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List of Nobel laureates in Chemistry

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The Nobel Prize in Chemistry () is awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to scientists in the various fields of chemistry. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the 1895 will of Alfred Nobel, who died in 1896. These prizes are awarded for outstanding contributions in chemistry, physics, literature, peace, and physiology or medicine. As dictated by Nobel's will, the award is administered by the Nobel Foundation and awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. The first Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded in 1901 to Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff, of the Netherlands. Each recipient receives a medal, a diploma and a monetary award prize that has varied throughout the years. In 1901, van 't Hoff received 150,782 SEK, which is equal to 7,731,004 SEK in December 2007. The award is presented in Stockholm at an annual ceremony on 10 December, the anniversary of Nobel's death.

At least 25 laureates have received the Nobel Prize for contributions in the field of organic chemistry, more than any other field of chemistry. Two Nobel Prize laureates in Chemistry, Germans Richard Kuhn (1938) and Adolf Butenandt (1939), were not allowed by their government to accept the prize. They would later receive a medal and diploma, but not the money. Frederick Sanger is one out of three laureates to be awarded the Nobel Prize twice in the same subject, in 1958 and 1980. John Bardeen, who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1956 and 1972, and Karl Barry Sharpless, who won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 2001 and 2022, are the others. Two others have won Nobel Prizes twice, one in chemistry and one in another subject: Maria Skłodowska-Curie (physics in 1903, chemistry in 1911) and Linus Pauling (chemistry in 1954, peace in 1962). As of 2023, the prize has been awarded to 192 individuals, including eight women (Maria Skłodowska-Curie being the first to be awarded in 1911).

There have been eight years for which the Nobel Prize in Chemistry was not awarded (1916, 1917, 1919, 1924, 1933, 1940–42). There were also nine years for which the Nobel Prize in Chemistry was delayed for one year. The Prize was not awarded in 1914, as the Nobel Committee for Chemistry decided that none of that year's nominations met the necessary criteria, but was awarded to Theodore William Richards in 1915 and counted as the 1914 prize. This precedent was followed for the 1918 prize awarded to Fritz Haber in 1919, the 1920 prize awarded to Walther Nernst in 1921, the 1921 prize awarded to Frederick Soddy in 1922, the 1925 prize awarded to Richard Zsigmondy in 1926, the 1927 prize awarded to Heinrich Otto Wieland in 1928, the 1938 prize awarded to Richard Kuhn in 1939, the 1943 prize awarded to George de Hevesy in 1944, and the 1944 prize awarded to Otto Hahn in 1945.

In 2020, Ioannidis et al. reported that half of the Nobel Prizes for science awarded between 1995 and 2017 were clustered in just a few disciplines within their broader fields. Atomic physics, particle physics, cell biology, and neuroscience dominated the two subjects outside chemistry, while molecular chemistry was the chief prize-winning discipline in its domain. Molecular chemists won 5.3% of all science Nobel Prizes during this period.

