List of Muslim states and dynasties

By land area

Middle East and North Africa

Main article: MENA

Mesopotamia and Levant (Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, Syria)

• Umayyad Caliphate (661–750; based in Damascus)
• Abbasid Caliphate (750–1258; based in Baghdad)
• Ayyubid Dynasty (1171–1341; based in Damascus and Aleppo)
• Zengid Dynasty (1127–1250; based in Aleppo)
• Annazids (991–1258; Kurdistan)
• Burid Dynasty (1104–1154)
• Hamdanid dynasty (890–1004; based in Aleppo)
• Uqaylid Dynasty (990–1096; Syria, Iraq)
• Bani Assad (990–1081; Iraq)
• Numayrid (990–1081; Syria, Turkey)
• Marwanid (983–1085; Syria, Turkey, Armenia, Iraq)
• Mirdasid dynasty (1024–1080; Syria)
• Artuqids (1101–1409; Syria, Turkey, Iraq)
• Baban (1649–1851; Iraq)
• Soran Emirate (1816–1835; Iraq)
• Emirate of Hakkari (1380s–1845; Turkey, Syria)
• Bahdinan (1339–1843; Iraq)
• Bohtan (1330–1855)
• Principality of Bitlis (1182–1847)
• Hadhabani (906–1070)
• Mukriyan (1050–1500)
• Qarghuyah, Emirate of Aleppo (969–977)
• Nizari Ismaili State (1090–1256; Iraq, Iran, Syria)
• Emirate of Aleppo (1004–1016)
• Assaf dynasty (1306–1591; Lebanon)
• Harfush dynasty (1517–1865; Lebanon, Syria)
• Principality of Basra (1597-1668; Iraq)
• Emirate of Muntafiq (1530-1914; Southern Iraq)
• Kingdom of Khaza'il (1534-1921; Iraq, Iran, Kuwait)
• Mamluk Principality of Iraq (1704–1831)
• Emirate of Mosul (905–1096, 1127–1222, 1254–1383, 1758–1918)
• Emirate of Transjordan (1921–1946; Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Iraq)
• Arab Kingdom of Syria (1920)
• Kingdom of Iraq (1921–1958)
• Kingdom of Jordan (1921–present)

Arabian Peninsula and Persian Gulf

Main article: Arab states of the Persian Gulf

Saudi Arabia

• Rashidun Caliphate (632–661)
• Emirate of Mecca (1916–1924) Saudi State
• Emirate of Riyadh (1903–1918) Saudi State
• Manfuha Sheikhdom (1682–1834)
• Abu Arish Sheikhdom (1200–1863)
• Al Bir Sheikhdom (1600–1850)
• Al Rawdah Sheikhdom (1697–1790)
• Al-Kharj Emirate (1688–1865)
• Unaizah Emirate (1768–1904)
• Buraidah Emirate (1768–1913)
• Awdah Sheikhdom (1700–1790)
• Jalajil Sheikhdom (1762–1831)
• Harmah Sheikhdom (1700–1779)
• Al Majma'ah Sheikhdom (1758–1908)
• Shaqra Sheikhdom (1803–1834)
• Mutayr Sheikhdom (1872–1903)
• 'Asir Sheikhdom (983–1003, 1728–1863)
• Sheikdom of Upper Asir (1802–1923)
• Sheikhdom of Lower 'Asir (1830–1930)
• Principality of Najran (1633–1934)
• 'Uyayna Sheikhdom (1446–1768)
• Dhurma Sheikhdom (1600–1757)
• Gatgat Sultanate (1900–1924)
• Al Murrah Emirate (1900–1917)
• Emirate of Diriyah (1744–1818; First Saudi State)
• Emirate of Nejd (1818–1891; Second Saudi State)
• Emirate of Nejd and Hasa (1902–1921; Third Saudi State)
• Sharifate of Mecca (968–1925)
• Emirate of Jabal Shammar (1836–1921)
• Sultanate of Nejd (1921–1926)
• Idrisid Emirate of Asir (1909–1930)
• Kingdom of Hejaz (1916–1925)
• Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd (1926–1932)
• Bani Khalid (1669–1796)
• House of Saud (1744–present)

Bahrain

• Qarmatians (899–1077)
• Uyunid Kingdom (1076–1253)
• Usfurid (1253–1320)
• Jarwanid (1305–1487)
• Jabrids (1480–1570)
• Bani Khalid (1669–1796)
• House of Khalifa (1783–present)

Qatar

• House of Thani (1825–present)

Kuwait

• House of Al-Sabah (1752–present)

United Arab Emirates

• Emirate of Abu Dhabi (1761–present)
• Emirate of Ajman (1816–present)
• Emirate of Dubai (1833–present)
• Emirate of Fujairah (1876–present)
• Emirate of Ras Al Khaimah (1727–present)
• Emirate of Sharjah (1803–present)
• Emirate of Umm Al Quwain (1775–present)
• Dibba (1871–1953)
• Hamriyya (1875–1922)
• Hira (1915–1942)
• Kalba (1871–1952)

Oman

• Sultanate of Zafar (1421–1975)
• Imamate of Oman (750–1696)
• Omani Empire (1696–1856)
• Sultanate of Muscat and Oman (1820–1970)
• Sultanate of Oman (1970–present)

