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List of mountain types

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Mountains and hills can be characterized in several ways. Some mountains are volcanoes and can be characterized by the type of lava and eruptive history. Other mountains are shaped by glacial processes and can be characterized by their shape. Finally, many mountains can be characterized by the type of rock that make up their composition.

Types of mountains according to geology

Glacially sculpted mountains and hills

Arête
Drumlin
Esker
Flyggberg
Nunatak
Pyramidal peak
Whaleback mountain

Volcanic mountains

Cinder cone
Complex volcano
Guyot
Lava cone
Lava dome
Mud volcano
Pancake dome
Pyroclastic cone
Pyroclastic shield
Shield volcano
Stratovolcano
Subglacial mound
Submarine volcano
Somma volcano
Tuya
Volcanic field
Volcanic plug

Mountains with structure-controlled form

Bornhardt
Cuesta
Dome
Fault-block mountain
Fold mountain
Hogback
Homoclinal ridge
Table and mesa
- Tepui (Guiana Highlands)
Traprock mountain

Other types of mountain or hill

Belki
Bergsknalle
Conical hill
Golets (geography)
Inselberg
Kuppe
Line parent
Mound
Mount
Mittelgebirge
Residual hill
Tower karst
Tumulus
- Barrow (British Isles)
- Kurgan (Eurasian Steppe)
Ultra

Mountains defined by their vegetation

Fell
Grass mountain
Kalottberg

Types of rock that make up mountains

Igneous
- Extrusive (see types of volcanoes, above)
- Intrusive
Metamorphic
Sedimentary

Groups of mountains

Cordillera
Inselberg field
Hügelland
Monogenetic volcanic field
Mountain range
Polygenetic volcanic field
Undulating hilly land

References

Lidmar-Bergström, Karna. (1995). "Relief and saprolites through time on the Baltic Shield". [[Geomorphology (journal).

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