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List of parties to the Geneva Conventions

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List of parties to the Geneva Conventions

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The Geneva Conventions, which were most recently revised in 1949, consist of seven individual treaties which are open to ratification or accession by any sovereign state. They are:

  • The Geneva Conventions
    • First Geneva Convention
    • Second Geneva Convention
    • Third Geneva Convention
    • Fourth Geneva Convention
  • Additional Protocols
    • Protocol I
    • Protocol II
    • Protocol III

The four 1949 Conventions have been ratified by 196 states, including all UN member states, both UN observers (the Holy See and the State of Palestine), as well as the Cook Islands. The Protocols have been ratified by 175, 170 and 80 states respectively. In addition, Article 90 of Protocol I states that "The High Contracting Parties may at the time of signing, ratifying or acceding to the Protocol, or at any other subsequent time, declare that they recognize ipso facto and without special agreement, in relation to any other High Contracting Party accepting the same obligation, the competence of the [International Fact-Finding] Commission to enquire into allegations by such other Party, as authorized by this Article." 77 states have made such a declaration.

Parties to the 1949 Conventions and Protocols I–III

StateYear of ratification/accession/succession"S" indicates that the state has signed but has not ratified.
"—" indicates that the state has taken no action.NotesGC I–IVurl=https://www.eda.admin.ch/content/dam/eda/fr/documents/aussenpolitik/voelkerrecht/geneve/1977-PROT-1-fr.pdftitle=Protocole additionnel aux Conventions de Genève du 12 août 1949 relatif à la protection des victimes des conflits armés internationaux (Protocole I)accessdate=2014-10-14publisher=Federal Department of Foreign Affairs of Switzerlandlanguage=French}}url=https://www.eda.admin.ch/content/dam/eda/fr/documents/aussenpolitik/voelkerrecht/geneve/1977-PROT-2-fr.pdftitle=Protocole additionnel aux Conventions de Genève du 12 août 1949 relatif à la protection des victimes des conflits armés non internationaux (Protocole II)accessdate=2014-10-14publisher=Federal Department of Foreign Affairs of Switzerlandlanguage=French}}url=https://www.eda.admin.ch/content/dam/eda/fr/documents/aussenpolitik/voelkerrecht/geneve/2005-PROT-3.fr.pdftitle=Protocole additionnel aux Conventions de Genève du 12 août 1949 relatif à l'adoption d'un signe distinctif additionnel (Protocole III)accessdate=2014-10-14publisher=Federal Department of Foreign Affairs of Switzerlandlanguage=French}}url=https://www.eda.admin.ch/content/dam/eda/fr/documents/aussenpolitik/voelkerrecht/20250806-1977-PROT1-ART90.pdftitle=Protocole additionnel aux Conventions de Genève du 12 août 1949 relatif à la protection des victimes des conflits armés internationaux (Protocole I) - Etats ayant fait la déclaration prévue à l'article 90accessdate=2014-10-14publisher=Federal Department of Foreign Affairs of Switzerlandlanguage=French}}TotalsRatified1961751708078Signed only03320N/A
Afghanistan195620092009——
Albania1957199319932008—
Algeria196019891989—1989
Andorra19932025202520252025
Angola198419842019S—
Antigua and Barbuda198619861986——
Argentina19561986198620111996
Armenia1993199319932011—
Australia19581991199120091992
Austria19531982198220091982
Azerbaijan1993————
Bahamas197519801980——
Bahrain197119861986——
Bangladesh197219801980——
Barbados196819901990——
Belarus19541989198920111989Conventions I–IV and Protocols I–II ratified as the Byelorussian SSR.
Belgium19521986198620151987
Belize1984198419842007—
Benin196119861986——
Bhutan1991————
Bolivia197619921983S1992
Bosnia and Herzegovina199219921992S1992
Botswana196819791979——
Brazil19571992199220091993
Brunei199119911991——
