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List of oldest universities in continuous operation

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This is a list of the oldest existing universities in continuous operation in the world.

Inclusion in this list is determined by the date at which the educational institute first met the traditional definition of a university used by academic historians although it may have existed as a different kind of institution before that time. This definition limits the term "university" to institutions with distinctive structural and legal features that developed in Europe, and which make the university form different from other institutions of higher learning in the pre-modern world, even though these may sometimes now be referred to popularly as universities.

To be included in the list, the university must have been founded prior to 1500 in Europe or be the oldest university derived from the medieval European model in a country or region. It must also still be in operation, with institutional continuity retained throughout its history. Some early universities, including the University of Paris, founded around the beginning of the 13th century are excluded. Some institutions reemerge, but with new foundations, such as the modern University of Paris, which came into existence in 1896 after the Louis Liard law disbanded Napoleon's University of France system.

The word "university" is derived from the Latin universitas magistrorum et scholarium, which approximately means "community of teachers and scholars." The University of Bologna in Bologna, Italy, where teaching began around 1088 and which was organised into a university in the late 12th century, is the world's oldest university in continuous operation, and the first university in the sense of a higher-learning and degree-awarding institute. The origin of many medieval universities can be traced back to the Catholic cathedral schools or monastic schools, which appeared as early as the 6th century and were run for hundreds of years prior to their formal establishment as universities in the high medieval period.

Ancient higher-learning institutions, such as those of ancient Greece, Africa, ancient Persia, ancient Rome, Byzantium, ancient China, ancient India and the Islamic world, are not included in this list owing to their cultural, historical, structural and legal differences from the medieval European university from which the modern university evolved. These include the University of al-Qarawiyyin, University of Ez-Zitouna and Al-Azhar University, which were founded as mosques in 859, 698 or 734, and 972 respectively. These developed associated madrasas; the dates when organised teaching began are uncertain, but by 1129 for al-Qarawiyyin in the 13th century for Ez-Zitouna, and Al-Azhar. They became universities in 1963, 1956 and 1961 respectively.

Medieval origins

Main article: Medieval university

The university as an institution was historically rooted in medieval society, which it in turn influenced and shaped. Academic historian Walter Rüegg asserts that:

Modern spread

From the early modern period onwards, the university spread from the medieval Latin West across the globe, eventually replacing all other higher-learning institutions and becoming the preeminent institution for higher education everywhere. The process occurred in the following chronological order:

Southern and Western Europe (from the 11th or 12th century)
Central and Northern Europe (from the 14th or 15th century)
Americas (from the 16th century)
Australia (from the 19th century)
Asia and Africa (from the 19th or 20th century), with the exception of the Philippines, where the University of Santo Tomas was established in the 17th century.

Founded as universities before 1500

Main article: List of medieval universities

This list includes medieval universities that were founded before 1500 and which have retained institutional continuity since then (excluding not only those that ceased to exist, but also those that merged into or split away to an institution which is regarded as newly established). Several of these have been closed for brief periods: for example the University of Siena was closed 18051815 during the Napoleonic Wars, and universities in the Czech Republic and Poland were closed during Nazi occupation, 1938–1945.

Universities are dated from when, according to scholars, they first met the definition of a university. In cases such as the universities of Bologna and Oxford which trace their history back to teaching in individual schools prior to their formation into a university, or which existed in another form prior to being a university, the date in the list below is thus later than the date given by the institutions for their foundation.

Year	University	Location	Notes	Original	Current
title=A History of the University in Europe	volume=1, Universities in the Middle Ages	page=48	chapter=Patterns	author=Jacques Verger	editor1=Hilde de Ridder-Symoens	editor2=Walter Rüegg	publisher=Cambridge University Press	date=16 October 2003	isbn=9780521541138	quote=There is no indication, however, that up until around 1180, the Bolognese law schools were anything other than private schools opened and run by each master after his own fashion, gathering together the students that had entered into an agreement with him and paid him fees (collectae) in return for his teaching. The crucial change would seem to have taken place around the years 1180–90. ... The masters, who were themselves mainly Bolognese in origin, agreed from 1189 to swear an oath to the commune not to seek to transfer the studium elsewhere. The students, on the other hand, began to group themselves in nations, according to their places of origin (we hear of the Lombard nation as early as 1191), and these were soon federated into 'universities' with elected rectors at their head.	1088}})	University of Bologna	[[File:Corona ferrea monza (heraldry).svg	24px]] Kingdom of Italy,
Holy Roman Empire	Italy Bologna, Italy	url=https://www.unibo.it/en/university/who-we-are/our-history/university-from-12th-to-20th-century	title=The University from the 12th to the 20th century	publisher=University of Bologna	access-date=14 February 2021	archive-date=5 April 2021	archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210405221329/https://www.unibo.it/en/university/who-we-are/our-history/university-from-12th-to-20th-century	url-status=live}} In 1158, petitions by Bolognese doctors of law led to Emperor Barbarossa granting the "Authentic Habita", which granted various rights to students and masters but did not name Bologna or any other particular place of study. However, it is unlikely that the university had become organised by the 1150s, and this may have been as late as the 1180s. The law schools appear to have remained independent, private entities until around 1180, but became organised over the following decade. In 1189 the masters made an agreement with the commune not to transfer the studium to another town, while the Lombard students were organised into a "nation" by 1191.
quote=There were schools in operation in Oxford from at least as early as the middle of the twelfth century; an embryonic university organization was in existence from 1200, even before the first papal statutes (1214), which were complemented by royal charters, had established its first institutions	pages=52–53	title=A History of the University in Europe	volume=1, Universities in the Middle Ages	chapter=Patterns	author=Jacques Verger	editor1=Hilde de Ridder-Symoens	editor2=Walter Rüegg	publisher=Cambridge University Press	date=16 October 2003	isbn=9780521541138	chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5Z1VBEbF0HAC&pg=PA52}}
(teaching from )	University of Oxford	Kingdom of England	UK Oxford, United Kingdom	Teaching existed in Oxford from the late 11th century, with the university giving the date of 1096 for the earliest classes. However, it was not until the early 13th century that the schools in Oxford took on an organised character. In 1201 a papal letter described John Grimm as magister scolarum Oxonie. In 1209 the masters suspended their teaching in Oxford and moved to other towns (including Cambridge, leading to the foundation of the university there), returning after a bull issued on 20 June 1214 by the papal legate, Niccolò de Romanis, that granted a number of rights to the university and established the office of chancellor. Both Oxford and Cambridge were granted rights of discipline over students and of fixing rents in letters issued by King Henry III in 1231. A royal charter, sometimes referred to as the Magna Carta of the university, was granted in 1244, awarding further rights to the university.{{cite book	page=274	chapter=The Endowments of the University and Colleges to circa 1348	author1=Trevor Henry Aston	author2 = Rosamond Faith
pages=62–65, 68	title=A History of the University in Europe	volume=1, Universities in the Middle Ages	chapter=Patterns	author=Jacques Verger	editor1=Hilde de Ridder-Symoens	editor2=Walter Rüegg	publisher=Cambridge University Press	date=16 October 2003	isbn=9780521541138	chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5Z1VBEbF0HAC&pg=PA62	access-date=29 March 2021	archive-date=10 April 2021	archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410110356/https://books.google.com/books?id=5Z1VBEbF0HAC&pg=PA62	url-status=live}}	University of Cambridge	Kingdom of England	UK Cambridge, United Kingdom	url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iMDmCwAAQBAJ&pg=PR58	title=The University of Oxford: A History	author=L. W. B. Brockliss	publisher=Oxford University Press	date= 2016	page=18	isbn=9780199243563}} The university takes 1209 as its official founding year. Along with Oxford, Cambridge was granted rights of discipline over its students and of fixing rents in letters issued by King Henry III in 1231.
1218–1219	University of Salamanca	[[File:Leon banner.svg	border	26px	Pennant of the Kingdom of León]] Kingdom of León	Spain Salamanca, Spain	url=http://m.usal.es/webusal/en/node/941?bcp=conocenos	language=es	title=Reseña Histórica de la USAL	publisher=University of Salamanca	access-date=30 January 2017	archive-date=11 September 2017	archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170911114909/http://m.usal.es/webusal/en/node/941?bcp=conocenos	url-status=live}}
1222	University of Padua	[[File:Flag of Bologna.svg	border	26px]] Medieval commune of Padua	Italy Padua, Italy	Founded by scholars and professors after leaving Bologna. Awarded the first degree in the world to be conferred on a woman, Elena Cornaro Piscopia, in 1678.
1224	University of Naples Federico II	[[File:King Manfred of Sicily Arms.svg	20px]] Kingdom of Sicily	Italy Naples, Italy	Frederick II]], Holy Roman Emperor and king of Sicily. Refounded in 1234, 1239 and 1465, and closed 1490–1507.
1290	University of Coimbra	[[File:PortugueseFlag1248.svg	20px	Flag of Portugal (1248–1385)]] Kingdom of Portugal
Portugal Coimbra, Portugal	journal=Nature	date=1 January 1938	title=The Quatercentenary of the University of Coimbra	author=F. G. Donnan	volume=141	issue=3558	page=63	doi=10.1038/141063a0	bibcode=1938Natur.141...63D	s2cid=4122832	doi-access=free}}
1241
(Papal recognition 1346)	University of Valladolid	[[File:Banner of arms crown of Castille Habsbourg style.svg	border	26px	Pennant of the Crown of Castile]] Crown of Castile	Spain Valladolid, Spain	url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9otEuneTZ74C&pg=PA559	page=559	title=La educación en la Hispania antigua y medieval	author=Bernabé Bartolomé Martínez	language=es	publisher=Ediciones Morata	date=1 January 1992	isbn=9788471123749}} with the first documented reference dating from 1241.
1308	University of Perugia	[[File:Emblem of the Papacy SE.svg	22px	Coat of arms of the Papal States]] Papal States	Italy Perugia, Italy	The university traces its history back to 1276 and statutes were granted in 1306 prior to the bull of Pope Clement V of 8 September 1308.
1348	Charles University	[[File:Blason Boheme.svg	22px	Coat of arms of the Kingdom of Bohemia]] Kingdom of Bohemia,
Holy Roman Empire	Czech Republic Prague, Czech Republic	Faculties of theology, law and medicine closed during the Bohemian Reformation, leaving only the faculty of liberal arts. Became Charles-Ferdinand University after the Thirty Years' War, with all four faculties restored. Split into German and Czech parts in 1882; the Czech branch restored the name Charles University after independence in 1918 and closed briefly during Nazi occupation (1939–1945) while the German branch closed permanently in 1945.
1357
(originally 1246–1252)	University of Siena	[[File:Siena-Stemma.png	18px	Coat of arms of Siena]] Republic of Siena	Italy Siena, Italy	Claims to have been founded in 1240 by the Commune of Siena, although Rashdall dates the proclamation of the Studium to 1246, when Frederick II tried to place a ban on scholars travelling to Bologna, the date also given by Verger. Closed temporarily in 1808–1815 when Napoleonic forces occupied Tuscany.
1361	University of Pavia	[[File:Coat of arms of the House of Visconti (1277).svg	18px	House of Visconti]] Domain of the House of Visconti	Italy Pavia, Italy	Transferred to Piacenza 1398–1412. Closed for short periods during the Italian Wars, Napoleonic wars, and Revolutions of 1848.
1364	Jagiellonian University	[[File:Alex K Kingdom of Poland3.svg	22px]] Kingdom of Poland	Poland Kraków, Poland	Founded by King Casimir the Great as a studium generale in 1364. After the death of Casimir the Great in 1370, the development of the university stalled, with lectures being held in various places across the city, including several churches and the Wawel cathedral school and eventually coming to a pause. The faculty of theology was re-opened in 1397 by Queen Jadwiga who later left a large endowment to the university upon her death in 1399. The university was formally re-established on 26 July 1400 by King Władysław Jagiełło. After Kraków was incorporated into the Austrian Empire, the university was merged with Lwów University from 1805 to 1809. The university was forcibly shut down during the German Occupation of Poland (1939–1945). The staff was deported to German-Nazi concentration camps, and many of its collections were deliberately destroyed by the occupying German authorities. Underground lectures continued for around 800 students during this period and the university formally reopened in 1945.
1365	University of Vienna	[[File:Flag of Austria (1-1).svg	24px]] Duchy of Austria,
Holy Roman Empire	Austria Vienna, Austria	Founded by Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria, granted papal assent in 1384 by Pope Urban VI. The oldest university in the contemporary German-speaking world; it remains a question of definition whether Charles University in Prague was also German-speaking when founded. Due to its strong association with the Catholic Church, the university suffered setbacks during the Reformation, but never ceased operation.
1385	Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg	[[File:Banner of the Palatinate.svg	24px]] Electoral Palatinate,
Holy Roman Empire	Germany Heidelberg, Germany	Oldest university in Germany. Pope Urban VI granted permission for the founding of a university in October 1385 to Rupert I, Elector Palatine; teaching began in June 1386. Gradually declined during the 17th and 18th centuries until re-established as a state-owned institution by Karl Friedrich, Grand Duke of Baden in 1803.

