DC**Christian democracyCentre-rightJosé Maria Eymael
[[File:Logo_PCO_Institucional.svg120px]]Workers' Cause Party
Partido da Causa Operária**PCO**Trotskyism
Anti-AmericanismFar-leftRui Costa Pimenta
[[File:PCB logo.svg120px]]Brazilian Communist Party
Partido Comunista Brasileiro**PCB**Marxism-LeninismFar-leftEdmilson Costa
[[File:Logo_PSTU.png100px]]United Socialist Workers' Party
Partido Socialista dos Trabalhadores Unificado**PSTU**Trotskyism
MorenismoFar-leftZé Maria
Popular Unity
Unidade Popular**UP**Revolutionary socialism
Anti-capitalism
Anti-racismFar-leftLéo Péricles
[[File:Partido Missão logo (dark).svg100px]]Mission
Missão**MISSÃO**National liberalism
Bukelism
Social conservatismRight-wingRenan Santos

Party federations

On 28 September 2021, Law No. 14,208 was enacted, establishing "federations" (). These federations are associations between parties, considered as a single party in elections and legislative activities such as the creation of caucuses and committees. The associated parties must belong to the federation for at least four years from the date of its registration, with penalties if they leave before the deadline.

The establishment of party federations followed the abolition of coalitions in proportional elections, which had functioned as single parties in seat allocation. This change was implemented through Constitutional Amendment No. 97 of 2017, which also introduced an electoral threshold for future parliamentary elections. Parties and federations that surpass this threshold gain access to public subsidies through the Party Fund () and are entitled to free advertising on radio and television.

Below are listed the federations currently registered with the Superior Electoral Court:

FederationPresidentRepresentationPartiesDeputiesSenatorsAssemb.
Brazil of Hope Federation
*Federação Brasil da Esperança*Luciana SantosWorkers' Party (Brazil)}}"PT
PCdoB
Green Party (Brazil)}}"PV
PSDB Cidadania Federation
*Federação PSDB Cidadania*Marconi PerilloPSDB
Cidadania}}"Cidadania
PSOL REDE Federation
*Federação PSOL REDE*Paula CoradiPSOL
Sustainability Network}}"REDE

Extinct parties

This list presents the parties of the current Sixth Republic that were once registered with the Superior Electoral Court, but have ceased to exist. The existence of all these parties has ended by the result of mergers.

  • Democrats - DEM (Democratas)
  • Party of the Nation's Retirees - PAN (Partido dos Aposentados da Nação)
    • PDC (Partido Democrata Cristão)
  • Democratic Social Party - PDS (Partido Democrático Social)
  • Workers' General Party - PGT (Partido Geral dos Trabalhadores)
  • Humanist Party of Solidarity - PHS (Partido Humanista da Solidariedade)
  • Liberal Party (1985) - PL (Partido Liberal)
  • Free Fatherland Party - PPL (Partido Pátria Livre)
  • Progressive Party (1993) - PP (Partido Progressista)
  • Reform Progressive Party - PPR (Partido Progressista Reformador)
  • Party of Reconstruction of the National Order - PRONA (Partido de Reedificação da Ordem Nacional)
  • Republican Party of the Social Order - PROS (Partido Republicano da Ordem Social)
  • Progressive Republican Party - PRP (Partido Republicano Progressista)
  • Social Christian Party - PSC (Partido Social Cristão)
  • Social Democratic Party (1987) - PSD (Partido Social Democrático)
  • Social Liberal Party - PSL (Partido Social Liberal)
  • Social Labour Party (1983) - PST (Partido Social Trabalhista)
  • Brazilian Labour Party (1981) - PTB (Partido Trabalhista Brasileiro)
  • Renewal Labour Party - PTR (Partido Trabalhista Renovador)
  • Patriot (Patriota)

Historical parties

This list presents the parties that never reached the Sixth Republic. Due to the large number of parties that were dissolved, especially during the First and Second Republics, it is not intended to be an exhaustive list.

