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List of people considered a founder in a humanities field

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Those known as the father, mother, or considered a founder in a humanities field are those who have made important contributions to that field. In some fields several people are considered the founders, while in others the title of being the "father" is debatable.

Arts

SubjectFather / motherReason
**Abstract art**last=Kenneyfirst=Nancydate=2018-10-18title=Hilma af Klint, the 'mother of abstraction', gets first major US showwork=The Art Newspaperurl=https://www.theartnewspaper.com/preview/a-seance-with-the-mother-of-abstractionaccess-date=2021-06-14archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302134811/https://www.theartnewspaper.com/preview/a-seance-with-the-mother-of-abstractionarchive-date=2021-03-02issn=0960-6556}}For "[inventing] an abstract vocabulary blending biomorphic and geometric forms," that predates Wassily Kandisky.
**Animation**title=Lotte Reiniger, the mother of animationurl=https://www.design-is-fine.org/post/78465231817/lotte-reiniger-the-mother-of-animationurl-status=livearchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210618143652/https://www.design-is-fine.org/post/78465231817/lotte-reiniger-the-mother-of-animationarchive-date=2021-06-18access-date=2021-06-18website=Design is fine. History is mine.}}Reiniger: For making *The Adventures of Prince Achmed*, "[t]he first full-length animation movie of film history."
**Anime**Ōten Shimokawa
Jun'ichi Kōuchi
Seitaro Kitayama
**Australian studio pottery**William Merric Boyd
**Cinematography**Alice Guy-BlachéFor being the first female film director and "among the first to employ techniques like close-ups, hand-tinted color, and synchronized sound. "
**Dadaism**date=2012-06-15title=The life and times of Beatrice Wood, mother of Dadaism and female extraordinaireurl=http://janestreetclayworks.com/tag/henri-pierre-roche/access-date=2021-06-14website=Janes Street Clayworks}}For her involvement in the movement, which stemmed from her enjoyment of, upon her own admission, "being subversive."
**Danish painting**Nikolaj Abraham Abildgaard
**Fashion**date=2021-04-02title=Gabrielle Coco Chanel – Mother of Fashionurl=https://prvnnc.com/chanel/access-date=2021-06-14website=PRVNNC}}Chanel: For "revolutionizing how [people] dress, she helped form a new ideal of what a fashion brand could be."
**Modern fashion photography**Norman ParkinsonFor taking his models and photoshoots beyond the confines of the studio.
**Modern French cooking**last=Reidfirst=Deborahdate=2016-08-12title=A Name You Should Know: Eugénie Brazierurl=https://www.eater.com/2016/8/12/12382076/eugenie-brazierurl-status=livearchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210614122852/https://www.eater.com/2016/8/12/12382076/eugenie-brazierarchive-date=2021-06-14access-date=2021-06-17website=Eaterpublisher=Vox Media}}For her Lyonnaise-style of cooking, becoming the first woman to ever hold three Michelin stars and at age 38, the first individual to hold six simultaneously, a record that lasted for 65 years until 1998, which led Curnonsky to deem her as "the greatest chef in the world."
**French New Wave cinema**last=Robinsonfirst=Matthewdate=2019-03-29title=Agnès Varda, mother of French New Wave cinema, dead aged 90work=CNNurl=https://edition.cnn.com/style/article/agnes-varda-french-filmmaker-dead-90-intl-scli/index.htmlaccess-date=2021-06-14archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210326211124/https://edition.cnn.com/style/article/agnes-varda-french-filmmaker-dead-90-intl-scli/index.htmlarchive-date=2021-03-26}}For "directing celebrated films including *Cléo from 5 to 7*, *Happiness* and *The Creatures*."
**Gothic architecture**Abbot SugerBuilt the first Gothic church at the Abbey of St Dennis
**Harlem Renaissance (sculpture)**title=Mother Of Harlem Renaissance.url=https://www.viral9.net/mother-of-harlem-renaissance/access-date=2021-06-18website=Viral9date=March 6, 2021}}For being "a talented sculptor in her own right, [as well as] the first African American wom[a]n to open her own art gallery, the ‘Salon of Contemporary Negro Art’."
**Manga**last1=Pattenfirst1=Fredtitle=Watching Anime, Reading Manga: 25 Years of Essays and Reviewspublisher=Stone Bridge Pressyear=2004isbn=1-880656-92-2page=198author-link=Fred Patten}}
**Oil painting**Jan van EyckFor experimenting with the medium to remarkable effect
**Photojournalism**Mathew Brady
**Pop art**Richard Hamilton
**New Puerto Rican cuisine**last=Solís Escuderofirst=Yairadate=2016-11-13title=Muere el padre de la nueva cocina puertorriqueña: Alfredo Ayalalanguage=estrans-title=The father of the new Puerto Rican cuisine dies: Alfredo Ayalawork=El Vocerourl=https://www.elvocero.com/actualidad/muere-el-padre-de-la-nueva-cocina-puertorrique-a-alfredo-ayala/article_c9288525-f352-5c92-a31b-4c00b747acac.htmlaccess-date=2021-06-17archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613193307/https://www.elvocero.com/actualidad/muere-el-padre-de-la-nueva-cocina-puertorrique-a-alfredo-ayala/article_c9288525-f352-5c92-a31b-4c00b747acac.htmlarchive-date=2021-06-13}}"[F]or being the manager of a new local gastronomic movement in times of ‘nouvelle cuisine’, which sought to exalt the richness of Puerto Rican cuisine to position it in haute cuisine,"..."[becoming] the best ambassador of the island."
**Scottish country dancing**title=Commemorative Plaques Record Detailsurl=http://www.aberdeencity.gov.uk/Services/CommemorativePlaque/PlaqueDetail.aspx?Id=32publisher=City of Aberdeenaccessdate=6 April 2015archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150419081018/http://www.aberdeencity.gov.uk/Services/CommemorativePlaque/PlaqueDetail.aspx?Id=32archive-date=2015-04-19url-status=dead}}
**Spanish cuisine**Penelope CasasCasas: For "demonstrating the breadth of regional Spanish cuisine."
**Stop-motion clay animation**Art Clokey
**Surrealism**André Breton