(originally 1343 to )	University of Pisa	[[File:Shield of the Republic of Pisa.svg	22px	Coat of arms of the Republic of Pisa]] Republic of Pisa	Italy Pisa, Italy	bull]] of Pope Clement VI, although according to the university "a number of scholars claim its origin dates back to the 11th century". Transferred to Pistoia, Prato and Florence between 1494 and 1543.
1404	University of Turin	Duchy of Savoy	Italy Turin, Italy
1409	University of Leipzig	Holy Roman Empire	Germany Leipzig, Germany
url = https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/about/history/brief/	title = A brief history of the University	publisher = University of St Andrews	access-date = 20 February 2021	archive-date = 20 October 2020	archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201020085228/https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/about/history/brief/	url-status = live }}	University of St. Andrews	Kingdom of Scotland	UK St. Andrews, United Kingdom	A school of higher studies was founded at St Andrews in 1410 by a group of Augustinian clergy, driven from the University of Paris by the Avignon schism and from the universities of Oxford and Cambridge by the Anglo-Scottish Wars. St Andrews was the obvious choice for such a school in Scotland — "for centuries, it was the heart of the Scottish church and political activities" and "the seat of the greatest bishopric in Scotland and location of a monastery noted as a centre for learning". A charter of incorporation and privileges was granted on 28 February 1412 by the Bishop of St Andrews, Henry Wardlaw. He petitioned the Avignon Pope Benedict XIII to grant the school university status, which was conferred by a series of papal bulls on 28 August 1413. King James I of Scotland confirmed the charter of the university in 1432. Subsequent kings supported the university, with King James V of Scotland "confirming privileges of the university" in 1532.
1419	University of Rostock	Holy Roman Empire	Germany Rostock, Germany	Continuous operation during the Reformation is disputed. Some sources state that "the Catholic university of Rostock closed altogether and the closure was long enough to make the refounded body feel a new institution" and that the university fell into complete decay after the beginning of the Reformation in (1523) when the university revenues were lost and matriculations ceased". However, Johann Oldendorp is reported by several sources as having held a professorship at the university from 1526 to 1534, although this is not proven beyond doubt, and other historians refer to "the remaining university lecturers" as supporting plans to restore the university revenues in 1532 (which was eventually accomplished via the Rostock Formula concordiae in 1563). There are records of a number of professors being appointed in 1551, including Johannes Aurifaber, David Chytraeus, and .
1430
(originally 1391–1394)	University of Ferrara	[[File:Arms of the house of Este (1).svg	18px	House of Este]] House of Este	Italy Ferrara, Italy
1400}})	Sapienza University of Rome	[[File:Emblem of the Papacy SE.svg	22px	Coat of arms of the Papal States]] Papal States	Italy Rome, Italy	Founded in 1303 but closed at the end of the 14th century; refounded 1431.
1444	University of Catania	Two Sicilies Kingdom of Sicily	Italy Catania, Italy	Oldest university in Sicily. Founded in 1434 when King Alfonso I of Sicily, authorized the creation of a Studium Generale with the power to grant official academic degrees. However, it was not until 1444 that Pope Eugene IV issued the official founding bull for the Siculorum Gymnasium.
1450	University of Barcelona	[[File:Estandarte de la Corona de Aragon.svg	22px	Standard of the Crown of Aragon]] Crown of Aragon	Spain Barcelona, Spain	Founded by Alfonso V of Aragon on 3 September 1450 as the Estudi General de Barcelona. From 1401 the city had a medical school founded by King Martin of Aragon (the Estudi General de Medecina de Barcelona), to which a faculty of arts was added in 1402. Before this, there were chairs of higher education (associated with the cathedral, the Dominican Convent of Santa Carolina, and the escoles majors supported by the city's governing council) from the 13th century.
1451	University of Glasgow	Kingdom of Scotland	UK Glasgow, United Kingdom	Founded by papal bull in 1451, it is the fourth-oldest university in the English-speaking world and one of Scotland's four ancient universities. Along with the universities of Edinburgh, Aberdeen, and St Andrews, the university was part of the Scottish Enlightenment during the 18th century.
1456	University of Greifswald	Holy Roman Empire	Germany Greifswald, Germany	Some professors from Rostock taught temporarily in Greifswald between 1437 and 1443 due to unrest in Rostock. The university was founded in 1456 by Duke Wartislaw IX with the approval of Pope Callixtus III on the initiative of Heinrich Rubenow, Lord Mayor of Greifswald (and first rector). Teaching paused temporarily during the Protestant Reformation (1527–39).
1457	Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg	Germany Freiburg, Germany	A papal bull of 1455 authorised the Bishop of Constance to establish a university, and in 1457 a ducal charter from Albert VI, Archduke of Austria founded the university.
1459	University of Basel	Switzerland Basel, Switzerland
url=https://archive.org/details/universitieseur07rashgoog/page/n290	pages=270–272	title= The Universities of Europe in the Middle Ages: pt. 1. Italy. Spain. France. Germany. Scotland, etc	publisher= Clarendon Press	author=Hastings Rashdall	year=1895}}	Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich	Germany Munich, Germany	Papal bull obtained in 1459 from Pope Pius II by Louis the Rich but opening delayed by war. Opened in Ingolstadt in 1479. Transferred to Landshut in 1800 and then to Munich in 1826.
1475–1479	University of Copenhagen	Kingdom of Denmark within the
Kalmar Union	Denmark Copenhagen, Denmark	Founded by papal bull in 1475 and royal decree in 1478, opening in 1479.
1476	Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen	Holy Roman Empire	Germany Tübingen, Germany
1477	Uppsala University	[[File:Svensk_flagg_1815.svg	20px	link=]] Kingdom of Sweden within the
Kalmar Union	Sweden Uppsala, Sweden	Established in 1477 by the Catholic Archbishop Jakob Ulvsson. Decayed due to political unrest in the first decade of the 16th century and then the Reformation in the 1520s and 30s, remaining "only an idea without real content" until re-chartered in 1595.
1495	University of Aberdeen	Kingdom of Scotland	UK Aberdeen, United Kingdom	King's College was founded by a papal bull in 1495 and then Marischal College in 1593; they merged in 1860.
1499	Complutense University of Madrid	[[File:Banner of arms crown of Castille Habsbourg style.svg	border	26px	Pennant of the Crown of Castile]] Crown of Castile	Spain Madrid, Spain	A studium generale was founded by Sancho IV of Castile in 1293 in Alcalá de Henares. Very little is known of this institution over the next two centuries. In 1499 a papal bull was granted by Pope Alexander VI authorising Archbishop Cisneros to establish a Colegio Mayor in Alcalá with the same powers as the universities of Salamanca and Valladolid, from which date Verger considers it a university. The university was moved to Madrid in 1836 by royal decree.
1500	University of Valencia	[[File:Estandarte de la Corona de Aragon.svg	22px	Standard of the Crown of Aragon]] Crown of Aragon	Spain Valencia, Spain