Bulgaria19541989198920061994
Burkina Faso19611987198720162004
Burundi197119931993S—
Cambodia195819981998——
Cameroon1963198419842021—
Canada19651990199020071990
Cape Verde198419951995S1995
Central African Republic196619841984——
Chad197019971997——
Chile19501991199120081991
China195619831983——Conventions I–IV ratified as the Republic of China which was a signatory in 1956.
Colombia196119931995S1996
Comoros198519851985——
Democratic Republic of the Congo196119822002—2002
Republic of the Congo196719831983S—
Cook Islands20022002200220112002
Costa Rica19691983198320081999
Côte d'Ivoire196119891989——
Croatia19921992199220071992
Cuba195419821999——
Cyprus19621979199620072002
Czech Republic19931993199320071995
Denmark19511982198220071982All the treaties extended to the Faroe Islands and to Greenland.
Djibouti197819911991——
Dominica198119961996——
Dominican Republic1958199419942009—
Ecuador1954197919792020—
Egypt195219921992——
El Salvador1953197819782007—
Equatorial Guinea198619861986——
Eritrea2000————
Estonia19931993199320082009
Ethiopia196919941994S—
Fiji1971200820082008—
Finland19551980198020091980
France1951200119842009—
Gabon196519801980——
The Gambia196619891989——
Georgia1993199319932007—
Germany19541991199120091991
Ghana195819781978S—
Greece19561989199320091998
Grenada198119981998——
Guatemala1952198719872008—
Guinea198419841984—1993
Guinea-Bissau197419861986——
Guyana1968199819982009—
Haiti195720062006S—
Holy See195119851985——
Honduras19651995199520062025
Hungary19541989198920061991
Iceland19651987198720061987
India1950————
Indonesia1958————
Iran1957SS——
Iraq19562010———
Ireland196219991999S1999
Israel1951——2007—
Italy19511986198620091986
Jamaica196419861986S—
Japan195320042004—2004
Jordan195119791979——
Kazakhstan1992199219922009—
Kenya1966199919992013—
Kiribati1989————
North Korea19571988———
South Korea196619821982S2004
Kuwait196719851985—2013
Kyrgyzstan1992199219922019—
Laos195619801980—1998
Latvia1991199119912007—
Lebanon195119971997——
Lesotho19681994199420202010
Liberia195419881988——
Libya195619781978——
Liechtenstein19501989198920061989
Lithuania19962000200020072000
Luxembourg19531989198920151993
North Macedonia19931993199320081993
Madagascar19631992199220181993
Malawi196819911991—2014
Malaysia1962————
Maldives199119911991——
Mali196519891989—2003
Malta196819891989S1989
Marshall Islands2004————
Mauritania196219801980——
Mauritius197019821982——
Mexico19521983—2008—
Federated States of Micronesia199519951995——
Moldova1993199319932008—
Monaco19502000200020072007
Mongolia195819951995—1995
Montenegro200620062006—2007
Morocco195620112011——
Mozambique198319832002——
Myanmar1992————
Namibia199119941994—1994The United Nations Council for Namibia acceded to Conventions I–IV and Protocols I–II in 1983. Namibia succeeded to Conventions I-IV in 1991, and Protocols I-II in 1994.
Nauru2006200620062012—
Nepal1964——S—
Netherlands19541987198720061987Conventions I–IV and Protocols I–III have been extended to Aruba, Curaçao, Sint Maarten, and the Caribbean Netherlands.The Conventions I–IV and Protocols I–III were originally extended to the Netherlands Antilles prior to its dissolution into Aruba in 1986, and Curaçao, Sint Maarten, and the Caribbean Netherlands in 2010.
New Zealand19591988198820131988Niue is considered bound by New Zealand's ratification of Conventions I–IV in 1959 by the International Committee of the Red Cross on the basis of Niue's enactment of its own Geneva Conventions Act 1958.
Nicaragua1953199919992009—
Niger196419791979——
Nigeria196119881988——
Norway19511981198120061981
Oman197419841984——
Pakistan1951SS——
Palau199619961996——