Yemen

• Banu Ukhaidhir (865–1066)
• Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen (1918–1970)
• Zurayids (1083–1174)
• Hamdanids (1099–1174)
• Sulaymanids (1063–1174)
• Mahdids (1159–1174)
• Sulayhid dynasty (1047–1138)
• Rassids of Yemen (897–1962)
• Rasulid of Yemen (1229–1454)
• Najahid dynasty (1022–1158)
• Ziyadid dynasty (819–856)
• Tahirid dynasty (1454–1517)
• Bani Ukhaidhir (865–1066)
• Yufirids (847–997)
• Yemeni Zaidi State (1547–1849)
• Alawi Sheikhdom (1743–1967)
• Aqrabi Sheikhdom (1770–1967)
• Audhali Sultanate (1750–1970)
• Lower Aulaqi Sultanate (1700–1967)
• Upper Aulaqi Sheikhdom (1750–1967)
• Upper Aulaqi Sultanate (1700–1967)
• Beihan Emirate (1680–1967)
• Sheikhdom of al-Hawra (1858–1967)
• Emirate of Dhala (1750–1967)
• Dathina Sheikhdom (1947–1967)
• Fadhli Sultanate (1670–1967)
• Sultanate of Haushabi (1730–1967)
• Lahej Sultanate (1728–1967)
• Maflahi Sheikhdom (1850–1967)
• Sheikhdom of Shaib (1850–1967)
• Sultanate of Lower Yafa (1681–1967)
• Sultanate of Upper Yafa (1800–1967)
• Sheikhdom Al-Dhubi (1750–1967)
• Hadrami Sheikhdom (1820–1967)
• Emirate of Mawsata (1780–1967)
• Sheikhdom of al-Irqa (1800–1967)
• Mahra Sultanate (1432–1967)
• Kathiri Sultanate (1395–1967)
• Sultanate of Tarim (1916–1945)
• Qu'aiti Sultanate (1858–1967)
• Ash Shihr (1752–1858)
• Al Mukalla (1707–1881)

Regional

• Tulunids (868–905; Egypt, Syria)
• Rassids (897–1962)
• Qarmatian Kingdom (899–976)
• Sharifate of Mecca (968–1925)
• Ayyubid Dynasty (1171–1260)
• Rasulids (1229–1454)
• Mamluk Dynasty (1250–1517)
• Omani Sultanate (1696–1856)
• Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (1932–present)

North Africa (Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia)

• Rustamid dynasty (777–909)
• Idrisid dynasty(788-974)
• Aghlabid dynasty (800–909; Ifriqiya, Tunisia, East-Algeria, West-Libya, Sicily)
• Fatimid Calipate (909–1171; North Africa, Middle East)
• Zirid dynasty (972–1148)
• Almoravid dynasty (1040–1147; Maghreb, Spain)
• Almohad dynasty (1121–1269)
• Ayyubid dynasty (1171–1254)
• Hafsid dynasty (1229–1574)
• Nasrid dynasty (1232–1492; Granada, Ceuta)
• Marinid dynasty (1244–1465)
• Abbasid Caliph (1250–1517; North Africa, Middle East) under Mamluk Sultanate of Cairo
• Wattasid dynasty (1472–1554)
• Saadi dynasty (1511–1628)
• Alaouite dynasty (1631–present)

Algeria

• Emirate of Tlemcen (736–790)
• Emirate of Cordoba (756–929)
• Rustamid dynasty (777–909)
• Banu Ifran (830–1040)
• Fatimid dynasty (909–1171)
• Zirid dynasty (972–1148)
• Confederation of Banu Mzab (1012–1882)
• Hammadid dynasty (1014–1152)
• Kingdom of Tlemcen (1235–1556)
• Hafsid Emirate of Be’jaîa (1285–1510)
• Zab Emirate (1402)
• Sultanate of Tuggurt (1414–1854)
• Kingdom of Ait Abbas (1510–1872)
• Kingdom of Kuku (1515–1638)
• Kingdom of Algiers (1515–1837)
• Emirate of Abdelkader (1832–1847)
• Zenata Kingdoms

Egypt

• Tulunids (868–905)
• Fatimid dynasty (909–1171)
• Ikhshidids (935–969)
• Banu Kanz (1004–1412)
• Ayyubid dynasty (1171–1254)
• Mamluk dynasty (1250–1517)
• Abbasid Caliph (1250–1517) under Mamluk Sultanate of Cairo
• Khedivate of Egypt (1867–1914)
• Sultanate of Egypt (1914–1922)
• Kingdom of Egypt (1922–1953)

Tunisia

• Aghlabid dynasty (800–909)
• Khurasanid dynasty (1059–1158)
• Hafsid Kingdom (1229–1574)
• Hafsid Kingdom of Béjaïa
• Beylik of Tunis (1573–1613)
• Muradid dynasty (1613–1705)
• Husaynid dynasty (1705–1956)
• Kingdom of Tunisia (1956–1957)

Morocco

• Emirate of Nekor (710–1019)
• Emirate of Sijilmasa (758–1055)
• Muhallabids (771–793, Ifriqiya)
• Idrisid dynasty (788–974)
• Almoravid dynasty (1040–1147)
• Almohad dynasty (1121–1269 CE)
• Marinid Sultanate (1244–1465, Maghreb)
• Wattasid dynasty (1472–1554)
• Saadi Sultanate (1549–1659)
• Pashalik of Timbuktu (1591–1833; Western Sahara, Maghreb, Mali)
• Naqsid principality of Tetouan (1597–1673)
• Republic of Bou Regreg (1627–1668)
• Alaouite dynasty (1666–present)
• Republic of the Rif (1921–1926)
• Zenata Kingdoms

Libya

• Sultanate of Fezzan (918–1190)
• Banu Khattab (918–1177)
• Banu Khazrun (1001–1146)
• Banu Sulaym Emirate (11th Century)
• Emirate of Banu Talis (1228–1551)
• Banu Makki (1282–1392)
• Sultanate of Tripolitania (1327–1401) under Bani Ammar
• Pasha of Tripoli (1551–1711)
• Kingdom of Fezzan (1556–1856) under Awlad Muhammad dynasty
• Karamanli dynasty (1711–1835)
• Senussi Kingdom (1843–1942)
• Tripolitanian Republic (1918–1922)
• Cyrenaica Emirate (1949–1951)
• Kingdom of Libya (1951–1969)

Horn of Africa

Somalia

• Warsangeli Sultanate (1298–present)
• Tunni Sultanate (900–1300)
• Mogadishu Sultanate (900–1300)
• Ajuran Sultanate (1300–1798)
• Hiraab Imamate (1600–1860)
• Majeerteen Sultanate (1600–1927)
• Geledi Sultanate (1843–1908)
• Hobyo Sultanate (1878–1925)
• Sultanate of Showa (896–1285)
• Sultanate of Ifat (1185–1415)
• Adal Sultanate (1415–1555)
• Isaaq Sultanate (1750–1884)
• Habr Yunis Sultanate (1769–1907)
• Zeila Emirate (1415–1420)
• Harla Kingdom (501–1500)
• Sultanate of Dawaro (915–1329)