Laureates

YearImageLaureateNationalityRationaleRef
1901[[File:Vant Hoff.jpg75px]]Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff
(1852–1911)Netherlands Dutch"[for his] discovery of the laws of chemical dynamics and osmotic pressure in solutions"
1902[[File:Hermann Emil Fischer. Photograph by Atelier Victoria, 1895. Wellcome V0027668 (cropped).jpg75px]]Hermann Emil Fischer
(1852–1919)German Empire German"[for] his work on sugar and purine syntheses"
1903[[File:Arrhenius2.jpg75px]]Svante August Arrhenius
(1859–1927)Sweden Swedish"[for] his electrolytic theory of dissociation"
1904[[File:William Ramsay.jpg75px]]Sir William Ramsay
(1852–1916)United Kingdom British"[for his] discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air, and his determination of their place in the periodic system"
1905[[File:Adolf von Baeyer (1905).jpg75px]]Adolf von Baeyer
(1835–1917)German Empire German"[for] the advancement of organic chemistry and the chemical industry, through his work on organic dyes and hydroaromatic compounds"
1906[[File:Henri Moissan.jpg75px]]Henri Moissan
(1852–1907)France French"[for his] investigation and isolation of the element fluorine, and for [the] electric furnace called after him"
1907[[File:Eduard Buchner (Nobel 1907).jpg75px]]Eduard Buchner
(1860–1917)German Empire German"for his biochemical researches and his discovery of cell-free fermentation"
1908[[File:Ernest Rutherford (Nobel).jpg75px]]Ernest Rutherford
(1871–1937)New Zealand New Zealander"for his investigations into the disintegration of the elements, and the chemistry of radioactive substances"
1909[[File:Ostwald.jpg75px]]Wilhelm Ostwald
(1853–1932)German Empire German, born in Latvia Latvia"[for] his work on catalysis and for his investigations into the fundamental principles governing chemical equilibria and rates of reaction"
1910[[File:Otto Wallach.jpg75px]]Otto Wallach
(1847–1931)German Empire German"[for] his services to organic chemistry and the chemical industry by his pioneer work in the field of alicyclic compounds"
1911[[File:Marie Curie (Nobel-Chem).jpg75px]]Marie Curie, née Skłodowska
(1867–1934)Poland Polish
France French"[for] the discovery of the elements radium and polonium, by the isolation of radium and the study of the nature and compounds of this remarkable element"
1912[[File:Victor Grignard.jpg75px]]Victor Grignard
(1871–1935)France French"for the discovery of the [...] Grignard reagent"title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1912publisher = Nobel Foundationurl = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1912/index.htmlaccess-date = 6 October 2008archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081225083618/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1912/index.htmlarchive-date = 25 December 2008url-status = live }}
[[File:Paul Sabatier.jpg75px]]Paul Sabatier
(1854–1941)"for his method of hydrogenating organic compounds in the presence of finely disintegrated metals"
1913[[File:Alfred Werner.jpg75px]]Alfred Werner
(1866–1919)Switzerland Swiss"[for] his work on the linkage of atoms in molecules [...] especially in inorganic chemistry"
1914[[File:Theodore william richards.jpg75px]]Theodore William Richards
(1868–1928)United States American"[for] his accurate determinations of the atomic weight of a large number of chemical elements"title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1914publisher = Nobel Foundationurl = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1914/index.htmlaccess-date = 6 October 2008archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081015212722/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1914/index.htmlarchive-date = 15 October 2008url-status = live }}
1915[[File:Richard Willstätter ETH-Bib PI 55-BO-0022.jpg75px]]Richard Martin Willstätter
(1872–1942)German Empire German"for his researches on plant pigments, especially chlorophyll"
1916*Not awarded*
1917
1918[[File:Fritz Haber.png75px]]Fritz Haber
(1868–1934)German Empire German"for the synthesis of ammonia from its elements"title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1918publisher = Nobel Foundationurl = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1918/index.htmlaccess-date = 6 October 2008archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081225083638/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1918/index.htmlarchive-date = 25 December 2008url-status = live }}
1919*Not awarded*
1920[[File:Walther Nernst.jpg75px]]Walther Hermann Nernst
(1864–1941)Weimar Republic German"[for] his work in thermochemistry"title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1920publisher = Nobel Foundationurl = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1920/index.htmlaccess-date = 6 October 2008archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081209112839/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1920/index.htmlarchive-date = 9 December 2008url-status = live }}
1921[[File:Frederick Soddy.jpg75px]]Frederick Soddy
(1877–1956)United Kingdom British"for his contributions to our knowledge of the chemistry of radioactive substances, and his investigations into the origin and nature of isotopes"title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1921publisher = Nobel Foundationurl = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1921/index.htmlaccess-date = 6 October 2008archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081027221745/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1921/index.htmlarchive-date = 27 October 2008url-status = live }}
1922[[File:Francis William Aston.jpg75px]]Francis William Aston
(1877–1945)United Kingdom British"for his discovery, by means of his mass spectrograph, of isotopes, in a large number of non-radioactive elements, and for his enunciation of the whole-number rule"
1923[[File:Fritz Pregl.jpg75px]]Fritz Pregl
(1869–1930)Kingdom of Yugoslavia Yugoslavian
Austria Austrian"for his invention of the method of micro-analysis of organic substances"
1924*Not awarded*
1925[[File:Richard Adolf Zsigmondy.jpg75px]]Richard Adolf Zsigmondy