Oldest universities by country or region after 1500 still in operation

Many universities were established at institutes of learning such as schools and colleges that may have been founded significantly earlier but were not classed as universities upon their foundation; this is normally described in the notes for that institution. In some countries (particularly the US and those influenced by its culture), degree-granting higher education institutions that would normally be called universities are instead called colleges. In this case, both the oldest institution that would normally be regarded as a university and the oldest institution (if different) to actually be called a university are given. In many parts of the world, the first university to have a presence was an institution based elsewhere (often the University of London via the affiliation of a local college); where this is different from the first locally established university, both are given.

Africa

Location	Current name	Year	Notes	Current	Original
Algeria
(Algiers)	FRA French Algeria
(Algiers)	University of Algiers	1909
Angola
(Luanda)	POR Portuguese Angola
(Luanda)	Agostinho Neto University	1962	Founded as Estudos Gerais Universitários de Angola. Was renamed Universidade de Luanda (University of Luanda) in 1968. After Angolan independence from Portugal in 1975, the institution was renamed the University of Angola (Universidade de Angola). In 1985 it was renamed Agostinho Neto University, in honour of Agostinho Neto, the first President of Angola.
Benin
(Abomey-Calavi)	Benin Republic of Dahomey
(Abomey-Calavi)	University of Abomey-Calavi	1970	Originally the University of Dahomey. Renamed the National University of Benin in 1975 and took its current name in 2001.
Botswana
(Gaborone, Francistown, Maun)	University of Botswana	1964 (as part of the University of Botswana, Lesotho and Swaziland; university 1982)
Burkina Faso
(Ouagadougou)	[[File:Flag_of_Upper_Volta.svg	23px]] Republic of Upper Volta
(Ouagadougou)	University of Ouagadougou	1974
Burundi
(Bujumbura)	[[File:Flag of Burundi (1962–1966).svg	23px]] Kingdom of Burundi
(Bujumbura)	University of Burundi	1964
Cameroon
(Yaoundé)	[[File:Flag_of_Cameroon_(1961-1975).svg	23px]] Federal Republic of Cameroon
(Yaoundé)	University of Yaoundé	1962	In 1993 following a university reform the University of Yaounde was split into two (University of Yaoundé I and University of Yaoundé II) following the university branch-model pioneered by the University of Paris.
Cape Verde
(Praia)	Jean Piaget University of Cape Verde	2001	As a result of the merger of the two previously existing higher education establishments (ISE and ISECMAR)
Central African Republic
(Bangui)	University of Bangui	1969
Chad
(N'Djamena)	University of N'Djamena	1971	Originally the University of Chad, renamed the University of N'Djamena 1994.
Comoros
(Moroni)	University of the Comoros	2003
Democratic Republic of the Congo
(Kinshasa)	[[File:Flag of the Congo Free State.svg	23px]] Belgian Congo
(Kinshasa)	University of Kinshasa	1954	Originator established as the Lovanium University, affiliated to the Catholic University of Leuven. Merged into the National University of Zaire in 1971 then demerged under its current name in 1981.
Republic of the Congo
(Brazzaville)	[[File:Flag_of_the_People's_Republic_of_Congo.svg	23px]] People's Republic of the Congo
(Brazzaville)	Marien Ngouabi University	1971	Founded as the University of Brazzaville in 1971, changed to current name in 1977.
Djibouti
(Djibouti City)	University of Djibouti	2006
Egypt
(Giza)	EGY Khedivate of Egypt
(Cairo)	Cairo University	1908	The oldest university in Egypt and second oldest higher education institution (after Al-Azhar University, which was founded as a madrasa and became a university in 1962)
Equatorial Guinea
(Malabo)	National University of Equatorial Guinea	1995
Eritrea
(Mai Nefhi)	Eritrea Institute of Technology	2003	Founded following the closure of the University of Asmara, which had been established as a college in 1958
Eswatini
(Kwaluseni)	Swaziland
(Kwaluseni)	University of Eswatini	1964 (as part of the University of Botswana, Lesotho and Swaziland; university 1982)	Originally established as the University of Swaziland, changed to current name in 2018
Ethiopia
(Addis Ababa)	ETH Ethiopian Empire
(Addis Ababa)	University of Addis Ababa	1950 (as college offering degree courses; university 1962)	The university was originally called the University College of Addis Ababa in 1950, offering courses leading to degrees of the University of London. It became Haile Selassie I University in 1962, named after the Ethiopian Emperor Haile Selassie I. The institution received its current name in 1975.
Gabon
(Libreville)	Omar Bongo University	1970	Founded as the National University of Gabon and took current name in 1978
Gambia
(Serekunda)	University of the Gambia	1999
Ghana
(Accra)	Gold Coast
(Accra)	University of Ghana	1948 (as affiliate college of the University of London; university 1961)	Founded as the University College of the Gold Coast, an affiliate college of the University of London which supervised its academic programmes and awarded the degrees. It gained full university status in 1961.
Guinea
(Conakry)	Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry	1962
Guinea-Bissau
(Bissau)	Universidade Colinas de Boé	2003
Universidade Amílcar Cabral	2003
Ivory Coast
(Abidjan)	Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny	1964 (as main campus of the University of Abidjan; university 1996)
Kenya
(Nairobi)	[[File:Flag of Kenya (1921–1963).svg	link=[[:File:Flag of British East Africa]].svg	23px]] Colony and Protectorate of Kenya	University of Nairobi	1961 (as affiliate college of the University of London; college 1956; university 1970)	jstor=41821619	title=The University of East Africa	author= J. M. Hyslop	journal= Minerva	volume= 2	issue=3	date= 1964	pages=286–302	doi=10.1007/BF01097318	s2cid=145768841}}
Lesotho
(Roma)	National University of Lesotho	1964 (as part of the University of Botswana, Lesotho and Swaziland; college 1945; university 1975
Liberia
(Monrovia)	University of Liberia	1951 (college 1863)	Building on Liberia College founded in 1863
Libya
(Benghazi & Tripoli)	LBY Kingdom of Libya
(Benghazi)	University of Libya	1956	A royal decree was issued on 15 December 1955 for the founding of the university. The first faculty to be formed was the Faculty of Literature in Benghazi, and the royal palace "Al Manar", from which King Idris I of Libya declared its independence on 24 December 1951, was assigned to be the campus. Later divided to University of Benghazi and University of Tripoli, the names were changed again during Gaddafi's era, but now they have reinstated their original names.
Madagascar
(Antananarivo)	FRA Colony of Madagascar and Dependencies
(Antananarivo)	University of Antananarivo	1961 (as university; institute for advanced studies 1955)	Founded December 1955 as the Institute for Advanced Studies in Antananarivo. Renamed the University of Madagascar in 1961.
Malawi
(Zomba, Blantyre & Lilongwe)	University of Malawi	1965
Mali
(Bamako)	University of Bamako	1996
Mauritania
(Nouakchott)	University of Nouakchott Al Aasriya	1981
Mauritius
(Moka)	Mauritius British Mauritius
(Moka)	University of Mauritius	1965	The Faculty of Agriculture is the oldest faculty of the university. It was founded in 1914 as the School of Agriculture in 1914, and in 1966 it was incorporated into the newly established University of Mauritius.
Morocco
(Fez)	Idrisid dynasty
(Fez)	University of Al Quaraouiyine	1965 (as university; madrasa 859)	Traces its origins back to the al-Qarawiyyin mosque and associated madrasa founded by Fatima al-Fihri in 859, and was named a university in 1965. Considered by some the oldest continuously operating institution of higher learning in the world, though only became an official university in 1965.
Morocco
(Rabat)	Mohammed V University	1957	Founded as University of Rabat
Mozambique
(Maputo)	POR Portuguese Mozambique
(Lourenço Marques)	Eduardo Mondlane University	1962
Namibia
(Windhoek)	University of Namibia	1992
Niger
(Niamey)	Abdou Moumouni University	1974	Originally the University of Niamey
Nigeria
(Ibadan)	[[File:Flag of Nigeria (1914–1952).svg	23px]] Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria
(Yaba, Lagos)	University of Ibadan	1949 (as affiliated college of the University of London; college 1932; university 1962)	Founded as Yaba College in 1932 in Yaba, Lagos, as the first tertiary educational institute in Nigeria. Yaba College was transferred to Ibadan, becoming the University College of Ibadan, in 1948 and was a university college associated with the University of London. Independent university since 1962.
Nigeria
(Nsukka)	Nigeria Federation of Nigeria
(Nsukka)	University of Nigeria, Nsukka	1960	First university in Nigeria.
Rwanda
(Kigali)	Rwanda
(Kigali)	University of Rwanda	1963	Founded as the National University of Rwanda in Butare in 1963; incorporated into the University of Rwanda 2013
São Tomé and Príncipe
(São Tomé)	University of São Tomé and Príncipe	2014 (as university; polytechnic school 1996)
Sahrawi Republic
(Tifariti)	University of Tifariti	2013
Senegal
(Dakar)	FranceFrench Senegal
(Dakar)	Cheikh Anta Diop University	1957
Seychelles
(Anse Royale)	University of Seychelles	2009
Sierra Leone
(Freetown)	[[File:Flag of Sierra Leone (1916–1961).svg	23px]] Sierra Leone Colony and Protectorate
(Freetown)	Fourah Bay College	1876 (as affiliated college of Durham University; college 1827; part of University of Sierra Leone 1967)	Oldest university-level institution in Africa. Founded as a missionary school to train teachers in 1827. Became an affiliated college of Durham University in 1876 and awarded first degrees in West Africa in 1878. Became part of the federal University of Sierra Leone in 1967.
Somalia
(Mogadishu)	Italy Trust Territory of Somaliland
(Mogadishu)	Somali National University	1954
RSA
(Pretoria)	Cape Colony Cape Colony
(Cape Town)	University of South Africa	1873	Originally founded as the University of the Cape of Good Hope in 1916 it was transformed into the federal University of South Africa (Unisa) and relocated to Pretoria.
South Sudan
(Juba)	Sudan Democratic Republic of the Sudan
(Juba)	University of Juba	1975
Sudan
(Khartoum)	[[File:Flag of Sudan (1956–1970).svg	23px]] Republic of the Sudan
(Khartoum)	University of Khartoum	1956 (as university; college 1902)	Renamed from Gordon Memorial College, founded 1902, when it gained full university status in 1956
Tanzania
(Dar es Salaam)	[[File:Flag of Tanganyika (1923–1961).svg	23px]] Tanganyika Territory
(Dar es Salaam)	University of Dar es Salaam	1961 (as affiliated college of the University of London; part of the University of East Africa 1963; university 1970)
Togo
(Lomé)	University of Lomé	1970	Originally the University of Benin, changed to current name in 2001
Tunisia
(Tunis)	University of Ez-Zitouna	2012 (as independent university; mosque )	last=Deeb	first=Mary-Jane	author-link=Mary-Jane Deeb	url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordencycloped04espo/page/374/mode/1up	title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern Islamic World	publisher=Oxford University Press	year=1995	editor-last=Esposito	editor-first=John L.	pages=374–375	language=en	chapter=Zaytūnah}} It was re-founded as an independent institution in 2012.
University of Tunis	1960	Established in 1960 following Tunisia's independence.
Uganda
(Kampala)	[[File:Flag of the Uganda Protectorate.svg	23px]] British Protectorate of Uganda
(Kampala)	Makerere University	1949 (as affiliated college of the University of London; part of University of East Africa 1963; university 1970)	Started as a technical college in 1922. Then became an affiliate college of the University of London; part of the University of East Africa 1963. It would become an independent University 1970.
Zambia
(Lusaka)	University of Zambia	1966
Zimbabwe
(Harare)	Southern Rhodesia
(Salisbury)	University of Zimbabwe	1952 (as affiliated college of the University of London; university 1970)	Founded in 1952 as University College of Rhodesia and Nyasaland. University of Rhodesia from 1970 and University of Zimbabwe from 1980