State of Palestine20142014201520152018url=https://www.icrc.org/eng/resources/documents/misc/57jnjg.htmtitle=Geneva Conventions for the protection of war victims of 12 August 1949 and Additional Protocols of 8 June 1977 Ratifications, accessions and successions as at 31 December 1996date=1997-04-30accessdate=2014-10-14publisher=International Committee of the Red Cross}} However, the Swiss Government, which acts as the depositary for the Conventions, responded by stating that it was "not in a position to decide whether this communication can be considered as an instrument of accession" due to "the incertainty [sic] within the international community as to the existence or non-existence of a State of Palestine."
Following the United Nations General Assembly passing a resolution granting non-member observer state status to Palestine in November 2012, Palestine acceded to Conventions I-IV and Protocol I in April 2014. In January 2015 Palestine acceded to Protocols II and III.
Panama19561995199520121999
Papua New Guinea1976————
Paraguay19611990199020081998
Peru1956198919892018—
Philippines201219862006—
Poland19541991199120091992
Portugal19611992199220141994
Qatar197519882005—1991
Romania19541990199020151995
Russia195419891989S1989Conventions I–IV and Protocols I and II ratified as the Soviet Union.
Declaration under Article 90 of Protocol 1 withdrawn in 2019.
Rwanda196419841984—1993
Saint Kitts and Nevis198619861986—2014
Saint Lucia198119821982——
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines198119831983—2013
Samoa198419841984——
San Marino1953199419942007—
Sao Tome and Principe197619961996——
Saudi Arabia196319872001——
Senegal196319851985——
Serbia20012001200120102001Conventions I–IV and Protocols I–II ratified as the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
Seychelles198419841984—1992
Sierra Leone196519861986S—
Singapore1973——2008—
Slovakia19931993199320071995
Slovenia19921992199220081992
Solomon Islands198119881988——
Somalia1962————
South Africa195219951995——
South Sudan2013201320132013—
Spain19521989198920101989
Sri Lanka1959————
Sudan195720062006——
Suriname1976198519852013—
Eswatini197319951995——
Sweden19531979197920141979
Switzerland19501982198220061982
Syria19531983———
Tajikistan199319931993—1997
Tanzania196219831983S—Conventions I–IV ratified as Tanganyika (1961–1964).
Thailand1954————
Timor-Leste2003200520052011—
Togo196219841984S1991
Tonga197820032003—2003
Trinidad and Tobago196320012001—2001
Tunisia195719791979——
Turkey1954——S—
Turkmenistan199219921992——
Tuvalu1981————
Uganda1964199119912008—
Ukraine19541990199020101990Conventions I–IV and Protocols I–II ratified as the Ukrainian SSR.
United Arab Emirates197219831983—1992
United Kingdom19571998199820091999Protocols I–III have been extended to all three Crown dependencies and to 13 of the 14 British Overseas Territories (excluding Gibraltar).
United States1955SS2007—Signed in 1949. Ratified June 9, 1955.
Uruguay19691985198520121990
Uzbekistan199319931993——
Vanuatu198219851985——
Venezuela195619981998——
Vietnam19571981———Conventions I–IV ratified as the North Vietnam.
Also ratified by the State of Vietnam in 1953 and the Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam in 1973 prior to Vietnamese reunification.
Yemen197019901990——Conventions I–IV and Protocols I–II ratified as North Yemen.
Conventions I–IV also ratified by South Yemen in 1977 prior to Yemeni unification.
Zambia196619951995——
Zimbabwe198319921992——
AuthorityYear of declarationConflictNotes
SADR Polisario Front2015Western Sahara conflict with MoroccoArticle 96.3 of Protocol I allows for an "authority representing a people engaged against a High Contracting Party in" a war of national liberation to make a unilateral declaration to apply the four Conventions and Protocol I with respect to that conflict. As a result of such a declaration, "the Conventions and this Protocol are equally binding upon all Parties to the conflict." This provision was invoked by the Polisario Front in 2015, and as of that date was the only national liberation movement to have had their declaration accepted by the international community, since in prior attempts the relevant state was not a party to Additional Protocol I (Morocco ratified the protocol in 2011).