(1865–1929)Austria Austrian"for his demonstration of the heterogeneous nature of colloid solutions and for the methods he used"title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1925publisher = Nobel Foundationurl = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1925/index.htmlaccess-date = 6 October 2008archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081015211210/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1925/index.htmlarchive-date = 15 October 2008url-status = live }}
1926[[File:The-svedberg-1.jpg75px]]The (Theodor) Svedberg
(1884–1971)Sweden Swedish"for his work on disperse systems"
1927[[File:Heinrich Wieland.jpg75px]]Heinrich Otto Wieland
(1877–1957)Weimar Republic German"for his investigations of the constitution of the bile acids and related substances"title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1927publisher = Nobel Foundationurl = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1927/index.htmlaccess-date = 6 October 2008archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081225083219/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1927/index.htmlarchive-date = 25 December 2008url-status = live }}
1928[[File:Windaus.jpg75px]]Adolf Otto Reinhold Windaus
(1876–1959)Weimar Republic German"[for] his research into the constitution of the sterols and their connection with the vitamins"
1929[[File:ArthurHarden.jpg75px]]Arthur Harden
(1865–1940)United Kingdom British"for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes"
[[File:Euler-chelpin.jpg75px]]Hans Karl August Simon von Euler-Chelpin
(1873–1964)Weimar Republic German
Sweden Swedish
1930[[File:Hans Fischer (Nobel).jpg75px]]Hans Fischer
(1881–1945)Weimar Republic German"for his researches into the constitution of haemin and chlorophyll and especially for his synthesis of haemin"
1931[[File:Carl Bosch.jpg75px]]Carl Bosch
(1874–1940)Weimar Republic German"[for] their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods"
[[File:Bergius.jpg75px]]Friedrich Bergius
(1884–1949)
1932[[File:Langmuir.jpg75px]]Irving Langmuir
(1881–1957)United States American"for his discoveries and investigations in surface chemistry"
1933*Not awarded*
1934[[File:Urey.jpg75px]]Harold Clayton Urey
(1893–1981)United States American"for his discovery of heavy hydrogen"
1935[[File:Joliot-fred.jpg75px]]Frédéric Joliot
(1900–1958)France French"[for] their synthesis of new radioactive elements"
[[File:Joliot-curie.jpg75px]]Irène Joliot-Curie
(1897–1956)
1936[[File:Debye100.jpg75px]]Peter Debye
(1884–1966)Netherlands Dutch"[for his work on] molecular structure through his investigations on dipole moments and the diffraction of X-rays and electrons in gases"
1937[[File:Norman Haworth.jpg75px]]Walter Norman Haworth
(1883–1950)United Kingdom British"for his investigations on carbohydrates and vitamin C"
[[File:Paul Karrer.jpg75px]]Paul Karrer
(1889–1971)Switzerland Swiss"for his investigations on carotenoids, flavins and vitamins A and B2"
1938[[File:Richard Kuhn ETH-Bib Dia 248-065.jpg75px]]Richard Kuhn
(1900–1967)Nazi Germany German"for his work on carotenoids and vitamins"title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1938publisher = Nobel Foundationurl = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1938/index.htmlaccess-date = 6 October 2008archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081219070719/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1938/index.htmlarchive-date = 19 December 2008url-status = live }}
1939[[File:Bad Schachen Porträt; Adolf Butenandt - W134Nr.020182c - Willy Pragher (cropped).jpg75px]]Adolf Friedrich Johann Butenandt
(1903–1995)Nazi Germany German"for his work on sex hormones"title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1939publisher = Nobel Foundationurl = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1939/index.htmlaccess-date = 6 October 2008archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081014111156/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1939/index.htmlarchive-date = 14 October 2008url-status = live }}
[[File:Leopold Ruzicka ETH-Bib Portr 00239.jpg75px]]Leopold Ružička
(1887–1976)Kingdom of Yugoslavia Yugoslavian
Switzerland Swiss"for his work on polymethylenes and higher terpenes"
1940*Not awarded*
1941
1942
1943[[File:George de Hevesy.jpg75px]]George de Hevesy
(1885–1966)Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946) Hungarian"for his work on the use of isotopes as tracers in the study of chemical processes"title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1943publisher = Nobel Foundationurl = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1943/index.htmlaccess-date = 6 October 2008archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081220074956/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1943/index.htmlarchive-date = 20 December 2008url-status = live }}
1944[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-46019-0001, Otto Hahn.jpg75px]]Otto Hahn
(1879–1968)Nazi Germany German"for his discovery of the fission of heavy nuclei"title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1944publisher = Nobel Foundationurl = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1944/index.htmlaccess-date = 6 October 2008archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081225083657/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1944/index.htmlarchive-date = 25 December 2008url-status = live }}
1945[[File:Virtanen.jpg75px]]Artturi Ilmari Virtanen
(1895–1973)Finland Finnish"for his research and inventions in agricultural and nutrition chemistry, especially for his fodder preservation method"
1946[[File:James Batcheller Sumner.jpg75px]]James Batcheller Sumner
(1887–1955)United States American"for his discovery that enzymes can be crystallized"title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1946publisher = Nobel Foundationurl = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1946/index.htmlaccess-date = 6 October 2008archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081211053611/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1946/index.htmlarchive-date = 11 December 2008url-status = live }}
[[File:John Howard Northrop.jpg75px]]John Howard Northrop