Asia

Location	Current name	Year	Notes	Current	Original
Afghanistan
(Kabul)	Kingdom of Afghanistan Kingdom of Afghanistan
(Kabul)	Kabul University	1931	Founded in 1931, formally opened 1932.
Azerbaijan
(Baku)	Azerbaijan Azerbaijan Democratic Republic
(Baku)	Baku State University	1919	In 1930, the government ordered the university shut down in accordance with a reorganization of higher education, and the university was replaced with the Supreme Pedagogical Institute. In 1934 the university was reestablished.
Bahrain
(Sakhir, Isa Town)	University of Bahrain	1986
Bangladesh
(Dhaka)	British Raj
(Dacca, Bengal Presidency)	University of Dhaka	1921	First university in Bangladesh, opened 1 July 1921.
Bhutan
(Thimphu)	Royal University of Bhutan	2003
Brunei
(Bandar Seri Begawan)	University of Brunei Darussalam	1985
Cambodia
(Phnom Penh)	Cambodia French Protectorate of Cambodia
(Phnom Penh)	Royal University of Fine Arts	1917
PRC	Qing dynasty Qing Empire
Tianjin University	1895	The first higher education institution in China, established in 1895 as National Peiyang University (国立北洋大学). Restructured in 1951 and renamed Tianjin University.
Nanyang Public School and Jiaotong University	1896	Both universities were founded in 1896 and later merged and restructured several times. The most notable of their five modern successors is Shanghai Jiao Tong University.
Peking University	1898	Originally named Jingshi Daxuetang (), then National Beijing University ().
East Timor	National University of East Timor	2000
Hong Kong	Hong Kong	The University of Hong Kong	1911 (as university; college 1887)	Founded as the Hong Kong College of Medicine for Chinese in 1887, incorporated as a university in 1911
India
(Serampore)	DEN Danish India
(Frederiknagore)	Serampore College	1827 (as university; college 1818)	Incorporated and granted university status and the right to award degrees by royal charter of Frederick VI of Denmark on 23 February 1827, endorsed by the Bengal Government Act 1918.
Indonesia	Netherlands Dutch East Indies	Bandung Institute of Technology	1920	Founded as Technische Hogeschool. Renamed in 1959.
University of Indonesia	1947 (as university; medical school 1851; Hogeschool 1927)	Incorporates the medical school founded as the Dokter-Djawa School Batavia in 1851, which became the Geneeskundige Hogeschool in 1927 and the Rechts Hogeschool founded in 1924.
Iran	Persia Qajar Iran	Dar ul-Funun	1851	first modern university and modern institution of higher learning in Iran
Iran	Iran Imperial State of Persia	University of Tehran	1934	Founded by Rezā Shāh, incorporating portions of the Dar ul-Funun Polytechnic Institute (1851) and the Tehran School of Political Sciences (1899)
Iran Sublime State of Persia	Kharazmi University	1974 (as university; institute 1919)	Named after Khwarizmi (–850), Persian mathematician, astronomer and geographer. It was established in 1919 as the Central Teachers' Institute and gained university status as Tarbiat Moallem University of Tehran in 1974. It changed its name to Kharazmi University on January 31, 2012.
Iraq	Iraq Kingdom of Iraq	University of Baghdad	1956	The Iraqi Royal College of Medicine was established in 1928
Israel	Ottoman Empire
(Beirut vilayet)	Technion – Israel Institute of Technology	1912 (opened 1924)	Founded in 1912, but formal teaching began in 1924
FRAUK Occupied Enemy Territory Administration	Hebrew University of Jerusalem	1918
Japan	Empire of Japan	University of Tokyo	1877 (as a university; earliest predecessor 1630)	Previous names are University of Tokyo (1877–1886), Imperial University (1886–1897), and Tokyo Imperial University (1897–1947). Its origins include a private college of Confucian studies founded by Hayashi Razan in 1630, Tenmonkata (The Observatory, 1684) and Shutōsho (Smallpox Vaccination Centre, 1849).
The university was established in 1877 by the merger of three institutions: Shoheiko (Japanese and Chinese Literature, established 1789), Yogakusho (Occidental Studies, established 1855) and Shutosho (Vaccinations, established 1860), originally as Tokyo University before becoming the Imperial University and then Tokyo Imperial University before reverting to its original name after World War II.
Keio University	1920 (as university; school for Dutch studies 1858)	Founded as a "school for Dutch studies" in 1858. College with three university departments (literature, law and economics) established 1890. Accredited as a university by the Japanese government in 1920.
Ryukoku University	1922 (as "Daikyoko (Great School)" 1876; school 1639)	Traces its origins to a school for Buddhist monks of the Nishi Hongan-ji denomination founded in 1639. Assumed its current name and became a university under the University Ordinance in 1922.
Jordan	University of Jordan	1962
Kazakhstan	Soviet Union
([[File:Flag of The Kazakh Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic (1920-36).svg	20px	link=]] Kazakh Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic)	Al-Farabi Kazakh National University	1933
Kuwait	University of Kuwait	1966
Kyrgyzstan	Soviet Union
(Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic)	Kyrgyz National University	1951 (as university; institute of education 1925)
Laos	National University of Laos	1996
Lebanon	Ottoman Empire
(Syria vilayet)	American University of Beirut	1920 (as degree-awarding college 1866)	Originally Syrian Protestant College, chartered by the State of New York, took current name in 1920
Saint Joseph University	1872
Pakistan	British Raj
(Punjab)	University of the Punjab	1882	Established by British colonial authorities in 1882 as the first university in what would become Pakistan.
King Edward Medical University, Lahore	1860	Established as Lahore Medical College, 1860. Became an independent university in 2005.
Government College University, Lahore	2002 (as a University)
1864 (as college)	url=http://punjablaws.gov.pk/laws//443.html	title=The Government College University, Lahore Ordinance 2002	website=Punjab Laws Online	access-date=8 April 2017	archive-date=22 June 2018	archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622171959/http://punjablaws.gov.pk/laws/443.html	url-status=live}}
Macau	Macau	University of Macau	1981	Established as University of East Asia in 1981, renamed 1991
Malaysia	UK British Malaya	University of Malaya	1905	Established as Straits Settlements and Federated Malay States Government Medical School on 13 July 1905 in Singapore
Maldives	Maldives National University	1998 (as degree awarding college; university 2011)	Established in 1998 as the Maldives College of Higher Education, establishing its first degree course in 2000. Became the Maldives National University in 2011.
Mongolia	Mongolia Mongolian People's Republic	National University of Mongolia	1942
Myanmar	British Burma	Rangoon University	1878
Nepal	Kingdom of Nepal	Tribhuvan University	1959
North Korea	Provisional People's Committee of North Korea	Kim Il-sung University	1946
Oman	Sultan Qaboos University	1986
Palestine	[[File:Flag of the Israel Defense Forces.svg	20px]] Israeli Military Governorate	Bethlehem University	1973
Philippines	Spanish Empire Captaincy General of the Philippines	University of Santo Tomas	1645 (college 1611)	Founded on 28 April 1611 by the Order of Preachers and raised to university status by Pope Innocent X in 1645. The National Historical Commission of the Philippines recognizes it as the oldest university in Asia.
Qatar	Qatar University	1977
Saudi Arabia	King Saud University	1957
Singapore	Straits Settlements	National University of Singapore	1905	Founded as Straits and Federated Malay States Government Medical School
South Korea	Joseon	Sungkyunkwan University	1946 (as university; royal institution 1398; university 1895; closed 1910–1945)	Sŏnggyun'gwan was established in 1398 as the highest educational institution of the Joseon Dynasty. In 1895, Sungkyunkwan was reformed into a modern three-year university. It was closed in 1910 during the Japanese occupation of Korea. It was refounded as Sungkyunkwan University in 1946.
Ewha Womans University	1946 (as university; school 1886)	Established in 1886 as the Ewha Haktang mission school for girls, started higher education in 1910, and was reorganized as Ewha Womans University in 1946.
Sri Lanka	British Ceylon	University of Colombo	1942	Formed in 1942 as the University of Ceylon by the amalgamation of University College Colombo (established 1921) and Ceylon Medical College (established in 1870). Was part of the University of Sri Lanka 1972–1978.
Syria	[[File:Flag of the State of Damascus.svg	20px]] State of Damascus	University of Damascus	1923	Founded in 1923 through the merger of the School of Medicine (established 1903) and the Institute of Law (established 1913)
TWN	Empire of Japan Japanese Taiwan	National Taiwan University	1928	Founded as Taihoku (Taipei) Imperial University
Tajikistan	USSR
(Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic)	Tajik National University	1947
Turkmenistan
(Ashgabat)	USSR
(Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic)	Turkmen State University	1950 (as university; pedagogical institute 1931)
Thailand	Thailand Rattanakosin Kingdom	Chulalongkorn University	1917 (as university; college 1899)
UAE	United Arab Emirates University	1976
Vietnam	French Indochina	Hanoi Medical University	1902
Vietnam National University, Hanoi	1904	Originally the University of Indochina, first full subject university in Vietnam.
Yemen	Yemen Arab Republic	Sanaa University	1970

Europe

While Europe had 143 universities in 1789, the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars took a heavy toll, reducing the number to 83 by 1815. The universities of France were abolished and over half of the universities in both Germany and Spain were destroyed. By the mid 19th century, Europe had recovered to 98 universities.