Notes

Former states parties

The following states were party to the Geneva Conventions I–IV, but their ratifications have not been recognised as applying to any succeeding state under international law, though all have ratified in their own right:

  • Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia
  • East Germany East Germany
  • South Vietnam South Vietnam
  • South Yemen South Yemen
  • Yugoslavia Yugoslavia
  • Zanzibar Zanzibar

Parties to the 1864 Geneva Convention

The first ten articles of the First Geneva Convention were concluded in 1864. This was the original Geneva Convention. The following states were parties to the 1864 Geneva Convention.

StateGC 1864Year the state ratified or acceded to the 1864 version of the First Geneva Convention.Notes
Flag of Argentina (1861–2010).svg Argentina1879
Austrian Empire1866
Baden Baden1864Original signatory.
Kingdom of Bavaria1866Represented by Joseph Théodore Dompierre in the negotiations
Belgium1864Original signatory.
Bolivia1879
Brazil1906
Bulgaria Bulgaria1884
British Cape Colony1896The Union of South Africa was recognized as the successor state of this ratification.
Chile1879
Qing dynasty1904
Colombia1906
Congo Free State1888
Republic of Cuba (1902–1959)1907
Denmark1864Original signatory.
Dominican Republic1907
Ecuador1907
El Salvador1874
Second French Empire France1864Original signatory.
German Empire1906
Kingdom of Greece1865
Guatemala1903
Haiti1907
Grand Duchy of Hesse1866Original signatory.
Papal States Holy See1868
Honduras1898
Iran Persia1874
Kingdom of Italy1864Original signatory.
Empire of Japan1886
Korean Empire1903
Luxembourg1888
Mecklenburg-Schwerin Mecklenburg-Schwerin1895
Mexico1905
Principality of Montenegro1875
Netherlands1864Original signatory.
Nicaragua1898
Orange Free State1897
Ottoman Empire1865
Panama1907
Paraguay1907
Peru1880
Kingdom of Portugal1866Original signatory.
Kingdom of Prussia1865Original signatory.
Romania Romania1874
Russian Empire1867
Kingdom of Saxony1866
Serbia Serbia1876
Spain Spain1864Original signatory.
United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway1864
Switzerland1864Original signatory.
Thailand Siam1895
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland1865
United States1882
Uruguay1900
Venezuela1894
Württemberg Württemberg1864Original signatory.