Communication

SubjectFather / motherReason
**Public Relations**Edward BernaysAuthor of the book *Crystalizing Public Opinion* and creator of the Torches of Freedom advertising campaign.
**Spam**Gary ThuerkPenned the first message that advertised the availability of a new model of Digital Equipment Corporation computers to 393 recipients on ARPANET in 1978.

Education

SubjectFather / motherLife spanReason
**Afghan education**date=2015-12-18title=Afghanistan's 'mother of education' shares her visionwork=Radio New Zealandurl=https://www.rnz.co.nz/national/programmes/ninetonoon/audio/201783386/afghanistan's-'mother-of-education'-shares-her-visionaccess-date=2021-06-15archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210615130035/https://www.rnz.co.nz/national/programmes/ninetonoon/audio/201783386/afghanistan%27s-%27mother-of-education%27-shares-her-visionarchive-date=June 15, 2021url-status=live}}(born 1949 or 1950)For her work through the Afghan Institute of Learning, which "works...to empower women and bring education and health services to poor women and girls in rural and urban areas, serving hundreds of thousands of women and children a year."
**American education**last=Sarvifirst=Adriennedate=2018-05-02title=Mayesville remembers the 'mother of education'work=The Sumter Itemurl=https://theitem.com/stories/mayesville-remembers-the-mother-of-education,308683access-date=2021-06-15archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210615123837/https://theitem.com/stories/mayesville-remembers-the-mother-of-education,308683archive-date=2021-06-15}}(1875–1955)Bethune: For her "high standards and...[demonstration] of what educated African Americans could do," through her school, which later became Bethune–Cookman University.
**American Catholic education**title=Mother Mary Lange Catholic School – Opening September 2021url=https://www.archbalt.org/schools/our-schools/new-catholic-school/url-status=livearchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421104433/https://www.archbalt.org/schools/our-schools/new-catholic-school/archive-date=2021-04-21access-date=2021-06-15website=Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Baltimore}}( 1789–1882)For founding the first Catholic school in the United States for children of color as well as the first religious community of women of African-American descent.
**Argentinian education**last=Freijofirst=María Florenciadate=2021-01-29title=La mala educación de las mujerestrans-title=The bad education of womenurl=https://rebelion.org/la-mala-educacion-de-las-mujeres/url-status=livearchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205114747/https://rebelion.org/la-mala-educacion-de-las-mujeres/archive-date=2021-02-05access-date=2021-06-15website=Rebelion.orglanguage=es}}(1811–1888)Sarmiento: For improving the country's education system.
**Costa Rican education**last=Cambronero Arguedasfirst=Javier Franciscodate=2020-04-08title=Tio Conejo: tan corrongo y pochotónlanguage=estrans-title=Uncle Rabbit: so cute and pochotónwork=Delfino.crurl=https://delfino.cr/2020/04/tio-conejo-tan-corrongo-y-pochotonaccess-date=2021-06-15archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809172010/https://delfino.cr/2020/04/tio-conejo-tan-corrongo-y-pochotonarchive-date=2020-08-09}}(1888–1949)For founding the *Escuela Maternal* ('maternal school'), the first Montessori school in Costa Rica in 1925.
**Dominican education**last=Castillofirst=John Henrydate=2009-10-20title=Salomé Ureña: madre de la educación en el paíswork=Listín Diariourl=https://listindiario.com/la-vida/2009/10/20/118667/salome-urena-madre-de-la-educacion-en-el-paisaccess-date=2021-06-15archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101094232/https://listindiario.com/la-vida/2009/10/20/118667/salome-urena-madre-de-la-educacion-en-el-paisarchive-date=2020-11-01}}(1850–1898)For founding "the *Instituto de Señoritas* ('young ladies' institute'), which became the first center devoted exclusively to the training of teachers," in the Dominican Republic and called as such by Chiqui Vicioso.