Ethiopia

• Harla Kingdom (501–1500)
• Sultanate of Showa (896–1285)
• Sultanate of Dawaro (915–1329)
• Sultanate of Bale (1200–1324)
• Sultanate of Arababni (1200–1314)
• Hadiya Sultanate (1200–1495)
• Sultanate of Ifat (1285–1415)
• Fatagar (1400–1650)
• Adal Sultanate (1415–1577)
• Sultanate of Harar (1526–1577)
• Imamate of Aussa (1557–1672)
• Emirate of Harar (1647–1887)
• Sultanate of Aussa (1734–present)
• Isaaq Sultanate (1750–1884)
• Habr Yunis Sultanate (1769–1907)
• Wollo Kingdom (1760–1896)
• Kingdom of Gimma (1770–1902)
• Kingdom of Gumma (1770–1902)
• Kingdom of Jimma (1790–1932)
• Gobaad Sultanate (1800–present)
• Kingdom of Limmu-Ennarea (1801–1890)
• Kingdom of Gera (1835–1887)

Eritrea

• Sultanate of Dahlak (1050–1557)
• Beja Kingdom (930–1500)

Djibouti

• Tadjoura Sultanate (1450–present)
• Rahayta Sultanate (1600–present)

Persian Plateau

Iran

• Paduspanid (665–1598)
• Dulafid dynasty (800–898, Jibal)
• Justanids (805–1004)
• Samanid Empire (819–999)
• Tahirid dynasty (821–873)
• Qarinvand dynasty (823–1110)
• Saffarid dynasty (861–1003)
• Shirvanshah (861–1538)
• Alavid dynasty (864–928)
• Sajid dynasty (889–929)
• Ma'danids (890–1110, Makran)
• Aishanids (912–961)
• Sallarid dynasty (919–1062)
• Ziyarid dynasty (928–1043)
• Banu Ilyas (932–968)
• Buyid dynasty (934–1062)
• Rawadid dynasty (955–1071, Tabriz)
• Hasanwayhid (959–1015)
• Annazids (990–1180; Iran, Iraq)
• Ma'munid dynasty (995–1017)
• Kakuyid (1008–1141)
• Great Seljuq Empire (1029–1194)
• Nasrid dynasty (Sistan) (1029–1225)
• Kerman Seljuk Sultanate (1041–1187)
• Hormuz Kingdom (1060–1622)
• Khwarezmian Empire under Khwarezm-Shâh dynasty (1077–1231)
• Nizari Ismaili state (1090–1256)
• Ahmadilis (1122–1220)
• Eldiguzids (1135–1225)
• Atabegs of Yazd (1141–1319)
• Salghurids (1148–1282, Shiraz)
• Hazaraspids (1155–1424)
• Khorshidi dynasty (1155–1597, Lorestan)
• Qutlugh-Khanids (1222–1306)
• Mihrabanid dynasty (1236–1537, Baluchistan)
• Kart dynasty (1244–1381)
• Ilkhanate (Mongol) (1295–1357)
• Muzaffarids (1314–1393)
• Sarbadars (1332–1386)
• Chupanids (1335–1357)
• Injuids (1335–1357)
• Jalayirid Sultanate (1335–1432)
• Afrasiyab dynasty (1349–1504)
• Marashis (1359–1596)
• Kara Koyunlu (1374–1468)
• Ak Koyunlu (1378–1501)
• Musha'sha'iyyah (1436–1729)
• Talysh Khanate (1747–1832)
• Maku Khanate (1747–1922)
• Ardabil Khanate (1747–1808)
• Khalkhal Khanate (1747–1809)
• Khoy Khanate (1747–1813)
• Maragheh Khanate (1610–1925)
• Marand Khanate (1747–1828)
• Sarab Khanate (1747–1797)
• Tabriz Khanate (1747–1802)
• Urmia Khanate (1747–1865)
• Emirate of Muhammara (1740–1925)
• Safavid dynasty (1502–1736)
• Afsharid dynasty (1736–1796)
• Zand dynasty (1751–1794)
• Qajar dynasty (1789–1925)
• Pahlavi dynasty (1925–1979)

Anatolia (Turkey) Main article: Anatolian Beyliks

• Great Seljuk Empire (1029–1194)
• Ottoman Empire (1299–1923)
• Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm (1077–1308)
• Danishmends Dynasty (1071–1178)
• Mengujekids Dynasty (1072–1277)
• Saltukids Dynasty (1071–1202)
• Artuqids Dynasty (1101–1409)
• Karamanids (1250–1487)
• Chaka of Smyrna (1081–1098)
• Shah-Armens (1100–1207)
• Beylik of Dilmac (1085–1398)
• Inalids (1095–1183)
• Beylik of Cubukogullari (1085–1112)
• Ahiler (1290–1362)
• Alaiye (1293–1471)
• Aydinids (1300–1425)
• Beyliks of Canik (1300–1460)
• Jandarids (1291–1461)
• Chobanids (1211–1309)
• Dulkadirids (1348–1522)
• Eretnids (1335–1390)
• Erzincan (1379–1410)
• Eshrefids (1285–1326)
• Germiyanids (1300–1429)
• Hamidids (1300–1391)
• Kadi Burhan al-Din (1381–1398)
• Karasids (1296–1357)
• Ladik (1262–1391)
• Mentese (1261–1424)
• Pervaneoglu (1277–1322)
• Ramadanids (1352–1608)
• Sahib Ataids (1275–1341)
• Sarukhanids (1300–1410)
• Teke (1321–1423)
• Emirate of Melitene (850–934)
• Amida (983–1085)
• Ayyubid dynasty (1171–1341)
• Zurarid Emirate of Arzen (850–930)
• Emirate of Bingöl (1231–1864)
• Emirate of Bradost (1510–1609)
• Emirate of Bitlis (1182–1815)
• Emirate of Çemiçgezek(1200–1663)
• Emirate of Hasankeyf (1232–1524)
• Emirate of Hakkari (1380–1847)
• Emirate of Pazooka (1499–1587)
• Emirate of Palu (1495–1850)