(1891–1987)"for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form"
[[File:Wendell Meredith Stanley.jpg106x106px]]Wendell Meredith Stanley
(1904–1971)
1947[[File:Robert Robinson organic chemist.jpg75px]]Sir Robert Robinson
(1886–1975)United Kingdom British"for his investigations on plant products of biological importance, especially the alkaloids"
1948[[File:Arne Tiselius.jpg75px]]Arne Wilhelm Kaurin Tiselius
(1902–1971)Sweden Swedish"for his research on electrophoresis and adsorption analysis, especially for his discoveries concerning the complex nature of the serum proteins"
1949[[File:William Giauque Nobel.jpg75px]]William Francis Giauque
(1895–1982)Canada Canadian
United States American"for his contributions in the field of chemical thermodynamics, particularly concerning the behaviour of substances at extremely low temperatures"
1950[[File:Otto Paul Hermann Diels.jpg75px]]Otto Paul Hermann Diels
(1876–1954)West Germany West German"for their discovery and development of the diene synthesis"
[[File:Kurt Alder Nobel.jpg75px]]Kurt Alder
(1902–1958)
1951[[File:Edwin McMillan Nobel.jpg75px]]Edwin Mattison McMillan
(1907–1991)United States American"for their discoveries in the chemistry of transuranium elements"
[[File:Glenn Seaborg 1964.jpg75px]]Glenn Theodore Seaborg
(1912–1999)
1952[[File:Archer John Porter Martin Nobel.jpg75px]]Archer John Porter Martin
(1910–2002)United Kingdom British"for their invention of partition chromatography"
[[File:Richard Laurence Millington Synge.jpg75px]]Richard Laurence Millington Synge
(1914–1994)
1953[[File:Hermann Staudinger.jpg75px]]Hermann Staudinger
(1881–1965)West Germany West German"for his discoveries in the field of macromolecular chemistry"
1954[[File:Linus Pauling 1962.jpg75px]]Linus Pauling
(1901–1994)United States American"for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the elucidation of the structure of complex substances"
1955[[File:Vincent du Vigneaud.jpg75px]]Vincent du Vigneaud
(1901–1978)United States American"for his work on biochemically important sulphur compounds, especially for the first synthesis of a polypeptide hormone"
1956[[File:Cyril Norman Hinshelwood Nobel.jpg75px]]Sir Cyril Norman Hinshelwood
(1897–1967)United Kingdom British"for their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions"
[[File:Nikolay Semyonov Nobel.jpg75px]]Nikolay Nikolaevich Semenov
(1896–1986)Soviet Union Soviet
1957[[File:Alexander Todd Nobel.jpg75px]]Lord (Alexander R.) Todd
(1907–1997)United Kingdom British"for his work on nucleotides and nucleotide co-enzymes"
1958[[File:Frederick Sanger2.jpg75px]]Frederick Sanger
(1918–2013)United Kingdom British"for his work on the structure of proteins, especially that of insulin"
1959[[File:Heyrovsky Jaroslav crop.jpg75px]]Jaroslav Heyrovský
(1890–1967)Czechoslovakia Czechoslovak"for his discovery and development of the polarographic methods of analysis"
1960[[File:Willard Libby in Lab (cropped).jpg75px]]Willard Frank Libby
(1908–1980)United States American"for his method to use carbon-14 for age determination in archaeology, geology, geophysics, and other branches of science"
1961[[File:Melvin Calvin 1960s (cropped).jpg75px]]Melvin Calvin
(1911–1997)United States American"for his research on the carbon dioxide assimilation in plants"
1962[[File:Max Perutz.jpg75px]]Max Ferdinand Perutz
(1914–2002)Austria Austrian
United Kingdom British"for their studies of the structures of globular proteins"
[[File:John Kendrew Nobel.jpg75px]]John Cowdery Kendrew
(1917–1997)United Kingdom British
1963[[File:Karl Ziegler Nobel.jpg75px]]Karl Ziegler
(1898–1973)West Germany West German"for their discoveries in the field of the chemistry and technology of high polymers"
[[File:Giulio Natta 1960s (3x4 cropped).jpg75px]]Giulio Natta
(1903–1979)Italy Italian
1964[[File:Dorothy Hodgkin Nobel.jpg75px]]Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin
(1910–1994)United Kingdom British"for her determinations by X-ray techniques of the structures of important biochemical substances"
1965[[File:Robert Woodward Nobel.jpg75px]]Robert Burns Woodward
(1917–1979)United States American"for his outstanding achievements in the art of organic synthesis"
1966[[File:Mulliken,Robert 1929 Chicago.jpg75px]]Robert S. Mulliken
(1896–1986)United States American"for his fundamental work concerning chemical bonds and the electronic structure of molecules by the molecular orbital method"
1967[[File:Eigen,Manfred 1996 Göttingen.jpg75px]]Manfred Eigen
(1927–2019)West Germany West German"for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions, effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy"
[[File:Ronald George Wreyford Norrish.jpg75px]]Ronald George Wreyford Norrish
(1897–1978)United Kingdom British
[[File:George Porter Nobel.jpg75px]]George Porter
(1920–2002)
1968[[File:Onsager 1968.jpg75px]]Lars Onsager
(1903–1976)Norway Norwegian
United States American"for the discovery of the reciprocal relations bearing his name, which are fundamental for the thermodynamics of irreversible processes"
1969[[File:Derek-Harold-Richard-Barton.jpg75px]]Derek H. R. Barton
(1918–1998)United Kingdom British"for their contributions to the development of the concept of conformation and its application in chemistry"
[[File:Odd Hassel (3x4 cropped).jpg75px]]Odd Hassel
(1897–1981)Norway Norwegian
1970[[File:Luis Federico Leloir - young.jpg75px]]Luis F. Leloir
(1906–1987)Argentina Argentine"for his discovery of sugar nucleotides and their role in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates"
1971[[File:Herzberg,Gerhard 1952 London.jpg75px]]Gerhard Herzberg
(1904–1999)West Germany West German
Canada Canadian"for his contributions to the knowledge of electronic structure and geometry of molecules, particularly free radicals"
1972[[File:Christian B. Anfinsen, NIH portrait, 1969.jpg75px]]Christian B. Anfinsen
(1916–1995)United States American"for his work on ribonuclease, especially concerning the connection between the amino acid sequence and the biologically active conformation"title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1972publisher = Nobel Foundationurl = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1972/index.htmlaccess-date = 6 October 2008archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081011142815/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1972/index.htmlarchive-date = 11 October 2008url-status = live }}