**Japanese language education in Romania**last=Hirotsugufirst=Aidadate=2009-02-03title=Romania's Japan education 'mother' going strongwork=The Japan Timesurl=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2009/02/03/national/romanias-japan-education-mother-going-strong/#.UwjJk6j7TIUaccess-date=2021-06-14archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222155955/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2009/02/03/national/romanias-japan-education-mother-going-strong/#.UwjJk6j7TIUarchive-date=2014-02-22issn=0447-5763}}Still living"[F]or her role in saving Japanese studies from extinction in her country in the 1970s and for her more than 30 years of dedication to the field since then."
**Namibian education**last=Abrahamsfirst=Yvetteauthor-link=Yvette Abrahamsdate=2018-07-04title=Tribute to 'Mother of Education'work=The Namibianurl=https://www.namibian.com.na/179164/archive-read/Tribute-to-Mother-of-Educationaccess-date=2021-06-15archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210615123616/https://www.namibian.com.na/179164/archive-read/Tribute-to-Mother-of-Educationarchive-date=2021-06-15}}(1937–2018)For "[forming] the Namibian National Nationhood Programme, a consortium of NGOs working in the areas of education and agro-ecology."
**Nicaraguan education**url=https://www.mined.gob.ni/biblioteca/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Pedagog%C3%ADa-Infantil.pdftitle=Módulo de pedagogía infantilpublisher=Ministerio de Educación de la República de Nicaraguayear=2018location=Managuapages=27–28language=estrans-title=Children's pedagogy modulechapter=Unidad I Enfoques Actuales de la Educación Inicialtrans-chapter=Unit I Current Approaches to Early Childhood Educationarchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217224909/https://www.mined.gob.ni/biblioteca/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Pedagog%C3%ADa-Infantil.pdfarchive-date=2019-12-17}}(1866–1962)"[F]or her work as a teacher of
**Paraguayan education**Rosa Peña Guanes(1843–1899)For founding twenty-four girls' schools and the National Asylum in Paraguay.
**Early education in Peru**last=Barciafirst=Tatodate=2019-10-11title=Emilia Barcia Bonifatti: Maestra revolucionaria de la educación inicial en Perúlanguage=estrans-title=Emilia Barcia Boniffatti: Revolutionary teacher of initial education in Peruwork=Diario Pro & Contraurl=https://proycontra.com.pe/emilia-barcia-bonifatti-maestra-revolucionaria-de-la-educacion-inicial-en-peru/access-date=2021-06-15archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200201020845/http://proycontra.com.pe/emilia-barcia-bonifatti-maestra-revolucionaria-de-la-educacion-inicial-en-peru/archive-date=2020-02-01}}(1904–1986)For founding the first preschool in the Peruvian Amazonia.
**Puerto Rican education**Jaime Benítez Rexach(1908–2001)Benítez: Called as such by Herman Badillo for "there [being] no man in this country who has done more to bring up the level of educational opportunities to poor people than [him]."
**Saudi Arabian education**Iffat bint Mohammad Al Thunayan(1916– 2000)For founding "the Taif model school and the first girl's college in Saudi Arabia."
**Tampa education**last=Greenfirst=Lauradate=2013-04-13title=Lee was city's mother of public educationwork=Sarasota Herald-Tribunepublisher=Gannetturl=https://www.heraldtribune.com/article/LK/20030413/News/605248763/SHaccess-date=2021-06-15archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210615120249/https://www.heraldtribune.com/article/LK/20030413/News/605248763/SHarchive-date=2021-06-15issn=2641-4503}}(1808–1870)For "[opening] what is believed to be the first local school," in Tampa.
**Washington D. C. education**title="Myrtilla Miner: Celebrating a Legacy of Excellence in Education"url=https://www.udc.edu/founders-day/myrtilla-miner-tribute/url-status=livearchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226041401/https://www.udc.edu/founders-day/myrtilla-miner-tribute/archive-date=2021-02-26access-date=2021-06-15website=University of the District of Columbiadate=November 18, 2016}}(1815–1864)For "providing a quality education for all children in the District of Columbia regardless of race, creed or class," through her Normal School for Colored Girls, which later became the University of the District of Columbia.
**Western Cape education**date=2000-05-26title=The Cape's mother of educationwork=Mail & Guardianurl=https://mg.co.za/article/2000-05-26-the-capes-mother-of-education/access-date=2021-06-15archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210615122950/https://mg.co.za/article/2000-05-26-the-capes-mother-of-education/archive-date=2021-06-15}}(born 1951)For her "hands-on approach" tenure as Western Cape MEC for Education.

