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List of physical properties of glass

Physical properties of common glasses

This is a list of some physical properties of common glasses. Unless otherwise stated, the technical glass compositions and many experimentally determined properties are taken from one large study. Unless stated otherwise, the properties of fused silica (quartz glass) and germania glass are derived from the SciGlass glass database by forming the arithmetic mean of all the experimental values from different authors (in general more than 10 independent sources for quartz glass and Tg of germanium oxide glass).

The list is not exhaustive.

Properties	Soda–lime glass (for containers)	Borosilicate (low expansion, similar to Pyrex, Duran)	Glass wool (for thermal insulation)	Special optical glass (similar to
Lead crystal)	Fused silica	Germania glass	Germanium selenide glass
Chemical
composition,
wt%	74 SiO2, 13 Na2O, 10.5 CaO, 1.3 Al2O3, 0.3 K2O, 0.2 SO3, 0.2 MgO, 0.01 TiO2, 0.04 Fe2O3	81 SiO2, 12.5 B2O3, 4 Na2O, 2.2 Al2O3, 0.02 CaO, 0.06 K2O	63 SiO2, 16 Na2O, 8 CaO, 3.3 B2O3, 5 Al2O3, 3.5 MgO, 0.8 K2O, 0.3 Fe2O3, 0.2 SO3	41.2 SiO2, 34.1 PbO, 12.4 BaO, 6.3 ZnO, 3.0 K2O, 2.5 CaO, 0.35 Sb2O3, 0.2 As2O3	SiO2	GeO2	GeSe2
Viscosity
log(η, Pa·s) = A +
B / (T in °C - To)	550–1450 °C:
A = -2.309
B = 3922
To = 291	550–1450 °C:
A = -2.834
B = 6668
To = 108	550–1400 °C:
A = -2.323
B = 3232
To = 318	500–690 °C:
A = -35.59
B = 60930
To = -741	1140–2320 °C:
A = -7.766
B = 27913
To = -271.7	515–1540 °C:
A = -11.044
B = 30979
To = −837
Glass transition
temperature, Tg, °C	573	536	551	~540	1140	526 ± 27	author=Kotkata	last2=El-Shair	first2=H T	last3=Afifi	first3=M A	last4=Abdel-Aziz	first4=M M	title=Effect of thallium on the optical properties of amorphous GeSe2 and GeSe4 films	doi=10.1088/0022-3727/27/3/031	journal=J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.	volume=27	pages=623–627	year=1994	issue=3	bibcode = 1994JPhD...27..623K	s2cid=250758878	display-authors=etal}}
Coefficient of
thermal expansion,
ppm/K, ~100–300 °C	9	3.5	10	7	0.55	7.3
Density
at 20 °C, [g/cm3], x1000 to get [kg/m3]	2.52	2.235	2.550	3.86	2.203	3.65	4.16
Refractive index nD at 20 °C	1.518	1.473	1.531	1.650	1.459	1.608	1.7
Dispersion at 20 °C,
104×(nF - nC)	86.7	72.3	89.5	169	67.8	145
Young's modulus
at 20 °C, GPa	72	65	75	67	72	43.3
Shear modulus
at 20 °C, GPa	29.8	28.2		26.8	31.3
Liquidus
temperature, °C	1040	1070			1715	1115
Heat
capacity at 20 °C,
J/(mol·K)	49	50	50	51	44	52
Surface tension,
at ~1300 °C, mJ/m2	315	370	290
Chemical durability,
Hydrolytic class,
after ISO 719	3	1	3

References

"High temperature glass melt property database for process modeling"; Eds.: Thomas P. Seward III and Terese Vascott; The American Ceramic Society, Westerville, Ohio, 2005, {{ISBN. 1-57498-225-7
Soda–lime glass for containers is slightly different from soda–lime glass for windows (also called flat glass or float glass). Float glass has a higher magnesium oxide content as compared to container glass, and a lower silica and [[calcium oxide]] content. For further details see main article [[Soda–lime glass]].
A.J. Leadbettera and A.C. Wright. (1972). "Diffraction studies of glass structure: II. The structure of vitreous germania". Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids.
M. Micoulaut. (2006). "Simulated structural and thermal properties of glassy and liquid germania". Physical Review E.
35 T_g data for GeO₂ from [[Sciglass. SciGlass]] 6.7
Kotkata. (1994). "Effect of thallium on the optical properties of amorphous GeSe2 and GeSe4 films". J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys..
P. S. Salmon. (2006). "Glass Fragility and Atomic Ordering on the Intermediate and Extended Range". Physical Review Letters.
The subscript ''D'' indicates that the refractive index ''n'' was measured at a wavelength λ of 589.29 nm, ''F'' and ''C'' indicate 486.13 nm (blue) and 656.27 nm (red) respectively (see article [[Fraunhofer lines]])
L. G. Hwa and W.C. Chao. (2005). "Velocity of sound and elastic properties of lanthanum gallo-germanate glasses". Materials Chemistry and Physics.
Valid for glass composition, wt%: 80.7 SiO₂, 13.1 B₂O₃, 4.1 Na₂O, 2.1 Al₂O₃; Reference: Baak N. T. E. A. and Rapp C. F., GB Patent No. 1132885 Cl C 03 C 3/04, Abridg. Specif., 1968; Assignee: Owens-Illinois, Inc. (US).
[http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=4948 International Organization for Standardization, Procedure 719 (1985)]

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