[[Empire of Brazil|Imperial Brazil]] (1822–1889)

  • Conservative Party (Partido Conservador)
  • Liberal Party (Partido Liberal)
  • Progressive League (Liga Progressista)

[[First Brazilian Republic|First]] and [[Second Brazilian Republic|Second]] Republics (1889–1937)

  • Paulista Republican Party - PRP (Partido Republicano Paulista)
  • Rio-grandense Republican Party - PRR (Partido Republicano Rio-Grandense)
  • Minas Gerais Republican Party - PRM (Partido Republicano Mineiro)
  • Fluminense Republican Party - PRF (Partido Republicano Fluminense)
  • Federal Republican Party - PRF (Partido Republicano Federal)
  • Conservative Republican Party - PRC (Partido Republicano Conservador)
  • Democratic Party - PD (Partido Democrático)
  • Liberating Party - PL (Partido Libertador)
  • Brazilian Black Front - FNB (Frente Negra Brasileira)
  • Catholic Electoral League (Liga Eleitoral Católica)
  • Brazilian Integralist Action - AIB (Ação Integralista Brasileira)

[[Fourth Brazilian Republic|Fourth Republic]] (1945–1964)

  • National Democratic Union - UDN (União Democrática Nacional)
  • Brazilian Labour Party (1945) - PTB (Partido Trabalhista Brasileiro)
    • PSB (Partido Socialista Brasileiro)
  • Orienting Labour Party - POT (Partido Orientador Trabalhista)
    • PDC (Partido Democrata Cristão)
  • Social Democratic Party (1945) - PSD (Partido Social Democrático)
  • Republican Party - PR (Partido Republicano)
  • Popular Representation Party - PRP (Partido de Representação Popular)
  • National Labour Party - PTN (Partido Trabalhista Nacional)
    • PST (Partido Social Trabalhista)
  • Social Progressive Party - PSP (Partido Social Progressista)
    • PRT (Partido Republicano Trabalhista)
    • MTR (Movimento Trabalhista Renovador)

[[Military dictatorship in Brazil|Military Dictatorship]] (1964–1985)

  • National Renewal Alliance - ARENA (Aliança Renovadora Nacional)
  • Brazilian Democratic Movement - MDB (Movimento Democrático Brasileiro)

Notes

References

References

  1. (2021-08-06). "Redemocratização no Brasil: continuidade ou ruptura?". Topoi (Rio de Janeiro).
  2. (24 February 2021). "Número de partidos na Câmara deve cair após ápice da fragmentação em 2018".
  3. "Brasil tem 75 partidos políticos em processo de formação".
  4. "Brasil vai às urnas em outubro com 35 partidos".
  5. Mali, Tiago. (2023-07-08). "Brasil deixa de ter o Legislativo mais fragmentado do mundo".
  6. "Contextos competitivos fazem diferença?: o efeito do fim das coligações proporcionais sobre a fragmentação partidária (2016-2020)".
  7. "Saiba o que é uma federação partidária".
  8. (2024-05-27). "G7 dos partidos políticos domina disputa a prefeituras e Congresso e mira 2026".
  9. (2024-10-27). "PSD se consolida à frente após 2º turno com 887 prefeituras; MDB e PP vêm em seguida".
  10. [link](https://web.archive.org/web/20141129090327/http://bd.camara.gov.br/bd/bitstream/handle/bdcamara/1592/fundo_partidario_amorim.pdf?sequence=1. Por Miriam Campelo de Melo Amorim. Brasília: Biblioteca Digital da Câmara dos Deputados, outubro de 2005.)
  11. "L9504".
  12. "Bancadas atuais da Câmara dos Deputados".
  13. "Senadores em Exercício".
  14. "Resultado da Eleição".
  15. "O Populismo de Direita no Brasil: Neoliberalismo e Autoritarismo no Governo Bolsonaro".
  16. (16 January 2024). "Ala vê impacto eleitoral na divisão 'PL raiz' e 'PL bolsonarista'".
  17. (3 January 2023). "PL muda estatuto para tentar liderar direita bolsonarista; ‘exílio’ incomoda partido".
  18. Gentil, Vinicius Miranda. (2018). "Um lugar ao sol: o Partido Socialismo e Liberdade – PSOL – e novos arranjos políticos da nova esquerda". University of the State of Rio de Janeiro.
  19. Oliveira, Heythor Santana de. (2017). "PSOL - Relação da origem no desenvolvimento de sua organização, participação eleitoral e atuação parlamentar". Federal University of São Carlos.
  20. (15 December 2022). "Grilo falante: O PSOL quer ser a voz progressista na ampla aliança de apoio ao governo Lula".
  21. (3 January 2020). "Cidadania: o velho ‘Partidão’ ficou liberal".
  22. "Federações partidárias registradas no TSE".
  23. "Bancadas Atuais".
  24. "Senadores em Exercício".
  25. "Resultado da Eleição".
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