History

SubjectFather / motherReason
**African-American history**Arturo Alfonso SchomburgFor his "[research and raising] awareness of the great contributions that Afro-Latin Americans and African Americans have made to society,...[being] an important intellectual figure in the Harlem Renaissance [and, over] the years, [collecting] literature, art, slave narratives, and other materials of African history, which were purchased to become the basis of the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, named in his honor, at the New York Public Library (NYPL) branch in Harlem.
**Black history**Carter G. WoodsonA founder of *The Journal of Negro History* in 1916.
**Ecclesiastical history**title = New International Encyclopediapublisher = Dodd, Mead and Companyyear = 1914location = New York Citypages = Fatherstitle-link = New International Encyclopedia}}Because of his work in recording the history of the early Christian church
**English history**Bede*Ecclesiastical History of the English People*
**French history**André Duchesne
**Historiography**Ibn Khaldun*Muqaddimah* (*Prolegomena*) (1377)
**History**Herodotus
Thucydides*The Histories*
*History of the Peloponnesian War*
**History of science**George SartonFounded *Isis* (1912) and wrote *Introduction to the History of Science* (1927)
**Modern history**Leonardo Bruni
**Philosophy of history**last1 = Drlast2 = Akhtarfirst2 = S. W.year = 1997title = The Islamic Concept of Knowledgejournal = Al-Tawhid: A Quarterly Journal of Islamic Thought & Culturevolume = 12page = 3 }}*Muqaddimah* (*Prolegomena*) (1377)
**Public administration**Woodrow Wilson"The Study of Administration" in *Political Science Quarterly*, June 1887.
**Puerto Rican history**Salvador Brau