Azerbaijan

• Eldiguzids (1136–1225)
• Shirvanshah (1207–1607)
• Ak Koyunlu (1378–1501)
• Kara Koyunlu (1374–1468)
• Shamakhy Khanate (1721–1749)
• Salyan Khanate (1729–1782)
• Karabakh Khanate (1748–1822)
• Erivan Khanate (1747–1828)
• Afsharid dynasty (1736–1796)
• Safavid dynasty (1501–1736)
• Shaki Khanate (1743–1819)
• Ganja khanate (1747–1805)
• Quba Khanate (1726–1806)
• Baku Khanate (1735–1806)
• Khalkhal Khanate (1747–1809)
• Nakhichevan Khanate (1747–1828)
• Shirvan Khanate (1748–1820)
• Khoja Shamakha (1748–1786)
• Yeni Shamakha (1748–1786)
• Ardabil Khanate (1747–1808)
• Urmia Khanate (1747–1865)
• Javad Khanate (1747–1805)
• Shirvan Khanate (1748–1820)
• Talysh Khanate (1747–1828)
• Elisu Sultanate (1604–1844)
• Great Seljuk Empire (1037–1194)
• Derbent Khanate (1747–1806)
• Qajar dynasty (1789–1925)
• Shamakha ll (1786–1844)

Armenia

• Emirate of Armenia (697–700, 711–885)
• Erivan Khanate (1736–1827)
• Karabakh Khanate (1606–1806)
• Shaddadids (951–1199)
• Sallarid dynasty (919–1062)
• Sajid dynasty (889–929)
• Marwanid dynasty (983–1085)
• Eldiguzids (1135–1225)

Georgia

• Emirate of Tbilisi (736–1122)
• Principality of Abkhazia (1463–1864) Caucasus
• Emirate of Derbent (654–1747)
• Caucasian Imamate (1828–1859)
• Chechen Republic of Ichkeria (1991–2000)
• Derbent Khanate (1747–1806)
• Avar Khanate (1240–1864)
• Gazikumukh Shamkhalate (740–1640)
• Shamkhalate of Tarki (1640–1867)
• Gazikumukh Khanate (1642–1860)
• Abazinia (1400–1800)
• North Caucasian Emirate (1919–1920)
• Circassia (1427–1864)
• Kabardia (1453–1825)

Afghanistan

• Farighunids (800–1010)
• Ghurids (879–1215)
• Ghaznavids (977–1186)
• Kart dynasty (1244–1381, based in Herat)
• Afsharid Empire (1736–1796)
• Emirate of Afghanistan (1823–1926)
• Emirate of Afghanistan (1929)
• Kingdom of Afghanistan (1926–1973)
• Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)
• Barakzai dynasty (1826–1973)
• Hotaki dynasty (1709–1738)
• Durrani Empire (1747–1826)
• Azad Khan (1750–1758)
• Shiberghan Khanate (1757–1875)
• Sar-e Pol Khanate (1510–1875)
• Maymana Khanate (1506–1900)
• Khulm Khanate (1800–1849)
• Kunduz Khanate (1508–1888)
• Ghuriyan Khanate (1803–1816)
• Badakshan Khanate (1657–1773)
• Andkhoy Khanate (1730–1880)
• Ghazni (1879–1880)
• Peshawar (1747–1823)
• Qandahar (1704–1881)
• Herat (1695–1881)
• Kabul Kingdom (1747–1901)
• Islamic Emirate of Kunar (1991)
• Islamic Emirate of Badakhshan (1996)
• Islamic Revolutionary State of Afghanistan (1980)

Indian subcontinent

Bangladesh

• Khalji dynasty (1204–1231)
• Balban dynasty (1287–1324)
• Bengal Sultanate (1352–1576) under:
  • Ilyas Shahi dynasty (1342–1415, 1437–1487)
  • Bani Ganesh (1418–1437)
  • Hussain Shahi dynasty (1493–1538)
  • Muhammad Shahi dynasty (1554–1564)
  • Karrani dynasty (1564–1576)
• Nawabs of Bengal (1717–1880)
• Prithimpassa Estate (1499–1950)
• Pratapgarh Kingdom (1489–1700)
• Taraf Kingdom (1200–1610)
• Baro-Bhuiyan (1576–1611)

Pakistan

• Ghaznavids (1000–1186)
• Ghurids (1175–1210)
• Gibarids or Sultanate of Swat (1190-1519)
• Delhi Sultanate (1206–1526)
• Mughal empire (1526–1857)
• Durrani empire (1747–1826)
• In Sindh
  • Sind (caliphal province) (711–861)
  • Habbari dynasty (854–1011)
  • Soomra dynasty (1026–1356)
  • Samma dynasty (1351–1524)
  • Arghun dynasty (1520–1591)
  • Tarkhan dynasty (1554–1591)
  • Kalhora dynasty (1701–1783)
  • Talpur dynasty (1783–1843)
  • Khairpur (princely state) (1783–1947)
• In Punjab
  • Emirate of Multan (855–1010)
  • Sayyid dynasty (1398-1414)
  • Langah Sultanate (1445–1540)
  • Bahawalpur (princely state) (1727–1947)
  • Chieftaincy of Pothohar (1394–1769)
    • Jasrat's rebellion (1421-1432)
  • Gakhar Sultanate (11th century-1818)
  • Pakpattan state (1692–1810)
  • Sial dynasty (1727-1816)
• In Kashmir (1339–1586)
  • Shah Mir dynasty (1339–1561)
  • Chak dynasty (1554–1586)
• Northern dynasties (780–1947)
  • Trakhan dynasty (780–1821)
  • Maqpon dynasty (1190–1840)
  • Hunza (princely state) (1700–1974)
  • Nagar (princely state) (1660–1974)
• Dynasties of Chitral
  • Raees Dynasty (1320–1570)
  • Katoor dynasty (1570–1947)
• In Khyber
  • Qarlughids (1238–1266)
  • Pakhal's Sultanate of Swat (1190-1519)
  • Pakhli Sarkar (1472–1703)
  • Emirate of Waziristan (2004–2014)
  • Swat (princely state) (1849–1972)
  • Amb (princely state) (1772–1971)
  • Phulra (princely state) (1828–1950)
  • Dir (princely state) (1626–1969)
  • Jandol State (1830–1972)
• In Balochistan
  • Las Bela (princely state) (1742–1955)
  • Ma'danid dynasty (10th-11th century)
  • Kharan (princely state) (1697–1955)
  • Makran (princely state) (1898–1955)
  • Khanate of Kalat (1666–1955)