Location	Current name	Year	Notes	Current	Original
Albania
(Tirana)	Albania People's Socialist Republic of Albania
(Tirana)	University of Tirana	1957	Originally established in 1957 as the State University of Tirana through merging of five existing institutes of higher education, the most important of which was the Institute of Sciences, founded in 1947.
Albania
(Shkodër)	Albania People's Socialist Republic of Albania
(Shkodër)	University of Shkodër "Luigj Gurakuqi"	1957
Armenia
(Yerevan)	Armenia First Republic of Armenia
(Alexandropol)	Yerevan State University	1919
Austria
(Graz)	Austria Archduchy of Austria,
Holy Roman Empire
(Graz)	University of Graz	1585 (continuous from 1827)	Founded in 1585 by Archduke Charles II of Austria. Closed 1782–1827.
Austria
(Innsbruck)	Austria Archduchy of Austria,
Holy Roman Empire
(Innsbruck)	University of Innsbruck	1669 (continuous from 1826)	Originally established as a Jesuit school in 1562 before becoming a university in 1669. Closed as a university from 1782 to 1826.
Belgium
(Flemish Region)
(Ghent)	Netherlands United Kingdom of the Netherlands
(Ghent)	Ghent University	1817	Established in 1817 by William I of the Netherlands
Belgium
(Wallonia)
(Liège)	Netherlands United Kingdom of the Netherlands
(Liège)	University of Liège	1817	Established in 1817 by William I of the Netherlands
BIH
(Sarajevo)	Yugoslavia
(Sarajevo)	University of Sarajevo	1949
Bulgaria
(Sofia)	Bulgaria Principality of Bulgaria
(Sofia)	Sofia University	1904 ("higher pedagogical course" from 1888)
Croatia
(Zagreb)	Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg)
(Zagreb)	University of Zagreb	1669	History of the university began on 23 September 1669, when the Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I issued a decree granting the establishment of the Jesuit Academy of the Royal Free City of Zagreb. Decree was accepted at the Council of the Croatian Kingdom on 3 November 1671.
Czech Republic
(Olomouc)	Bohemia Bohemian crown lands,
Holy Roman Empire
(Olomouc)	Palacký University	1573	Originally known as Olomouc Jesuit University.
Denmark
(Copenhagen)	Denmark Denmark	Technical University of Denmark	1829	Was founded in 1829 as the College of Advanced Technology
Estonia
(Tartu)	[[File:Svensk_flagg_1815.svg	20px	link=]] Kingdom of Sweden
(Dorpat)	University of Tartu	1632 (continuous operation since 1802)	Founded as Academia Gustaviana in the then Swedish province of Livonia. It was closed by the Russian Government from 1710 to 1802.
Finland
(Helsinki)	[[File:Svensk_flagg_1815.svg	20px	link=]] Kingdom of Sweden
(Åbo)	University of Helsinki	1640	Founded as the Royal Academy of Turku (Swedish: Kungliga Akademin i Åbo). It was shut down by the Great Fire of Turku in 1827. The University of Helsinki was founded the next year, in 1828, and it started operating in 1829. The University of Helsinki sees itself as continuation of the Royal Academy of Turku.
France
(Paris)	Kingdom of France
(Paris)	Sorbonne University	1150–1250 (continuous operation since 1896)	Emerged around 1150 as a corporation associated with the cathedral school of Notre Dame de Paris, it was considered the second-oldest university in Europe. Officially chartered in 1200 by Philip II of France and recognised in 1215 by Pope Innocent III, it was often nicknamed after its theology collegiate institution, College of Sorbonne, founded about 1257 by Robert de Sorbon and charted by Louis IX of France. It was abolished in 1793 by the French Revolution, and was replaced by Napoleon on 1 May 1806 by the University of France system. In 1896 the Louis Liard law allowed the founding of a new University of Paris. In 1970, it split into 13 separate universities and numerous specialised institutions of higher education. In 2018, Sorbonne University was formed from the Paris-Sorbonne University (created from the faculty of humanities of the University of Paris) and Pierre and Marie Curie University (created from the faculty of science and medicine of the University of Paris).
France
(Occitanie)	[[File:Flag_of_Occitania.svg	25px]] County of Toulouse
(Toulouse)	Université fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées	continuous operation since 1896	Founded by papal bull in 1229 as the University of Toulouse. It closed in 1793 due to the French Revolution, and reopened in 1896. In 1969, it split into three separate universities and numerous specialised institutions of higher education. It no longer represents a single university, as it is now the collective entity which federates the universities and specialised institutions of higher education in the region.
France
(Montpellier)	Kingdom of Mallorca Kingdom of Majorca
(Montpellier)	University of Montpellier
Paul Valéry University Montpellier 3	continuous operation since 1896	The world's oldest medicine faculty was established before 1137 and operated continuously until the French Revolution. University by papal bull in 1289. It closed in 1793 due to the French Revolution, and reopened in 1896. The university of Montpellier was officially re-organised in 1969 after a students' revolt. It was split into its successor institutions the University of Montpellier 1 (comprising the former faculties of medicine, law, and economy), Montpellier 2 (science and technology) and Montpellier 3 (social sciences, humanities and liberal arts). On 1 January 2015, the University of Montpellier 1 and the University of Montpellier 2 merged to form the newly recreated University of Montpellier. Meanwhile, the Paul Valéry University Montpellier 3 remains a separate institution.
France
(Aix-en-Provence,
Marseille)	[[File:Drapeau de Provence « ancien ».svg	22px]] County of Provence,
Holy Roman Empire
(Aix)	Aix-Marseille University	continuous operation since 1896	Founded in 1409 as the University of Provence, and in 1792, dissolved, along with twenty-one other universities. In 1896 it was reformed as the University of Aix-Marseille, one of 17 self-governing regional universities financed by the state. In 1968 it was divided into two institutions, the University of Provence (Aix-Marseille I) as a school of languages and letters, and the University of Aix-Marseille (Aix-Marseille II) as primarily a school of medicine and sciences. In 1973 the University of Law, Economics and Science (Aix-Marseille III) was added. In 2012 the three universities merged and was renamed Aix-Marseille University.
Germany
(Wittenberg
Halle)	Holy Roman Empire
(Wittenberg)	Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg	1502	Established in 1502 as the University of Wittenberg. Merged with University of Halle (founded 1691) in 1817.
Georgia
(Tbilisi)	Democratic Republic of Georgia
(Tbilisi)	Tbilisi State University	1918	Founded in 1918 as Tbilisi State University
Gibraltar	University of Gibraltar	2015
Greece
(Athens)	Kingdom of Greece
(Athens)	National and Kapodistrian University of Athens	1837
Hungary
(Budapest)	Kingdom of Hungary
(Nagyszombat)	Eötvös Loránd University	1635	Founded in 1635 by the archbishop and theologian Péter Pázmány as the University of Nagyszombat, it was renamed the Royal Hungarian University of Sciences in 1769.