Justice

SubjectFather / motherReason
**Criminal identification**Alphonse BertillonCreated a database for criminals
**Fingerprinting**Juan Vucetic

Language and literature

SubjectFather / motherReason
**Modern African literature**title=Flora Nwapa: Mother of modern African literaturework=Deutsche Welleurl=https://www.dw.com/en/flora-nwapa-nigeria-mother-of-modern-african-literature-african-roots-a-53197517/a-53197517access-date=2021-06-17archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210614122900/https://www.dw.com/en/flora-nwapa-nigeria-mother-of-modern-african-literature-african-roots-a-53197517/a-53197517archive-date=2021-06-14}}For "[setting] the stage for the emergence of female writers in Nigeria and other African countries," by being "the first African woman to publish a book in English."
**American folklore**url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080610120942/http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/information/biography/abcde/dorson_richard.htmldate=2008-06-10 }}. *Minnesota State University, Mankato eMuseum*. URL accessed April 21, 2006.
**American literature**Mark TwainMark Twain is often attributed to being one of the first authors to write in American vernacular and address major issues such as race and slavery, particularly through the wilted of southern Americans. Ralph Waldo Emerson is credited with beginning the nation's literary renaissance and original philosophical ideas with Transcendentalism.
**American novel**last=Williamsfirst=Mistydate=2009-08-03title=Textual Editing Project of Trials of the Human Heart by Susanna Haswell Rowsonurl=https://outline.com/6xpXGUurl-status=livearchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210617185221/https://outline.com/6xpXGUarchive-date=2021-06-17access-date=2021-06-17website=Docsity}}For writing one of the "best-selling novels of the time...*Charlotte, A Tale of Truth*."
**Canadian Indigenous literature**last=Weingartenfirst=Jeffrey Aaronurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=-dChDwAAQBAJ&q=%22mother+of+indigenous+literature%22&pg=PA274title=Sharing the Past: The Reinvention of History in Canadian Poetry since 1960publisher=University of Toronto Pressyear=2019isbn=9781487501044location=Torontopages=274}}First Nations]] women."
**Canadian literature**date=2021-04-30title=Margaret Atwood: A Word after a Word after a Word is Power. The Handmaid's Tale Season 4.url=https://eatsleeppop.com/movies/margaret-atwood-documentary/url-status=livearchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210618144929/https://eatsleeppop.com/movies/margaret-atwood-documentary/archive-date=2021-06-18access-date=2021-06-18website=Eat Sleep Pop}}Atwood: For "[seeming] capable of embracing and exposing the truth of the darkness that lurks in the shadows of our world[, s]he and her work are as relevant as ever."
**Canadian poetry**last=Edgarfirst=Pelhamurl=https://archive.org/details/englishpoets05ward/page/580/mode/2up?q=%22Mother+of+canadian%22title=The English poetspublisher=Macmillan Publisherseditor-last=Wardeditor-first=Thomas Humphryeditor-link=Thomas Humphry Wardvolume=Vlocation=New York Citypages=581chapter=Canadian Poetry Critical Introductionauthor-link=Pelham Edgarchapter-url=https://www.bartleby.com/337/1600.html}}For being the first to attempt the "arduous intellectual journey," that "her verse [must trek the wide] distance to be traversed from the servile copy to the work which, though it may originate in a fertile hint of method or suggestion of thought in some foreign source, is still the authentic utterance of a single mind."
**Costa Rican poetry**title=Territory of Dawnurl=https://creativewriting.stanford.edu/books/territory-dawnurl-status=livearchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124010851/https://creativewriting.stanford.edu/books/territory-dawnarchive-date=2021-01-24access-date=2021-06-14website=Creative Writing Programpublisher=Stanford University}}For being "the country’s most significant international literary presence."
**English literature**url=http://www.middle-ages.org.uk/geoffrey-chaucer.htmtitle=Geoffrey Chaucerwebsite=www.middle-ages.org.uk}}Chaucer: For writing *The Canterbury Tales*.