[[File:No image.svg50px]]Stanford Moore
(1913–1982)"for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule"
[[File:No image.svg50px]]William H. Stein
(1911–1980)
1973[[File:No image.svg50px]]Ernst Otto Fischer
(1918–2007)West Germany West German"for their pioneering work, performed independently, on the chemistry of the organometallic, so called sandwich compounds"
[[File:Geoffrey Wilkinson (ca. 1976).jpg75px]]Geoffrey Wilkinson
(1921–1996)United Kingdom British
1974[[File:Paul Flory 1973.jpg75px]]Paul J. Flory
(1910–1985)United States American"for his fundamental work, both theoretical and experimental, in the physical chemistry of macromolecules"
1975[[File:John Cornforth 1975.jpg75px]]John Warcup Cornforth
(1917–2013)Australia Australian
United Kingdom British"for his work on the stereochemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions"title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1975publisher = Nobel Foundationurl = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1975/index.htmlaccess-date = 6 October 2008archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081225060353/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1975/index.htmlarchive-date = 25 December 2008url-status = live }}
[[File:Vladimir Prelog ETH-Bib Portr 00214.jpg75px]]Vladimir Prelog
(1906–1998)Yugoslavia Yugoslavian
Switzerland Swiss"for his research into the stereochemistry of organic molecules and reactions"
1976[[File:William n lipscomb jr.jpg75px]]William N. Lipscomb
(1919–2011)United States American"for his studies on the structure of boranes illuminating problems of chemical bonding"
1977[[File:Ilya Prigogine 1977c.jpg75px]]Ilya Prigogine
(1917–2003)Belgium Belgian"for his contributions to non-equilibrium thermodynamics, particularly the theory of dissipative structures"
1978[[File:36. Tagung 1986 Chemiker; Pressekonferenz Peter D. Mitchell - W134Nr.125218c - Willy Pragher (cropped).jpg75px]]Peter D. Mitchell
(1920–1992)United Kingdom British"for his contribution to the understanding of biological energy transfer through the formulation of the chemiosmotic theory"
1979[[File:Brown, Herbert C. (1912-2004).png75px]]Herbert C. Brown
(1912–2004)United States American"for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds, respectively, into important reagents in organic synthesis"
[[File:No image.svg50px]]Georg Wittig
(1897–1987)West Germany West German
1980[[File:Paul Berg in 1980.jpg75px]]Paul Berg
(1926–2023)United States American"for his fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids, with particular regard to recombinant-DNA"title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980publisher = Nobel Foundationurl = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1980/index.htmlaccess-date = 6 October 2008archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081026132035/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1980/index.htmlarchive-date = 26 October 2008url-status = live }}
[[File:WalterGilbert2.jpg75pxWalter Gilbert]]Walter Gilbert
(b. 1932)"for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids"
[[File:Frederick Sanger2.jpg75pxFrederick Sanger]]Frederick Sanger
(1918–2013)United Kingdom British
1981[[File:Kenichi_Fukui_nobel.jpg75px]]Kenichi Fukui
(1918–1998)Japan Japanese"for their theories, developed independently, concerning the course of chemical reactions"
[[File:Roald Hoffmann.jpg75px]]Roald Hoffmann
(b. 1937)Poland Polish
United States American
1982[[File:Aaron Klug 1979.jpg75px]]Aaron Klug
(1926–2018)United Kingdom British"for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy and his structural elucidation of biologically important nucleic acid-protein complexes"
1983[[File:Henry Taube crop.jpg75px]]Henry Taube
(1915–2005)Canada Canadian
United States American"for his work on the mechanisms of electron transfer reactions, especially in metal complexes"
1984[[File:R. B. Merrifield.jpg75px]]Robert Bruce Merrifield
(1921–2006)United States American"for his development of methodology for chemical synthesis on a solid matrix"
1985[[File:Herbert Hauptman - UB 2009.jpg75px]]Herbert A. Hauptman
(1917–2011)United States American"for their outstanding achievements in developing direct methods for the determination of crystal structures"
[[File:Jerome Karle, 2009.jpg75px]]Jerome Karle
(1918–2013)
1986[[File:Herschbach cropped.JPG75pxDudley R. Herschbach]]Dudley R. Herschbach
(b. 1932)United States American"for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes"
[[File:李遠哲資政.jpg75pxDudley R. Herschbach]]Yuan T. Lee
(b. 1936)Taiwan Taiwanese
[[File:John Polanyi.jpg75px]]John C. Polanyi
(b. 1929)Canada Canadian
1987[[File:No image.svg50px]]Donald J. Cram
(1919–2001)United States American"for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity"
[[File:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F088117-0003, Jean-Marie Lehn.jpg75px]]Jean-Marie Lehn
(b. 1939)France French
Charles J. Pedersen
(1904–1989)United States American
1988[[File:39. Tagung 1989 Chemiker; Pressekonferenz Johann Deisenhofer - W134Nr.126215c - Willy Pragher (cropped).jpg75px]]Johann Deisenhofer
(b. 1943)West Germany West German"for their determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre"
[[File:Robert Huber.JPG75pxRobert Huber]]Robert Huber
(b. 1937)
[[File:Michel, Hartmut (1948).jpg75px]]Hartmut Michel
(b. 1948)
1989[[File:Sidney Altman crop.jpg75px]]Sidney Altman
(1939–2022)Canada Canadian
United States American"for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA"
[[File:Thomas r. cech.jpg75pxThomas R. Cech]]Thomas Cech
(b. 1947)United States American
1990[[File:E.J.Coreyx240.jpg75px]]Elias James Corey
(b. 1928)United States American"for his development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis"
1991[[File:Richard R Ernst.jpg75pxRichard R. Ernst]]Richard R. Ernst
(1933–2021)Switzerland Swiss"for his contributions to the development of the methodology of high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy"