The university was moved to Buda (today part of Budapest) in 1777. The university relocated to its final location in Pest (now also part of Budapest) in 1784 and was renamed Royal University of Pest. Since then, the institution has undergone three name changes: it became the University of Budapest (1873–1921), followed by the Hungarian Royal Pázmány Péter University (1921–1950). Finally, in 1950-1951, the Faculties of Medicine and Theology became independent institutions, and the university adopted its present name, Eötvös Loránd University.
Iceland
(Reykjavík)	Denmark
(Reykjavík)	University of Iceland	1911
Ireland
(Dublin)	Kingdom of Ireland
(Dublin)	University of Dublin	1592	Founded by Queen Elizabeth I and modelled after the collegiate universities of Oxford and Cambridge. Only one college was ever established, Trinity College Dublin, making the two designations effectively synonymous.
Italy
(Urbino)	[[File:Corona ferrea monza (heraldry).svg	24px]] Kingdom of Italy,
Holy Roman Empire
(Urbino)	University of Urbino	1506
Kosovo
(Pristina)	Yugoslavia
(Pristina)	University of Pristina	1969
Latvia
(Riga)	Russian Empire
(Riga)	Riga Technical University	1862	First established as Riga Polytechnicum in 1862
Liechtenstein
(Vaduz)	University of Liechtenstein	1961	Successor to the Abendtechnikum Vaduz in 1992
Lithuania
(Vilnius)	Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
(Vilnius)	Vilnius University	1579 (continuous operation since 1919)	Founded as the Jesuit Academy of Vilnius; the university was closed in 1832–1919 and again in 1943–44
Luxembourg
(Esch-sur-Alzette)	University of Luxembourg	2003
Malta
(Msida)	Sovereign Military Order of Malta Hospitaller Malta
(Valletta)	University of Malta	1769	First established as the Collegium Melitense by the Jesuits in 1592
Netherlands
(Leiden)	Dutch Republic
(Leiden)	Leiden University	1575	Although formally still part of the Habsburg Netherlands, Leiden sided with the Dutch Revolt in 1572
North Macedonia
(Skopje)	Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
(Skopje)	Ss. Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje	1946
Norway
(Oslo)	Denmark–Norway
(Christiania)	University of Oslo	1811	Founded as The Royal Frederik's University
Poland
(Wrocław)	Bohemia Bohemian crown lands,
Holy Roman Empire
(Breslau)	University of Wrocław	1702	Founded in 1702 by Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor as the university Leopoldina. It has been renamed five times since then: Universitas Literarum Vratislaviensis in 1742 by King Frederick II of Prussia, Silesian Friedrich Wilhelm University in Breslau in 1811, University of Breslau in the second half of the 19th century, Bolesław Bierut university between 1952 and 1989, and since 1989, University of Wrocław.
Poland
(Warsaw)	Poland Kingdom of Poland,
Russian Empire	University of Warsaw	1816	Founded as a Royal University on 19 November 1816, when the Partitions of Poland separated Warsaw from the older University of Kraków (founded in 1364).
Portugal
(Porto)	Kingdom of Portugal
(Porto)	University of Porto	1836 (university 1911)	First established as Polytechnic University of Porto and Medical-Surgical School of Porto since 1836
Portugal
(Lisbon)	Portuguese Republic
(Lisbon)	University of Lisbon	1911	Successor to the Lisbon General Study, 1290
Romania
(Iași)	[[File:Flag of the United Principalities of Romania (1862 - 1866).svg	20px]] United Principalities
(Iași)	Alexandru Ioan Cuza University	url=http://www.study-in-romania.ro/historyofeducation.htm	title=Study in Romanian – Learn & Live Freely	publisher=Study-in-romania.ro	access-date=15 August 2013	archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150611181940/http://www.study-in-romania.ro/historyofeducation.htm	archive-date=11 June 2015	url-status=dead	df=dmy-all }}	Successor to the Princely Academy from Iaşi, 1642, and Academia Mihăileană, 1835
Russia
(Saint Petersburg)	Russian Empire
(Saint Petersburg)	Saint Petersburg State University	1724 (continuous from 1819)	Claims to be the successor of the university established along with the Academic Gymnasium and the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences on 24 January 1724 by a decree of Peter the Great. In the period between 1804 and 1819, Saint Petersburg University officially did not exist
Russia
(Moscow)	Russian Empire
(Moscow)	Moscow State University	1755	Founded in 1755 as Imperial Moscow University
Serbia
(Belgrade)	[[File:Flag of Revolutionary Serbia.svg	20px	link=]] Revolutionary Serbia
(Belgrade)	University of Belgrade	1808	Founded in 1808 as the Belgrade Higher School, by 1838 it merged with the Kragujevac-based departments into a single university, under current name from 1905; Orthodox Christian Lyceum in 1794; Teacher's college in 1778.
Czech Republic
(Brno)	Czechoslovakia
(Brno)	Masaryk University	1919
Slovakia
(Bratislava)	Czechoslovakia
(Bratislava)	Comenius University
Slovenia
(Ljubljana)	Kingdom of Yugoslavia
(Ljubljana)	University of Ljubljana
Spain
(Seville)	Spanish Empire
(Seville)	University of Seville	1505
[[File:Svensk_flagg_1815.svg	20px	link=]] Kingdom of Sweden
(Lund)	Lund University	1666	A Franciscan Studium Generale was founded in Lund in 1425, as the first university in Northern Europe, but as a result of the Protestant Reformation the operations of the catholic university were suspended.
Switzerland
(Lausanne)	Old Swiss Confederacy
(Lausanne)	University of Lausanne	1537
Switzerland
(Zürich)	[[File:Flag of Switzerland 2-3.svg	20px	link=]] Swiss Confederation	University of Zurich	1833 (incorporating colleges dating to 1525)	University established in 1833, taking in the Carolinum theology college, dating to 1525, and colleges of law and medicine.
Turkey
(Istanbul)	Ottoman Empire
(Constantinople)	Istanbul Technical University	1928 (as university; school 1773)	Founded in 1773 as Imperial School of Naval Engineering by the Ottoman Sultan Mustafa III, but became a state university in 1928.
Istanbul University	1933 (as university; madrasa 1453)
Ukraine
(Kharkiv)	Russian Empire
(Kharkiv)	V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University	1804
UK
(SCO)
(Edinburgh)	Kingdom of Scotland
(Edinburgh)	University of Edinburgh	title=A History of the University in Europe	publisher=Cambridge University Press	last=Rüegg	first=Walter	date=2004	volume=3, Universities in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries (1800–1945)	url=https://books.google.com/books?id=entlN4EEPUYC&pg=PA680	page=680	isbn=9781139453028}}	Formally established as the Tounis College (Town's College) under the authority of a royal charter granted to the Town of Edinburgh by King James VI of Scotland on 14 April 1582. It opened its doors to students in October 1583.
UK
(ENG)
(Durham)	[[File:Flag of the United Kingdom (1-2).svg	20px	link=]] United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland	Durham University	title=A History of the University in Europe	publisher=Cambridge University Press	last=Walter Rüegg	first=Walter	date=2004	volume=3, Universities in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries (1800–1945)	url=https://books.google.com/books?id=entlN4EEPUYC&pg=PA684	page=684	isbn=9781139453028}}	Claims to be the third oldest university in England.