India

• Mahaniyyah Kingdom ()
• Ghaznavids (1000–1030)
• Ghurids (1192–1206)
• Delhi Sultanate (1206–1526)
  • Mamluk dynasty of Delhi (1206–1290)
  • Khalji Dynasty (1290–1320)
  • Tughlaq dynasty (1321–1414)
  • Sayyid Dynasty (1414–1451)
  • Lodi dynasty (1451–1526)
• Bengal Sultanate (1352–1576)
• Khandesh Sultanate under Farooqi dynasty (1382–1601)
• Jaunpur Sultanate (1394–1479)
• Gujarat Sultanate (1394–1573)
• Malwa Sultanate (1392–1562)
• Sur Empire (1540–1556)
• Mughal Empire (1526–1857)
• Bahmani Sultanate (1347–1527)
• Madurai Sultanate (1335–1378)
• Mysore Kingdom (1749–1799) under Hyder Ali, Tippu Sultan
• Deccan sultanates (1489–1687)
  • Bidar Sultanate (1492–1619)
  • Ahmadnagar Sultanate (1490–1637)
  • Berar Sultanate (1490–1572)
  • Bijapur Sultanate (1490–1686)
  • Golconda Sultanate (1518–1687)
• Nawab of Bengal and Murshidabad (1707–1880)
• Carnatic Sultanate (1692–1855)
• Oudh State (1732–1858)
• Balasinor State (1758–1948)
• Banda (state) (1790–1858)
• Nawab of Banganapalle (1665–1947)
• Baoni State (1784–1947)
• Basoda State (1753–1947)
• Bhopal State (1723–1947)
• Dujana (1806–1947)
• Nawab of Farrukhabad (1714–1802)
• Hyderabad State (1724–1949)
• Jafarabad State (1650–1948)
• Janjira State (1489–1948)
• Jaora State (1808–1948)
• Junagadh State (1730–1948)
• Kamadhia (1817–1947)
• Cambay State (1730–1948)
• Arakkal Kingdom (1545–1819)
• Nawab of Kurnool (1690–1839)
• Kurwai State (1713–1923)
• Loharu State (1806–1931)
• Malerkotla State (1468–1947)
• Bantva Manavadar (1733–1947)
• Mohammadgarh State (1818–1947)
• Palanpur State (1597–1947)
• Pataudi State (1804–1931)
• Pathari State (1794–1947)
• Radhanpur State (1753–1948)
• Nawab of Rajouri (1194–1846)
• Rampur State (1719–1947)
• Sachin State (1791–1947)
• Sardargarh Bantva (1743–1948)
• Savanur State (1680–1912)
• Nawab of Surat (1733–1842)
• Tonk State (1817–1947)
• Zainabad (1903–1947)
• Mewat (1372–1527)
• Kharagpur Raj (1615–1840)
• Qaimkhani (1384–1731)
• Lalkhani
• Kingdom of Rohilkhand (1710–1857)
• Nanpara (1632–1947)
• Nawab of Mamdot (1800–1947)
• Bhikampur and Datawali (Aligarh) State (1750–1947)
• Nawab of Farrukhnagar (1732–1947)
• Nawab of Chhatari (1680–1981)
• Nawab of Sardhana (1842–1947)
• Faujdars of Purnea (1704–1947)
• Nawab of Pahasu (1825–1969)

Southern Europe

Spain & Portugal

• Umayyad Emirate of Cordoba (756–929)
• Umayyad Caliph of Cordoba (929–1031)
• Taifa of Arjona (1232–1244)
• Taifa of Barcelona (716–801)
• Taifa of Baeza (1224–1226)
• Taifa of Ceuta (1026–1079)
• Taifa of Constantina and Hornachuelos (1143–1150)
• Taifa of Guadix and Baza (1145–1151)
• Taifa of Saltes and Huelva (1012–1051)
• Taifa of Jaen (1145–1168)
• Taifa of Lérida (1039–1046,1102–1110)
• Taifa of Murviedro and Sagunto (1086–1092)
• Taifa of Orihuela (1239–1249)
• Taifa of Purchena (1145–1150)
• Taifa of Segura (1147–1150)
• Taifa of Tortosa (1010–1099)
• Taifa of Tejada (1146–1150)
• Taifa of Valencia (1010–1238)
• Taifa of Alpuente (1009–1106)
• Taifa of Badajoz (1009–1151)
• Taifa of Morón (1010–1066)
• Taifa of Toledo (1010–1085)
• Taifa of Tortosa (1010–1099)
• Taifa of Arcos (1011–1145)
• Taifa of Almería (1010–1147)
• Taifa of Denia (1010–1227)
• Taifa of Valencia (1010–1238)
• Taifa of Murcia (1011–1266)
• Taifa of Albarracín (1012–1104)
• Taifa of Zaragoza (1013–1110)
• Taifa of Granada (1013–1145)
• Taifa of Carmona (1013–1150)
• Taifa of Santa María de Algarve (1018–1051)
• Taifa of Mallorca (1018–1203)
• Taifa of Lisbon (1022–1093)
• Taifa of Seville (1023–1091)
• Taifa of Niebla (1023–1262)
• Taifa of Córdoba (1031–1091)
• Taifa of Mértola (1033–1151)
• Taifa of Algeciras (1035–1058)
• Taifa of Ronda (1039–1065)
• Taifa of Silves (1040–1151)
• Taifa of Málaga (1073–1239)
• Taifa of Molina (c. 1080's–1100)
• Taifa of Lorca (1228–1250)
• Taifa of Menorca (1228–1287)
• Emirate of Granada (1228–1492)

France

• Fraxinetum (887–972)
• The Emirate of Septimania, Southern France (Gaul) (719–759) Rule by: Umayyad Caliph of Cordova

Italy

• The Emirate of Bari (847–871)
• The Emirate of Taranto (831–880)
• The Emirate of Sicily (802–1091) Rule by:
  • Wali of Sicily (802–827) Euphemius & Asad
  • Aghlabids of Sicily (827–909)
  • Fatimids of Sicily (909–965)
  • Emirate of Sicily (965–1091) Kalbids