1992[[File:Prof. Dr. Rudolph A. Marcus (cropped).jpg75px]]Rudolph A. Marcus
(b. 1923)Canada Canadian
United States American"for his contributions to the theory of electron transfer reactions in chemical systems"
1993[[File:Kary Mullis.jpg75px]]Kary B. Mullis
(1944–2019)United States American"for contributions to the developments of methods within DNA-based chemistry [...] for his invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method"title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1993publisher = Nobel Foundationurl = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1993/index.htmlaccess-date = 6 October 2008archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081021033838/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1993/index.htmlarchive-date = 21 October 2008url-status = live }}
[[File:Michael Smith cropped.jpg75px]]Michael Smith
(1932–2000)United Kingdom British
Canada Canadian"for contributions to the developments of methods within DNA-based chemistry [...] for his fundamental contributions to the establishment of oligonucleotide-based, site-directed mutagenesis and its development for protein studies"
1994[[File:Oláh György előadása 8299.jpg75px]]George A. Olah
(1927–2017)Hungary Hungarian
United States American"for his contribution to carbocation chemistry"
1995[[File:Paul Jozef Crutzen 128.jpg75px]]Paul J. Crutzen
(1933–2021)Netherlands Dutch"for their work in atmospheric chemistry, particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone"
[[File:Mario Molina 1c389 8387.jpg75px]]Mario J. Molina
(1943–2020)Mexico Mexican
[[File:F. Sherwood Rowland.jpg75px]]Frank Sherwood Rowland
(1927–2012)United States American
1996[[File:Robert Curl crop 2009 CHAO.jpg75px]]Robert F. Curl Jr.
(1933–2022)United States American"for their discovery of fullerenes"
[[File:Harold Kroto 1c389 8471.sweden.jpg75px]]Sir Harold W. Kroto
(1939–2016)United Kingdom British
[[File:Richard Smalley cropped.jpg75px]]Richard E. Smalley
(1943–2005)United States American
1997[[File:Paul D. Boyer.jpg75px]]Paul D. Boyer
(1918–2018)United States American"for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)"
[[File:John Ernest Walker (cropped).jpg75px]]John E. Walker
(b. 1941)United Kingdom British
[[File:Skou2008crop.jpg75px]]Jens C. Skou
(1918–2018)Denmark Danish"for the first discovery of an ion-transporting enzyme, Na+, K+ -ATPase"
1998[[File:WalterKohnGraz21042006 1.jpg75pxWalter Kohn]]Walter Kohn
(1923–2016)Austria Austrian
United States American"for his development of the density-functional theory"title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1998publisher = Nobel Foundationurl = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1998/index.htmlaccess-date = 6 October 2008archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081026023225/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1998/index.htmlarchive-date = 26 October 2008url-status = live }}
[[File:John Anthony Pople.pngJohn Anthony Pople]]John A. Pople
(1925–2004)United Kingdom British"for his development of computational methods in quantum chemistry"
1999[[File:Ahmed Zewail (2010).jpg75px]]Ahmed Zewail
(1946–2016)Egypt Egyptian
United States American"for his studies of the transition states of chemical reactions using femtosecond spectroscopy"
2000[[File:Heeger, Alan J. (1936).jpg75px]]Alan J. Heeger
(b. 1936)United States American"for their discovery and development of conductive polymers"
[[File:Alan MacDiarmid 2005.017.004e crop.tif75px]]Alan G. MacDiarmid
(1927–2007)New Zealand New Zealander
United States American
[[File:Hideki Shirakawa.jpg75px]]Hideki Shirakawa
(b. 1936)Japan Japanese
2001[[File:No image.svg50px]]William S. Knowles
(1917–2012)United States American"for their work on chirally catalysed hydrogenation reactions"
[[File:Ryoji_Noyori_20021212.jpg75pxRyōji Noyori]]Ryōji Noyori
(b. 1938)Japan Japanese
[[File:Barry Sharpless 02.jpg75pxBarry Sharpless]]K. Barry Sharpless
(b. 1941)United States American"for his work on chirally catalysed oxidation reactions"
2002[[File:John B Fenn01.jpg75pxJohn B. Fenn]]John B. Fenn
(1917–2010)United States American"for the development of methods for identification and structure analyses of biological macromolecules [...] for their development of soft desorption ionisation methods for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules"
[[File:Koichi Tanaka 2003.jpg75px]]Koichi Tanaka
(b. 1959)Japan Japanese
[[File:Kurt-Wuethrich.jpg75pxKurt Wüthrich]]Kurt Wüthrich
(b. 1938)Switzerland Swiss"for the development of methods for identification and structure analyses of biological macromolecules [...] for his development of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for determining the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules in solution"
2003[[File:Peter Agre.jpg75px]]Peter Agre
(b. 1949)United States American"for discoveries concerning channels in cell membranes [...] for the discovery of water channels"title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2003publisher = Nobel Foundationurl = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2003/index.htmlaccess-date = 6 October 2008archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080929075139/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2003/index.htmlarchive-date = 29 September 2008url-status = live}}
[[File:Roderick MacKinnon, M.D. (cropped).jpg75pxRoderick MacKinnon]]Roderick MacKinnon
(b. 1956)"for discoveries concerning channels in cell membranes [...] for structural and mechanistic studies of ion channels"
2004[[File:Nobel2004chemistrylaurets-Ciehanover.jpg75px]]Aaron Ciechanover
(b. 1947)Israel Israeli"for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation"
[[File:Nobel2004chemistrylaurets-Hershko.jpg75px]]Avram Hershko
(b. 1937)
[[File:Nobel2004chemistrylaurets-Rose.jpg75px]]Irwin Rose
(1926–2015)United States American
2005[[File:Chauvin, Yves (1930-2015).jpg75px]]Yves Chauvin
(1930–2015)France French"for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis"
[[File:Robert Grubbs.jpg75pxRobert Grubbs]]Robert H. Grubbs
(1942–2021)United States American