**English poetry**Geoffrey Chaucer
**Epic poetry**Homer
**American film criticism**last=Mondellofirst=Bobauthor-link=Bob Mondellodate=2019-11-29title=Holiday Movie Preview: What's Coming To Theaters Before The End Of The Yearwork=NPRurl=https://www.npr.org/2019/11/29/783762467/holiday-movie-preview-whats-coming-to-theaters-before-the-end-of-the-yearaccess-date=2021-06-14archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305142005/https://www.npr.org/2019/11/29/783762467/holiday-movie-preview-whats-coming-to-theaters-before-the-end-of-the-yeararchive-date=2021-03-05}}For being "probably the most qualified critic in the world," per Jerry Lewis.
**Finnish written language**Mikael Agricola
**German literature**Gotthold Ephraim Lessing
**Grammar**PāṇiniWrote the *Ashtadhyayi*
**Greek tragedy**Aeschylus
**Harlem renaissance**title=Simple Takes a Wifeurl=https://www.baumanrarebooks.com/rare-books/hughes-langston/simple-takes-a-wife/108274.aspxurl-status=livearchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127112754/https://www.baumanrarebooks.com/rare-books/hughes-langston/simple-takes-a-wife/108274.aspxarchive-date=2021-01-27access-date=2021-06-18website=Bauman Rare Books}}Douglas: For her "death had a special meaning… Alta and Aaron Douglas had formed the warm human center of a group of gifted black young men and women who had come together for the first time in New York… her passing marked definitely 'the closing of the ring' on the Harlem Renaissance," as considered by Arnold Rampersad.
**Modern Hebrew language**Eliezer Ben Yehuda
**Horror**date=2017-10-26title=How A Teenage Girl Became the Mother of Horrorurl=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/history-magazine/article/birth_of_Frankenstein_Mary_Shelleyurl-status=livearchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210614180759/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/history-magazine/article/birth_of_Frankenstein_Mary_Shelleyarchive-date=2021-06-14access-date=2021-06-14website=National Geographicpublisher=National Geographic Society}}Wrote *Frankenstein*
**Italian language**Dante Alighieri
**Italian literature**Dante Alighieri
**Indology**Al-Biruni
**Letters** (messages)Francis I of France
**Linguistics** (early)PāṇiniWrote the *Ashtadhyayi*
**Linguistics** (modern)
**Modern fantasy literature**J. R. R. Tolkien
**Modernist literature**date=2021-04-16title=Modernist Literature Guide: Understanding Literary Modernismurl=https://www.masterclass.com/articles/modernist-literature-guideurl-status=livearchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210616190411/https://www.masterclass.com/articles/modernist-literature-guidearchive-date=2021-06-16access-date=2021-06-16website=MasterClass}}For the "[incorporation of the] stream-of-consciousness and experimental narrative techniques," into her work.
**Novel**Homer
**Nuyorican literature**Esmeralda SantiagoFor writing *When I Was Puerto Rican*, considered by Oprah's Book Club as "one of the “Best Memoirs of a Generation”."
**Puerto Rican literature**Concha Meléndez
**Science fiction**Octavia E. Butler
**Science fiction magazine**Hugo Gernsback
**Spanish language**Antonio de Nebrija
**Spanish literature**Carmen BalcellsBalcells: For being the literary agent of Spanish-language authors from Spain and Latin America, including six Nobel Prize–winning authors and one of the main promoters of the Latin American Boom.
**Spanish travel literature**EgeriaFor writing *Itinerarium Egeriae* ("Travels of Egeria"), the first record of a Christian pilgrimage in the [4th century](4th-century).
**Urdu**Maulvi Abdul Haq
**Venezuelan literature**last=Castrofirst=Laleskatitle=Comentario sobre "Cansancio" de José Antonio Ramos Sucretrans-title=Comment on "Cansancio" by José Antonio Ramos Sucreurl=https://steemit.com/literatura/@castrochastre/comentario-sobre-cansancio-de-jose-antonio-ramos-sucreurl-status=livearchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210616182251/https://steemit.com/literatura/@castrochastre/comentario-sobre-cansancio-de-jose-antonio-ramos-sucrearchive-date=2021-06-16access-date=2021-06-16website=Steemitdate=January 3, 2018language=es}}
**Venezuelan poetry**José Antonio Ramos Sucre