Gibraltar

• Gibraltar Maghreb (711–1462)

Sahel and Subsaharan Africa

Sudan, South Sudan

• Banu Kanz (1004–1412, Nubian)
• Kingdom of al-Abwab (1276–1560)
• Darfur Sultanate (1445–1916)
• Dar Fertit (1700–1873)
• Dar al Masalit Sultanate (1884–1921)
• Dar Qimr Sultanate (1850–1945)
• Funj Sultanate (1503–1821)
• Kingdom of Fazughli (1685–1821, Under Sennar)
• Kordofan Sultanate (1700–1821)
• Khedivate of Egypt (1867–1914)
• Mahdiyya (1889–1898)
• Sultanate of Egypt (1914–1z922)
• Kingdom of Egypt (1922–1958)

Mauritania

• Emirate of Brakna (1600–1934)
• Emirate of Trarza (1640–present)
• Emirate of Adrar (1740–1932)
• Emirate of Tagant (1580–present)

Niger

• Dendi Kingdom (1591–1901)
• Sultanate of Agadez (1449–1900)
• Sultanate of Damagaram (1731–present)
• Dosso kingdom (1750–present)
• Sultanate of Maradi (1807–present)
• Tera Kingdom (1700–present)
• Kokoro Kingdom (1700–1901)
• Goure Kingdom (1700–1960)
• Dargol Kingdom (1700–1901)
• Emirate of Say (1825–1860)

Nigeria

• Bornu Empire (1380–1893)
• Sokoto Caliphate (1804–1903)
• Hausa Kingdoms (1696–1831)
• Nupe Kingdom (1531–1872)
• Biu Kingdom (1535–1740)
• Gadawur Kingdom (1421–1807)
• Biram Kingdom (1110–1808)
• Kingdom of Ila Orangun (1680–present)
• Iwo Kingdom (1415–present)
• Kingdom of Kano (999–1349)
• Sultanate of Kano (1350–1805)
• Sultanate of Kebbi (1515–1831)
• Yauri Kingdom (1400–1799)
• Zamfara Kingdom (1200–1804)
• Zaria Kingdom (1200–1896)
• Osogbo Kingdom (1760–present)
• Ede Kingdom (1858–present)
• Suleja Emirate (1804–present)
• Adamawa Emirate (1809–present)
• Agaie Emirate (1832–present)
• Bade Emirate (1818–present)
• Bashar Emirate
• Bauchi Emirate (1805–present)
• Bida Emirate (1856–present)
• Biu Emirate (1740–present)
• Birnin Gwari
• Borgu Emirate (1730–present)
• Borno Emirate (1902–present)
• Damaturu Emirate (2004–present)
• Daura Emirate (1778–present)
• Dikwa Emirate (1901–present)
• Fika Emirate (1806–present)
• Gobir Kingdom (1694–1800)
• Gobir Emirate (1800–present)
• Gombe Emirate (1804–present)
• Gujba Emirate (2000–present)
• Gumel Emirate (1750–present)
• Gusau Emirate (1997–present)
• Gwandu Emirate (1849–present)
• Hadejia Emirate (1808–present)
• Ohinoyi of Ebiraland (1904–present)
• Ilorin Emirate (1824–present)
• Jajere Emirate (2000–present)
• Jama'are Emirate (1811–present)
• Jema'a Emirate (1810–present)
• Kano Emirate (1805–present)
• Katagum Emirate (1807–present)
• Katsina Emirate (1903–present)
• Kazaure Emirate (1819–present)
• Kebbi Emirate (1849–present)
• Keffi Emirate (1802–present)
• Kontagora Emirate (1858–present)
• Koton Karifi (1800–present)
• Lafia Emirate (1650–present)
• Lafiagi Emirate (1975–present)
• Lapai Emirate (1825–present)
• Lere Emirate (1808–present)
• Machina Emirate
• Misau Emirate (1850–present)
• Mubi Emirate (1805–present)
• Muri Emirate (1817–present)
• Nasarawa Emirate (1835–present)
• Ningi Emirate (1827–present)
• Pategi Emirate (1897–present)
• Potiskum Emirate (1809–present)
• Tula Chiefdom (2003–present)
• Rano Emirate (1819–present)
• Rano Kingdom (523–1819)
• Yauri Emirate (1799–present)
• Zamfara Emirate (1804–present)
• Zazzau Emirate (1808–present)
• Agbede (1880–present)
• Ajasse Ipo (1749–present)
• Ado-Odo Kingdom (1494–present)
• Auchi (1819–present)
• Kaiama Emirate (1770–present)
• Dutse Emirate (1807–present)
• Gwoza Emirate (1919–present)
• Ibadan (1820–present)
• Bichi Emirate (2019–present)
• Gaya Emirate (2019–present)
• Karaye Emirate (2019–present)
• Gwanara Emirate (1810–present)
• Shanga Emirate (1859–present)
• Wase Emirate (1820–present)
• Yashikira Emirate (1769–present)
• Bwari Emirate (1976–present)
• Daular Musulunci (2014–present)

Mali

• Songhai Empire (1430s–1591)
• Pashalik of Timbuktu (1591–1833)

Regional

• Fulani Empire of Sokoto (1804–1903)
• Fulani or Fulbe Empire of Macina of Seku Amadu (1818–1862)
• Fulani or Fulbe Empire of El Hajj Oumar Tall, Toucouleur Empire (1848–1898)
• Fulani or Fulbe Empire of Bundu (state) of Malick Daouda Sy (1669–1954)
• Kanem Empire (700–1380)
• Bornu Empire (1380–1893)
• Wadai Empire (1501–1912)

Cameroon

• Bafut Kingdom (1750–present)
• Kotoko Kingdom (1450–present)
• Bamum Kingdom (1394–present)
• Banyo Kingdom (1830–present)
• Bibemi Sultanate (1770–present)
• Garoua Sultanate (1810–present)
• Kontcha Kingdom (1902–present)
• Kungi Kingdom (1990–present)
• Logone-Birni Kingdom (1805–present)
• Mandara Kingdom (1500–present)
• Maroua Sultanate (1792–present)
• N'Gaoundere Sultanate (1836–present)
• Rey Bouba Sultanate (1804–present)
• Tibati Lamidate (1810–present)
• Bankim Kingdom (1760–present)
• Mboum Kingdom (1800–present)