UK
(ENG)
(London)	[[File:Flag of the United Kingdom (1-2).svg	20px	link=]] United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland	University of London	1836	Claims to be the third oldest university in England on the basis of the date of its charter.
pages=[23](https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_bS-H_-NYM4IC/page/n28)–28	url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_bS-H_-NYM4IC	date=1843}} and did not gain their own degree awarding powers until 2005 and 2006 respectively. They are listed by Rüegg as colleges of the University of London rather than as a universities.
UK
(Northern Ireland)
(Belfast)	[[File:Flag of the United Kingdom (1-2).svg	20px	link=]] United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
(Ireland)
(Belfast)	Queen's University Belfast	1845 (as college offering degree courses; university 1908)	Oldest university in Northern Ireland. Listed by Rüegg as meeting standard criteria for recognition as a university from 1845.

UK
(WAL)
(Cardiff)	[[File:Flag of the United Kingdom (1-2).svg	20px	link=]] United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
(WAL)
(Aberystwyth,
Bangor,
Cardiff)	University of Wales	title=A History of the University in Europe	publisher=Cambridge University Press	last=Rüegg	first=Walter	date=2004	volume=3, Universities in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries (1800–1945)	url=https://books.google.com/books?id=entlN4EEPUYC&pg=PA687	page=687	isbn=9781139453028}}	Founded by Royal Charter in 1893 as a federal university with three constituent colleges – Aberystwyth, Bangor and Cardiff – the university was the first and oldest university in Wales. Listed by Rüegg as meeting standard criteria for recognition as a university from 1893
UK
(WAL)
(Carmarthen,
Lampeter,
Swansea)	[[File:Flag of the United Kingdom (1-2).svg	20px	link=]] United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
(WAL)
(Carmarthen,
Lampeter)	University of Wales Trinity Saint David	1852 (limited degree awarding powers; as college 1822)	The university was founded as St David's College (Coleg Dewi Sant) in 1822 "to provide a liberal education to members of the clergy" and was incorporated by royal charter in 1828. It was renamed St David's University College (Coleg Prifysgol Dewi Sant) in 1971, when it became part of the federal University of Wales. It was again renamed University of Wales, Lampeter in 1996 in line with moves elsewhere in the University of Wales. In 2010 it merged with Trinity University College to form the University of Wales, Trinity Saint David. Although described as the oldest university in Wales, it was not listed by Rüegg as meeting standard criteria for a university and lost a court case in 1951 against the Ministry of Education in which it sought to receive recognition as a university.
UK
(WAL)
(Aberystwyth)	[[File:Flag of the United Kingdom (1-2).svg	20px	link=]] United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
(WAL)
(Aberystwyth)	Aberystwyth University	1872 (as college offering degree courses; university 2007)	Founded in 1872 as University College Wales, offering courses leading to degrees of the University of London, it became a founder member of the University of Wales in 1894. It claims to be "Wales's oldest university", but was listed by Rüegg as a college of the University of Wales rather than as a university.