;Notes

References

References

  1. "Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (Protocol I), 8 June 1977". [[International Committee of the Red Cross]].
  2. "Protection des victimes de la guerre". [[Federal Department of Foreign Affairs.
  3. "1949 Conventions and Additional Protocols, and their Commentaries". [[International Committee of the Red Cross]].
  4. "Geneva Convention relative to the protection of civilian persons in time of war". United Nations Treaty Collection.
  5. "Conventions de Genève pour la protection des victimes de la guerre: Convention pour l'amélioration du sort des blessés et des malades dans les forces armées en campagne". [[Federal Department of Foreign Affairs.
  6. "Conventions de Genève pour la protection des victimes de la guerre: Convention pour l'amélioration du sort des blessés, des malades et des naufragés des forces armées sur mer". [[Federal Department of Foreign Affairs.
  7. "Conventions de Genève pour la protection des victimes de la guerre: Convention relative au traitement des prisonniers de guerre". [[Federal Department of Foreign Affairs.
  8. "Conventions de Genève pour la protection des victimes de la guerre: Convention relative à la protection des personnes civiles en temps de guerre". [[Federal Department of Foreign Affairs.
  9. "Protocole additionnel aux Conventions de Genève du 12 août 1949 relatif à la protection des victimes des conflits armés internationaux (Protocole I)". [[Federal Department of Foreign Affairs.
  10. "Protocole additionnel aux Conventions de Genève du 12 août 1949 relatif à la protection des victimes des conflits armés non internationaux (Protocole II)". [[Federal Department of Foreign Affairs.
  11. "Protocole additionnel aux Conventions de Genève du 12 août 1949 relatif à l'adoption d'un signe distinctif additionnel (Protocole III)". [[Federal Department of Foreign Affairs.
  12. "Protocole additionnel aux Conventions de Genève du 12 août 1949 relatif à la protection des victimes des conflits armés internationaux (Protocole I) - Etats ayant fait la déclaration prévue à l'article 90". [[Federal Department of Foreign Affairs.
  13. (2000-07-07). "Notification to the Governments of the States parties to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 for the Protection of War Victims". [[Federal Department of Foreign Affairs.
  14. "Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 - China". [[International Committee of the Red Cross]].
  15. (1999-06-28). "Notification to the Governments of the States parties to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 for the Protection of War Victims". [[Federal Department of Foreign Affairs.
  16. (1997-06-24). "Notification to the Governments of the States parties to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 for the Protection of War Victims". [[Federal Department of Foreign Affairs.
  17. "Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 - United Kingdom". [[International Committee of the Red Cross]].
  18. "Historical Information". [[United Nations Treaty Series]].
  19. (1983-11-30). "Accession of the United Nations Council for Namibia to the four Conventions and the two Protocols Additional". [[Federal Department of Foreign Affairs.
  20. (1991-10-25). "Succession by Namibia to the Conventions". [[Federal Department of Foreign Affairs.
  21. (1994-07-27). "Declaration by Namibia". [[Federal Department of Foreign Affairs.
  22. (1987-07-10). "Notification to the Governments of the States Parties to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 for the Protoection of War Victims". [[Federal Department of Foreign Affairs.
  23. (2006-12-15). "Notification to the Governments of the States Parties to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 for the Protoection of War Victims". [[Federal Department of Foreign Affairs.
  24. (2011-10-17). "Notification to the Governments of the States Parties to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 for the Protoection of War Victims". [[Federal Department of Foreign Affairs.
  25. "Niue". [[International Committee of the Red Cross]].
  26. (2014-09-29). "State Parties to the Following International Humanitarian Law and Other Related Treaties as of 29-Sep-2014". [[International Committee of the Red Cross]].
  27. (2006). "Niue Laws". [[Government of Niue]].
  28. (1988-03-15). "Notification to the Governments of the States Parties to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 for the Protoection of War Victims". [[Federal Department of Foreign Affairs.
  29. (1997-04-30). "Geneva Conventions for the protection of war victims of 12 August 1949 and Additional Protocols of 8 June 1977 Ratifications, accessions and successions as at 31 December 1996". [[International Committee of the Red Cross]].
  30. (1989-09-13). "Note of information". [[Federal Department of Foreign Affairs.
  31. (1990-12-11). "Information note". [[Federal Department of Foreign Affairs.
  32. (2014-04-10). "Notification to the Governments of the States parties to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 for the Protection of War Victims". [[Federal Department of Foreign Affairs.
  33. (2015-01-09). "Notification to the Governments of the States parties to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 for the Protection of War Victims". [[Federal Department of Foreign Affairs.
  34. "Указ Президента Российской Федерации от 16.10.2019 № 494 ∙ Официальное опубликование правовых актов".
  35. link
  36. (2002-11-01). "Notification to the Governments of the States Parties to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 for the Protoection of War Victims". [[Federal Department of Foreign Affairs.
  37. (2011-07-01). "Notification to the Governments of the States Parties to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 for the Protoection of War Victims". [[Federal Department of Foreign Affairs.
  38. (2013-02-07). "Notification to the Governments of the States Parties to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 for the Protoection of War Victims". [[Federal Department of Foreign Affairs.
  39. link
  40. (June 27, 1955). "GENEVA CONVENTIONS FOR THE PROTECTION OF WAR VICTIMS - REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS ON EXECUTIVES D, E, F, AND G EIGHTY-SECOND CONGRESS FIRST SESSION".
  41. (1990-05-31). "Ratification of the Additional Protocols I and II by the Yemen Arab Republic". [[Federal Department of Foreign Affairs.
  42. (1977-06-27). "Declaration of Accession by the People's Republic of Yemen". [[Federal Department of Foreign Affairs.
  43. "Autorité ayant fait la déclaration unilatérale prévue à l'article 96, paragraphe 3". [[Federal Department of Foreign Affairs.
  44. (2015-06-26). "Unilateral declaration pursuant to Article 96, paragraph 3, of Protocol I". [[Federal Department of Foreign Affairs.
  45. (2 September 2015). "Unilateral Declaration by Polisario under API accepted by Swiss Federal Council".
  46. "Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded in Armies in the Field. Geneva, 22 August 1864". [[International Committee of the Red Cross]].
  47. "History".
  48. "Archived copy".
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