Law

SubjectFather / motherReason
**Civil law**Justinian I
**Legal writing education**title=Mary Beth Beazley: 2017 Marjorie Rombauer Awardurl=https://www.alwd.org/about/awards/marjorie-rombauer-award-recipients/45-mr-recipients/374-2017-marjorie-rombauer-awardurl-status=livearchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190709160458/https://www.alwd.org/about/awards/marjorie-rombauer-award-recipients/45-mr-recipients/374-2017-marjorie-rombauer-awardarchive-date=2019-07-09access-date=2021-06-18website=Association of Legal Writing Directors}}For "[writing] the first legal writing textbook, *Legal Problem Solving: Analysis, Research, and Writing* in 1970," and through her "[teaching] at the University of Washington School of Law for over thirty years [as] the first non-librarian, tenured female faculty member," her "works on legal problem solving, research, writing, and analysis informed generations of law students."
**European patent law**Kurt Haertel
**International law**Woods, Thomas]]. *How the Catholic Church Built Western Civilization*, pp. 5–6. (Washington, DC: Regenery, 2005); .
Francisco de Vitoria
Hugo GrotiusFor speculating on human rights and the proper relations that ought to exist between nations
**Russian jurisprudence**Semyon Efimovich DesnitskyRussian social and political theorist (18th century)
**United States Constitution**James MadisonHe played a large role in its drafting and ratification. One of the authors of *The Federalist*. Also drafter of the Bill of Rights.

Music

SubjectFather / motherReason
**American music**Stephen FosterRecognized internationally for his compositions which are still being performed in various venues. His most notable works include Oh Susanna, Camptown Races and Old Folks at Home.
**American piano manufacture**Jonas Chickering
**Blues**Ma Rainey
**Bluegrass music**Bill Monroe
**Chicago blues** / **electric blues**Muddy Waters
**Contemporary a cappella**Deke Sharon
**Country music**Jimmie Rodgers
**Death metal**url=
**Disco**Mel Cheren (Godfather)"The entrepreneur Mel Cheren, nicknamed "the Godfather of disco", played a crucial role in the evolution of dance music." {{cite newsurl=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/mel-cheren-godfather-of-disco-769469.htmlaccessdate=2009-12-21newspaper=The Independentauthor=Pierre Perronedate=11 January 2008location=London}}
Giorgio Moroder{{cite weburl=accessdate=2009-12-21website=allmusicauthor=Evan Cater }}
**English cathedral music**Thomas Tallis
**Funk**George Clinton (Godfather)
**Gospel music **Thomas A. Dorsey
**Gothic rock**Peter Murphy (Godfather)
**G-Funk**Dr. Dre
**Greek music**Terpander
**Grunge**url=http://www.thrasherswheat.org/gog.htmtitle=Neil Young Godfather of Grungewebsite=www.thrasherswheat.org}}
**Heavy metal**Ozzy Osbourne/Tony Iommi{{cite weburl=http://www.nyrock.com/interviews/2002/ozzy_int.asp
**Italo disco**Alexander Robotnick (Godfather){{cite weburl=http://www.residentadvisor.net/review-view.aspx?id=3600accessdate=2009-12-21publisher=Resident Advisorauthor=Dave Noonandate=18 Feb 2006}}
**Punk rock**Patti Smith (Godmother)
**Jazz**Buddy Bolden
Jelly Roll Morton
Theodore August Metz
**Modern jazz piano**Earl "Fatha" Hines
**Puerto Rican music**Manuel Gregorio Tavárez
**Reggae**Frederick "Toots" Hibbert
**Rock and roll**Chuck Berry Ike Turner
**Rock music in China**0-313-30876-4}}
**Soul music**James Brown (Godfather)
**Symphony and string quartet**Joseph Haydn
**Thrash metal**James Hetfield
**Venezuelan music**Simón Díaz