[[File:R. Schrock 2012b.jpg75px]]Richard R. Schrock
(b. 1945)
2006[[File:Roger.Kornberg.JPG75px]]Roger D. Kornberg
(b. 1947)United States American"for his studies of the molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription"
2007[[File:Prof Ertl-Portrait.jpg75px]]Gerhard Ertl
(b. 1936)Germany German"for his studies of chemical processes on solid surfaces"
2008[[File:Osamu Shimomura-press conference Dec 06th, 2008-2.jpg75px]]Osamu Shimomura
(1928–2018)Japan Japanese"for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP"
[[File:Martin Chalfie-press conference Dec 07th, 2008-4.jpg75px]]Martin Chalfie
(b. 1947)United States American
[[File:Roger Tsien-press conference Dec 07th, 2008-2.jpg75px]]Roger Y. Tsien
(1952–2016)
2009[[File:Nobel Prize 2009-Press Conference KVA-04.jpg75px]]Venkatraman Ramakrishnan
(b. 1952)"for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome"
[[File:Nobel Prize 2009-Press Conference KVA-10.jpg75px]]Thomas A. Steitz
(1940–2018)United States American
[[File:AdaYonath (cropped).jpg75px]]Ada E. Yonath
(b. 1939)Israel Israeli
2010[[File:Richard F. Heck2010.jpg75px]]Richard F. Heck
(1931–2015)United States American"for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis"
[[File:Nobel Prize 2010-Press Conference KVA-DSC 7398.jpg75px]]Ei-ichi Negishi
(1935–2021)Japan Japanese
[[File:Nobel Prize 2010-Press Conference KVA-DSC 7383.jpg75px]]Akira Suzuki
(b. 1930)
2011[[File:Nobel Prize 2011-Nobel interviews KVA-DSC 8039.jpg75px]]Dan Shechtman
(b. 1941)Israel Israeli
United States American"for the discovery of quasicrystals"
2012[[File:Lefkowitz3.jpg75px]]Robert Lefkowitz
(b. 1943)United States American"for studies of G-protein-coupled receptors"
[[File:Brian Kobilka (649437151).jpg75px]]Brian Kobilka
(b. 1955)
2013[[File:Nobel Prize 22 2013.jpg75px]]Martin Karplus
(1930–2024)Austria Austrian
United States American"for the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems"
[[File:Michael Levitt.jpg75px]]Michael Levitt
(b. 1947)South Africa South African
United States American
United Kingdom British
Israel Israeli
[[File:AW TW PS.jpg75px]]Arieh Warshel
(b. 1940)Israel Israeli
United States American
2014[[File:Eric Betzig.jpg75px]]Eric Betzig
(b. 1960)United States American"for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy"
[[File:Stefan W Hell.jpg75px]]Stefan W. Hell
(b. 1962)Romania Romanian
Germany German
[[File:WE Moerner.jpg75px]]William E. Moerner
(b. 1953)United States American
2015[[File:Tomas Lindahl 0209.jpg75px]]Tomas Lindahl
(b. 1938)Sweden Swedish
United Kingdom British"for mechanistic studies of DNA repair"
[[File:Paul L. Modrich 0151.jpg75px]]Paul L. Modrich
(b. 1946)United States American
[[File:Aziz Sancar 0176.jpg75px]]Aziz Sancar
(b. 1946)Turkey Turkish
2016[[File:Nobel Laureates 0828 (30679373053).jpg75px]]Jean-Pierre Sauvage
(b. 1944)France French"for the design and synthesis of molecular machines"
[[File:Nobel Laureates Fraser Stoddart 2016 (31117136180).jpg75px]]Fraser Stoddart
(1942–2024)United Kingdom British
United States American
[[File:FeringaWiki.jpg75px]]Ben Feringa
(b. 1951)Netherlands Dutch
2017[[File:Jacques Dubochet D81 4506 (38005029785).jpg75px]]Jacques Dubochet
(b. 1942)Switzerland Swiss"for developing cryo-electron microscopy for the high-resolution structure determination of biomolecules in solution"
[[File:Joachim Frank EM1B8792 (27115577469).jpg75px]]Joachim Frank
(b. 1940)Germany German
United States American
[[File:Richard Henderson D81 4486 (38005042695).jpg75px]]Richard Henderson
(b. 1945)United Kingdom British
2018[[File:Frances Arnold 2012.png75px]]Frances Arnold
(b. 1956)United States American"for the directed evolution of enzymes"
[[File:George Smith EM1B5849 (31295409687).jpg75px]]George Smith
(b. 1941)"for the phage display of peptides and antibodies"
[[File:Gregory Winter, 2016 (cropped).jpg75px]]Sir Gregory Winter
(b. 1951)United Kingdom British
2019[[File:John B. Goodenough (cropped).jpg75px]]John B. Goodenough
(1922–2023)United States American"for the development of lithium ion batteries"
[[File:Stanley Whittingham 2019.jpg75px]]M. Stanley Whittingham
(b. 1941)United Kingdom British
United States American
[[File:Akira_Yoshino_20170920_(cropped_2).jpg75px]]Akira Yoshino
(b. 1948)Japan Japanese
2020[[File:Emmanuelle Charpentier.jpg75px]]Emmanuelle Charpentier
(b. 1968)France French"for the development of a method for genome editing"
[[File:Professor Jennifer Doudna ForMemRS (cropped).jpg75px]]Jennifer Doudna
(b. 1964)United States American
2021[[File:Benjamin List (cropped).jpg75px]]Benjamin List
(b. 1968)Germany German"for the development of asymmetric organocatalysis"
[[File:David MacMillan (cropped).jpg75px]]David W.C. MacMillan
(b. 1968)United Kingdom British
2022[[File:Carolyn Bertozzi IMG 9384.jpg75px]]Carolyn Bertozzi
(b. 1966)United States American"for the development of click chemistry and bioorthogonal chemistry"
[[File:MortenMeldal23 (cropped).jpg75px]]Morten Meldal
(b. 1954)Denmark Danish
[[File:Barry Sharpless 02.jpg75px]]K. Barry Sharpless
(b. 1941)United States American
2023[[File:US Embassy Sweden 2023 Nobel Reception (53390424864) (cropped).jpg75px]]Moungi G. Bawendi
(b. 1961)France French
Tunisia Tunisian
United States American"for the discovery and synthesis of quantum dots"
[[File:Louis E Brus.jpg75px]]Louis E. Brus
(1943–2026)United States American
[[File:US Embassy Sweden 2023 Nobel Reception (53390424929) (cropped).jpg75px]]Alexey Ekimov
(b. 1945)Russia Russian
2024[[File:David Baker at 2024 Nobel Prize Conference 3.jpg75px]]David Baker
(b. 1962)United States American"for computational protein design"
[[File:Demis Hassabis Royal Society.jpg75px]]Demis Hassabis
(b. 1976)United Kingdom British"for protein structure prediction"
[[File:John Jumper, 2024 Nobel Prize Laureate in Chemistry.jpg75px]]John M. Jumper
(b. 1985)United States American
2025[[File:Susumu_Kitagawa_on_November_3,_2025.jpg75px]]Susumu Kitagawa
(b. 1951)Japan Japanese"for the development of metal–organic frameworks"
Richard Robson
(b. 1937)United Kingdom British
[[File:Omar Yaghi 413953 by Christopher Michel 1-7-2025.jpg75px]]Omar M. Yaghi
(b. 1965)Jordan Jordanian
United States American