Burkina Faso

• Yatenga Kingdom (1333–present)
• Tenkodogo Kingdom (1120–present)
• Bilanga Kingdom (1700–present)
• Koala Kingdom (1810–present)
• Nungu Kingdom (1204–present)
• Pama Kingdom (1600–present)
• Gurunsi Kingdom (1870–1897)
• Liptako Kingdom (1810–present)
• Gwiriko Kingdom (1714–1915)

Chad

• Kanem Empire (700–1380)
• Wadai Empire (1501–1912)
• Sultanate of Yao (1630–1909)
• Tunjur kingdom (1400–1650)
• Kingdom of Baguirmi (1485–1898)
• Dar Sila (1213–1643)
• Dar Runga (1700–1898)
• Rabih az-Zubayr (1860–1900)
• Kabka Sultanate (1990–Present)

Central African Republic

• Dar al Kuti Sultanate (1830–1912)
• Rafai Sultanate (1800–1966)
• Zemio Sultanate (1830–1923)
• Bangassou Sultanate (1780–1966)

Côte d'Ivoire

• Kong Empire (1690–1913)
• Kabadougou Kingdom (1846–1880)
• Bouna Kingdom (1600–present)

Ghana

• Dagbon Kingdom (1409–present)
• Kingdom of Wala (1317–present)
• Mamprusi (1450–present)
• Nanumba (1850–present)
• Gonja kingdom (1564–present)
• Zabarima Emirate (1860–1897)

Senegal

• Imamate of Futa Toro (1776–1821)
• Imamate of Futa Jallon (1725–1911)
• Empire of Great Fulo (1490–1776)

Guinea

• Benna Kingdom (1858–1904)
• Bramaya Kingdom (1800–1883)
• Dubreka Kingdom (1800–1888)
• Fuuta Jalon (1726–1912)
• Kanea Kingdom (1800–1880)
• Kinsam Kingdom (1850–1894)
• Koba Kingdom (1700–1898)
• Landuma Kingdom (1700–1892)
• Nalu Kingdom (1845–1884)
• Samburu Kingdom (1700–1892)
• Solima Kingdom (1850–1894)
• Timbi Tunni Kingdom (1800–1890)

Togo

• Kotokolia (1785–present)
• Tchamba (1750–present)
• Bafilo (1700–present)
• Bassar (1800–present)
• Cokossi (1750–present)

Sierra Leone

• Alikalia Kingdom (1817–1898)
• Biriwa Chiefdom (1800–present)
• Dembelia Sikunia (1850–present)
• Imperri Chiefdom (1850–present)
• Kaiyamba Chiefdom (1884–present)
• Mande (1800–1919)
• Nongowa Chiefdom (1820–present)
• Safroko Limba Chiefdom (1907–present)
• Susu Kingdom (1806–1892)
• Kingdom of Koya (1505–1908)
• Ko Fransa Kingdom (1700–1859)
• Tonko Limba Chiefdom (1836–present)
• Wonkafong (1794–1890)

East Africa ("Swahili Coast")

Tanzania

• Pemba Sultanate (1550–1829)
• Hadimu Sultanate (1650–1873)
• Unyanyembe Kingdom (1727–present)
• Kilindi dynasty (1750–present)
• Tumbatu Sultanate (1800–1865)
• Sultanate of Ujiji (1800–present)
• Sultanate of Zanzibar (1856–1964)
• Uhehu Sultanate (1860–1962)

Kenya

• Malindi Kingdom (850–1861)
• Kilwa Sultanate (957–1517)
• Pate Sultanate (1203–1870)
• Mombasa Sultanate (1502–1895)
• Wituland (1858–1929)

Democratic Republic of the Congo

• Tippu Tip's State (1860–1887)
• Sultanate of Kasongo (1860–1895)

Malawi

• Jumbes of Nkhotakota (1840–1894)

Mozambique

• Angoche Sultanate (1485–1910)
• Kitangonya Sheikhdom (1750–1906)
• Sankul Sheikhdom (1753–1910)

Indian Ocean Region

Maldives

• Sultanate of Maldives (1153–1968)
  • Theemuge dynasty (1161–1338)
  • Hilaalee dynasty (1388–1558)
  • Utheemu dynasty (1632–1692)
  • Hamavi dynasty (1692)
  • Devadhu dynasty (1692–1701)
  • Isdhoo dynasty (1701–1704)
  • Dhiyamigili dynasty (1704–1759, 1766–1773)
  • Huraa dynasty (1759–1766, 1774–1968)

Mayotte

• The Sultanate of Mwati (1500–1841)

Comoros

• The Sultanate of Ndzuwani (1711–1912)
• The Sultanate of Ngazidjia (1400–1912) also known as the Sultanate of Bambao
• The Sultanate of Mwali (1830–1909)
• The Sultanate of Bajini (1500–1889)
• The Sultanate of Itsandra (1400–1886)
• The Sultanate of Mitsamihuli
• The Sultanate of Washili
• The Sultanate of Hambuu
• The Sultanate of Hamahame
• The Sultanate of Mbwankuu
• The Sultanate of Mbude
• The Sultanate of Domba

Madagascar

• The Sakalava Kingdom (1500–1898)
• The Antemoro Kingdom (1495–1888)

Eastern Europe (Balkan Region)

Ukraine, Moldova

• Crimean Khanate (1441–1783)
• Budjak Horde (1603–1799)

Romania, Bulgaria

• Tamrash Republic (1878–1886)
• Provisional Government of Western Thrace (1913)

Greece

• Pashalik of Yanina (1788–1822)
• Emirate of Crete (820–961)

Albania, Bosnia

• Pashalik of Scutari (1757–1831)
• Pashalik of Berat (1774–1809)
• Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia (1995)

Ural Region, Siberia (Russia)

• Volga Bulgaria (922–1236)
• Golden Horde (1251–1502)
• Kazan Khanate (1438–1552)
• Astrakhan Khanate (1466–1556)
• Qasim Khanate (1452–1681)
• Bashkirs (800–1557)
• Sibir Khanate (1468–1598)
• Great Horde (1466–1502)
• Nogai Horde (1440–1634)
• Lesser Nogai Horde (1449–1783)
• Crimean Khanate (1441–1783)
• Mishar Yurt (1298–1393)
• Mukhsha Ulus (1300–1500)
• Idel-Ural State (1918)