Performance art

SubjectFather / motherReason
**Kabuki**Izumo no Okuni
**Vogue**Willi Ninjatitle=The History of Voguing – Tributes to Willi Ninjaurl=http://www.ukblackout.com/arhived-articles-news-92/184-culture-archivie/611-the-history-of-voguing-tributes-to-willi-ninja.htmlwork=UKBlackout.comaccessdate=2010-11-14archive-date=January 20, 2011archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110120190621/http://www.ukblackout.com/arhived-articles-news-92/184-culture-archivie/611-the-history-of-voguing-tributes-to-willi-ninja.htmlurl-status=dead }}

Philosophy and religion

SubjectFather / motherReason
**Alt-right**Paul Gottfried
**Anarchism**Mikhail Bakunin
**Antifeminism**Phyllis Schlafly
**Christian asceticism**Syncletica of Alexandria
**Authoritarianism**Indira GandhiFor her declaration of The Emergency.
**Behaviorism**John B. Watson
**Chinese democracy**Wei Jingsheng
**Communism**Karl Marx
**Comparative religion**Max Müller
**Conservatism**Edmund Burke
**Cynicism** (school of thought)Diogenes of Sinope
**Epicureanism**Epicurus
**Epistemology**Xenophanes
**Existentialism**Simone de Beauvoir
**Fascism**Benito MussoliniFor being "Benito Mussolini's mistress, [becoming] his ideological companion, [planning] the 'March on Rome' with him, [writing] articles in his name, [editing] the Fascist Party organ and [writing] his first official biography."
**Faith missions**Anthony Norris Groves
**Feminism**Mary Wollstonecraft
**Humanism**Petrarch
**Islamic logic**Al-Farabi
**Liberalism**John Locke
**American libertarianism**date=2020-12-03title=The Mother of Libertarianism: Rose Wilder Laneurl=https://www.libertarianism.org/podcasts/portraits-liberty/mother-libertarianism-rose-wilder-laneurl-status=livearchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506060225/https://www.libertarianism.org/podcasts/portraits-liberty/mother-libertarianism-rose-wilder-lanearchive-date=2021-05-06access-date=2021-06-17website=Libertarianism.org}}Lane: For "reigniting a passion for liberal ideas in her numerous columns alongside her masterwork, *The Discovery of Freedom*."
**Logical positivism**Moritz Schlick
**Methodism**John Wesley
**Moral philosophy**Thomas Aquinas
**Neo-authoritarianism**Xiao Gongqin
**Neoconservatism**author=Barry Gewendate=September 18, 2009title=Irving Kristol, Godfather of Modern Conservatism, Dies at 89url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/19/us/politics/19kristol.html?pagewanted=allurl-status=livearchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119194623/https://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/19/us/politics/19kristol.html?pagewanted=allarchive-date=19 January 2023access-date=14 October 2010newspaper=The New York Times}} (Godfather)
**Objectivism**Ayn Rand
**Positivism**Clotilde de Vaux
**Protestantism** (Lutheranism)Martin LutherKatharina ZellZell: For her "prolific work [been considered] as some of the Reformation period’s exemplary writings."
**Religious tolerance**Anne Hutchinson
**Scholasticism**title=The Art of Gothic: Architecture, Sculpture, Paintingauthor=Toman, Rolfothers=photography by Achim Bednorzyear=2007publisher=Tandem Verlag GmbHisbn=978-3-8331-4676-3quote=Abelard himself was… together with John Scotus Erigena (9th century), and Lanfranc and Anselm of Canterbury (both 11th century), one of the founders of scholasticism.}}
**Scholasticism** (Protestant)Hugo Grotius
**Socialism**Karl Marx{{cite magazinetitle = Father of Socialism
**Thomism**Thomas Aquinas
**Transcendentalism**last=Francisfirst=Charlesyear=2011title=The Hammer of Mediocrityurl=https://issuu.com/discovermaine/docs/aos11bjournal=Discover Maine Magazinevolume=8issue=4pages=21–23}}Moody Emerson: for instilling in her nephew to "look within, reflect, but [to] do it with much reading, study."
**Zionism**Theodor Herzl

Notes

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