Nobel laureates by country

The Nobel laureates in chemistry from 1901 to 2025 came from the following countries:

CountryNumber of laureates
83
36
32
11
Japan9
Switzerland7
7
6
5
4
4
2
2
Denmark2
New Zealand2
Russia2
Poland2
Argentina1
Australia1
Belgium1
Taiwan1
Latvia1
Czechia1
Egypt1
Mexico1
1
South Africa1
Romania1
1
Tunisia1
1
Jordan1
Saudi Arabia1

References

Notes

A. The form and spelling of the names in the name column is according to nobelprize.org, the official website of the Nobel Foundation. Alternative spellings and name forms, where they exist, are given at the articles linked from this column. Where available, an image of each Nobel laureate is provided. For the official pictures provided by the Nobel Foundation, see the pages for each Nobel laureate at nobelprize.org.

B. The information in the country column is according to nobelprize.org, the official website of the Nobel Foundation. This information may not necessarily reflect the recipient's birthplace or citizenship.

C. The citation for each award is quoted (not always in full) from nobelprize.org, the official website of the Nobel Foundation. The links in this column are to articles (or sections of articles) on the history and areas of chemistry for which the awards were presented. The links are intended only as a guide and explanation. For a full account of the work done by each Nobel laureate, please see the biography articles linked from the name column.

Citations

Sources

References

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