Latin America and the Caribbean

Main article: List of colonial universities in Latin America

Location	Current name	Year	Notes	Current
Anguilla
Antigua and Barbuda
Bahamas
Barbados
Belize
British Virgin Islands
Cayman Islands
Dominica
Grenada
Jamaica
Montserrat
St. Kitts and Nevis
St. Lucia
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
Trinidad and Tobago
Turks and Caicos	Jamaica (Kingston)	University of the West Indies	1948 (as affiliated college of the University of London; university 1962)	First campus opened in Jamaica as the University College of the West Indies associated with the University of London in 1948. Gained independent university status in 1962.
Argentina	Spain (Peru)	National University of Córdoba	1613	It is the third-oldest university in the Americas and oldest university in Argentina.
Belize	Belize	University of Belize	2000
Bolivia	Spain (Peru)	University of Saint Francis Xavier	1624	Founded in 1624 by order of King Philip IV, and with the support of Pope Innocent XII. Full name is The Royal and Pontificial Major University of Saint Francis Xavier of Chuquisaca
Brazil	Federal University of Rio de Janeiro	1920 (precursors trace back to 1792)	Created in 1920 as University of Rio de Janeiro. Has as precursors the Polytechnic School (founded as Royal Academy of Artillery, Fortification and Design in 1792), the National College of Medicine (founded as Academy of Medicine and Surgery in 1808) and by the National College of Law (founded in 1891).
Federal University of Paraná	1912 (closed in 1920, refounded in 1951)	Closed as university in 1920. Refounded as university in 1951.
Federal University of Amazonas	1909 (closed in 1926, refounded in 1962, precursors trace back to 1909)	Has as precursor the Free University School of Manaós, founded on 17 January 1909. Became the University of Manaós in 1910. Closed 1926, reformed 1962 as the University of Amazonas.
Chile	Universidad de Chile	1842	Successor to the Real Universidad de San Felipe, created in 1738. Oldest university in Chile.
Colombia	Spain (Peru)	Saint Thomas Aquinas University	1580	Founded in 1580 by the Dominican Order. It is the second-oldest university in the Americas.
Costa Rica	University of Costa Rica	1940	The first institution dedicated to higher education in Costa Rica was the University of Saint Thomas (Universidad de Santo Tomás), which was established in 1843. That institution maintained close ties with the Catholic Church and was closed in 1888 by the progressive and anti-clerical government of President Bernardo Soto Alfaro as part of a campaign to modernize public education. The schools of law, agronomy, fine arts, and pharmacy continued to operate independently. In 1940, those four schools were re-united to establish the modern UCR, during the reformist administration of President Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia.
Cuba	Spain (New Spain)	Universidad de La Habana	1728
Dominica	Ross University School of Medicine	1978
Dominican Republic	Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo	1914	Successor to the Universidad Santo Tomás de Aquino (founded by papal bull in 1538, royal charter in 1558) which closed in 1823.
Ecuador	Gran Colombia Republic of Colombia	Central University of Ecuador	1826
El Salvador	El Salvador	Universidad de El Salvador	1841	Founded on 16 February 1841 by President Juan Lindo.
Grenada	St. George's University	1976
Guatemala	Spain (New Spain)	Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala	1676 (as colegio in 1562)	The San Carlos University was the fourth university founded in the Americas, when Guatemala was part of the Viceroyalty of New Spain. It had five major transformations but never ceased teaching. It grew out of the Colegio de Santo Tomas de Aquino (a high school), founded in 1562 by Bishop Francisco Marroquín. The university's founder was King Charles II of Spain and it was consecrated by Pope Innocent XI in 1687. Activities were interrupted after the Act of Independence of Central America in 1821.
Guyana	British Guiana	University of Guyana	1963
Haiti	Haiti	Université d'État d'Haïti	1820
USA	Université Adventiste d'Haïti	1921
Honduras	Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras	1847
Mexico	Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México	1910	Traces its origins back to Real y Pontificia Universidad de México (1551–1865) but no institutional continuity.
Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo	1917 (as university; college 1540)	Founded in 1540 as Colegio de San Nicolás Obispo (St. Nicholas Bishop College) and later in 1543 was appointed Real Colegio de San Nicolás Obispo (Royal St. Nicholas Bishop College) by King Carlos I of Spain; it was converted into a university on 15 October 1917.
Panama	Universidad de Panamá	1935
Paraguay	Universidad Nacional de Asunción	1889
Peru	Spain (Peru)	National University of San Marcos	1551	Also known as the "Dean university of the Americas"; It is the first officially established (privilege by Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor) and the longest continuously operating university in the Americas.
Puerto Rico	University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras	1903	Original campus of the University of Puerto Rico
Suriname	Kingdom of the Netherlands	Anton de Kom University	1968
Uruguay	Universidad de la República	1849
United States Virgin Islands	University of the Virgin Islands	1967 (degree awarding; college 1962; university 1986)	Established by act of legislature in 1962. Opened in 1963 as the College of the Virgin Islands, offering only associate degrees. First bachelor's degree programmes 1967. Became the University of the Virgin Islands in 1986.
Venezuela	Spain (Peru)	Central University of Venezuela	1721

North America

In the United States, the colonial colleges awarded degrees from their foundation, but none were formally named as universities prior to the American Revolution, leading to various claims to be the first university in the United States. The earliest Canadian institutions were founded as colleges, without degree awarding powers, and gained degree granting authority and university status later.

Location	Current name	Year	Notes	Current
Bermuda		University of the West Indies	2009 (Bermudian membership)	First campus opened in Jamaica as the University College of the West Indies associated with the University of London in 1948. Gained independent university status in 1962. Bermuda joined the university in 2009. Bermuda has also had a community college, Bermuda College, since 1974.
Canada
(Halifax, Nova Scotia)	United Kingdom Nova Scotia
(Windsor)	University of King's College	1802 (as university; collegiate school 1789)	Traces its roots back to the King's College in New York City, which was first founded in 1754. Following the American Revolution, Loyalists at the college fled to Windsor, Nova Scotia, and established the King's Collegiate School in 1789. It received a royal charter in 1802 establishing it (after the model of Trinity College Dublin) as "The Mother of a University", making it the oldest chartered university in Canada. A fire destroyed the original university in 1920, and the institution relocated to Halifax.
Greenland
(Nuuk)	Greenland
(Nuuk)	University of Greenland	1989 (as university; college 1983)	Established 1983, took name University of Greenland 1987, formal university status by legislation since 1 September 1989.
France Saint Pierre and Miquelon	Institut Frecker	1975 (part of Memorial University of Newfoundland)
USA
(Cambridge, Massachusetts)	Red Ensign of England (Square Canton).svg Massachusetts Bay Colony	Harvard University	1636	Founded in 1636, named Harvard College in 1639, chartered in 1650. Oldest institution of higher education in the United States. Officially recognised as a university by the Massachusetts Constitution of 1780.
USA
(Philadelphia, Pennsylvania)	Red ensign of Great Britain (1707–1800, square canton).svg Province of Pennsylvania	University of Pennsylvania	1755	Traces its roots to a charity school founded in 1740. Collegiate charter 1755. Claims to be "the first American institution of higher education to be named a university" (in 1779).

Oceania

Location	Current name	Year	Notes	Current
Australia
(NSW)		University of Sydney	1850	Oldest in New South Wales, Australia and Oceania.
Cook Islands
Fiji
Kiribati
Marshall Islands
Nauru
Niue
Samoa
Solomon Islands
Tokelau
Tonga
Tuvalu
Vanuatu
Fiji Colony of Fiji	University of the South Pacific	1968	Regional university, operating in (and owned by the governments of) 12 Pacific island nations. Main campus in Fiji.
Guam	Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands	University of Guam	1965 (degree granting; college 1952; university 1968)
PNG	PNG	University of Papua New Guinea	1965	First university in Papua New Guinea.
NZL
(Otago)	[[File:Flag of New Zealand Government Ships 1867.svg	20px]] New Zealand
(Dunedin)	University of Otago	1869	Oldest in New Zealand.
NZL
(Auckland)	University of Auckland	1883	Oldest in the North Island.

Notes

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