Central Asia, East Asia

Transoxania (Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan)

• Afrighid dynasty (305–995)
• Principality of Ushrusana (822–892)
• Karakhanid Empire (840–1212, Transoxiana)
• Seljuk Empire (1029–1194, based in Merv, Eastern Division)
• Khwarazmian Empire (1077–1231)
• Timurid dynasty (1370–1507)
• Chagatai Khanate (Mongol) (1226–1347)
• Muhtajids (950–1030)
• Yarkent Khanate (1487–1705)
• Shaybanid (1428–1599)
• Samanid Empire (819–999)
• Ghaznavids (977–1186)
• Khanate of Bukhara (1500–1785)
• Kazakh Khanate (1456–1847)
• Khanate of Khiva (1511–1920)
• Khanate of Kokand (1709–1876)
• Uzbek Khanate (1428–1471)
• White Horde (Mongol) (1360–1428)
• Emirate of Bukhara (1785–1920)
• Golden Horde (Mongol) (1313–1502)
• Bukey Horde (1801–1845)
• Sufids (1361–1379)
• Ögedei Khanete (1226-1402)

Mongolia and China

• Kara-Khanid Khanate (840–1212, based in Kashgar)
• Moghulistan (Mongol) (1347–1462)
  • Western Moghulistan (1462–1690)
  • Eastern Moghulistan / Uyghurstan (1462–1680)
• Yarkent Khanate (1514–1705)
• Turpan Khanate (1487–1570)
• Kashgaria Khanate (1865–1877)
• Kumul Khanate (1696–1930)
• Khoja Kingdom (1693–1857)
• Dughlats (1466–1514)
• Kingdom of Mangalai (1220–1877)
• Pingnan Guo (1856–1873)
• First East Turkestan Republic (1933–1934)
• Second East Turkestan Republic (1944–1949)

Southeast Asia

Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore

• Samudera Pasai Sultanate (1267–1521)
• Malacca Sultanate (1400–1511)
• Bruneian Sultanate (1363–present)
• Aceh Sultanate (1496–1904)
• Demak Sultanate (1475–1554)
• Cirebon Sultanate (1430–1666)
• Banten Sultanate (1527–1813)
• Sultanate of Siak (1723–1949)
• Gorontalo Sultanate (1385–1878)
• Aru Kingdom (1225–1613)
• Salawati Kingdom (1500s–1935)
• Sultanate of Langkat (1568–1946)
• Sultanate of Asahan (1630–1946)
• Sultanate of Serdang (1723–1946)
• Sultanate of Deli (1632–1946)
• Pagaruyung Kingdom (1347–1833)
• Sultanate of Johor (1528–present)
• Sultanate of Kedah (1136–present)
• Sultanate of Kelantan (1267–present)
• Sultanate of Perak (1528–present)
• Bilah Sultanate (1630–1946)
• Sultanate of Pahang (1470–present)
• Sultanate of Selangor (1743–present)
• Sultanate of Terengganu (1725–present)
• Perlis Kingdom (1843–present)
• Negeri Sembilan Kingdom (1773–present)
• Sultanate of Sarawak (1599–1641)
• Bima Sultanate (1620–1958)
• Mataram Sultanate (1586–1755)
• Kingdom of Pajang (1568–1618)
• Yogyakarta Sultanate (1755–present)
• Surakarta Sunanate (1745–present)
• Kingdom of Sumedang Larang (1527–1620)
• Kalinyamat Sultanate (1527–1599)
• Sultanate of Ternate (1257–1914)
• Sultanate of Tidore (1450–1967)
• Sultanate of Jailolo (1200s–1832)
• Sultanate of Bacan (1322–1965)
• Sultanate of Banjar (1526–1860)
• Sultanate of Pontianak (1771–1950)
• Kutai Kartanegara Sultanate (1600s–1945)
• Sultanate of Sambas (1609–1956)
• Sultanate of Sintang (1365–1950)
• Sultanate of Bulungan (1731–1964)
• Kingdom of Bolaang Mongondow (1670–1950)
• Sultanate of Gowa (1300s–1945)
• Kingdom of Tallo (1400–1856)
• Palembang Sultanate (1659–1823)
• Kingdom of Kaimana (1309–1923)
• Jambi Sultanate (1550–1905)
• Riau-Lingga Sultanate (1824–1911) Philippines

• Kingdom of Manila (1258–1571)
• Datu of Mactan (1500–1540) ?
• Sultanate of Buayan (1350–1905)
• Sultanate of Maguindanao (1515–1905)
• Sultanate of Panay (2011–present)
• Sultanate of Sulu (1405–1915, 1962–1986)
• Sultanates of Lanao (1616–1904) Thailand
• Pattani Kingdom (1457–1902)
• Sultanate of Singora (1605–1680)
• Kingdom of Setul Mambang Segara (1808–1916)
• Kingdom of Reman (1810–1902) Cambodia, Vietnam
• Kingdom of Champa (11th century–1832)
• Kingdom of Cambodia (1642–1658; during Sultan Ibrahim reign)

References

Bibliography

References

1. Levy-Rubin, Milka. (2011). "Non-Muslims in the Early Islamic Empire". Cambridge University Press.
2. (2020). "A History of the Islamic World, 600–1800: Empire, Dynastic Formations, and Heterogeneities in Pre-Modern Islamic West-Asia". Routledge.
3. Libyan Studies, Society. (2004). "Libyan Studies: Annual Report of the Society for Libyan Studies". Society for Libyan Studies (London, England).
4. Kenneth Pletcher. (2010). "The History of India".
5. {{Harvard citation no brackets. Anjum. 2007. al-Māmūn]] (r. 198-218/813-833), a slave named Fadl ibn Māhān (d. probably before 202/817) established his semi-autonomous Māhāniyyah Kingdom in Gujrat with its capital at Sandan (modern Sanjan, a town situated in the north of [[Mumbai. Bombay]])."
6. (3 June 2012). "Royal decree creates Sultanate of Panay in Capiz". Philippine Daily Inquirer.