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List of most expensive cities for expatriate employees
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These are lists of the world's most expensive cities for expatriate employees (not residents), according to the Mercer, ECA International cost-of-living surveys. Other surveys from online collaborative indices, such as Numbeo, Expatistan, or Eardex are not covered by this article.
Various factors enter into a city's cost-of-living for expatriate employees, such as monetary value, consumer confidence, investment, interest rates, exchange rates of the country's currency, and housing costs. This list does not account for cost-of-living savings accrued to local citizens through government-subsidized housing, health care, education, differences in taxation, and many other factors irrelevant to expatriates. Cost of living may be much higher for expatriates than for local residents in a developing country, especially if expatriates expect a standard of living similar to a developed country.
Mercer


Mercer's Cost of Living surveys are taken in March of each year. The survey covers 207 cities around the world and measures the comparative cost of over 200 items in each location, including housing, transport, food, clothing, household goods, and entertainment. It is designed to help multinational companies and governments determine compensation allowances for their expatriate employees. New York is used as the base city, and all other cities are compared against it. The cost of housing plays an important part in determining where cities are ranked.
Two main factors determine a city’s ranking in Mercer’s survey – the relative strength of the relevant currency against the US dollar over the prior 12 months and price movements over the prior 12 months compared to those in New York City as the base.
| Rank | City | Country or Region |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hong Kong | |
| 2 | Singapore | |
| 3 | Zürich | |
| 4 | Geneva | |
| 5 | Basel | |
| 6 | New York | |
| 7 | Bern | |
| 8 | Tel Aviv | |
| 9 | Copenhagen | |
| 10 | Nassau |
| Rank | City | Country or Region |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hong Kong | |
| 2 | Zürich | |
| 3 | Geneva | |
| 4 | Basel | |
| 5 | Bern | |
| 6 | Tel Aviv | |
| 7 | New York | |
| 8 | Singapore | |
| 9 | Tokyo | |
| 10 | Beijing |
| Rank | City | Country or Region |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ashgabat | |
| 2 | Hong Kong | |
| 3 | Beirut | |
| 4 | Tokyo | |
| 5 | Zürich | |
| 6 | Shanghai | |
| 7 | Singapore | |
| 8 | Geneva | |
| 9 | Beijing | |
| 10 | Bern |
| Rank | City | Country of Region |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hong Kong | |
| 2 | Ashgabat | |
| 3 | Tokyo | |
| 4 | Zürich | |
| 5 | Singapore | |
| 6 | New York | |
| 7 | Shanghai | |
| 8 | Bern | |
| 9 | Geneva | |
| 10 | Beijing |
| Rank | City | Country or Region |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hong Kong | |
| 2 | Tokyo | |
| 3 | Singapore | |
| 4 | Seoul | |
| 5 | Zürich | |
| 6 | Shanghai | |
| 7 | Ashgabat | |
| 8 | Beijing | |
| 9 | New York | |
| 10 | Shenzhen |
| Rank | City | Country or Region |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hong Kong | |
| 2 | Tokyo | |
| 3 | Zürich | |
| 4 | Singapore | |
| 5 | Seoul | |
| 6 | Luanda | |
| 7 | Shanghai | |
| 8 | N’Djamena | |
| 9 | Beijing | |
| 10 | Bern |
| Rank | City | Country or Region |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Luanda | |
| 2 | Hong Kong | |
| 3 | Tokyo | |
| 4 | Zürich | |
| 5 | Singapore | |
| 6 | Seoul | |
| 7 | Geneva | |
| 8 | Shanghai | |
| 9 | New York | |
| 10 | Bern |
| Rank | City | Country or Region |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hong Kong | |
| 2 | Luanda | |
| 3 | Zürich | |
| 4 | Singapore | |
| 5 | Tokyo | |
| 6 | Kinshasa | |
| 7 | Shanghai | |
| 8 | Geneva | |
| 9 | N’Djamena | |
| 10 | Beijing |
| Rank | City | Country or Region |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Luanda | |
| 2 | Hong Kong | |
| 3 | Zürich | |
| 4 | Singapore | |
| 5 | Geneva | |
| 6 | Shanghai | |
| 7 | Beijing | |
| 8 | Seoul | |
| 9 | Bern | |
| 10 | N’Djamena |
ECA International
Every March and September, ECA International calculates the cost of living for expatriates in almost 400 cities around the world. The survey does not include certain living costs such as accommodation, utilities (electricity, gas, water costs), car purchase and school fees. These are usually compensated for separately in expatriate packages from cost of living allowances.
| Ranking | City | Country or Region |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | New York | |
| 2 | Hong Kong | |
| 3 | Geneva | |
| 4 | London | |
| 5 | Singapore | |
| 6 | Zürich | |
| 7 | San Francisco | |
| 8 | Tel Aviv | |
| 9 | Seoul | |
| 10 | Tokyo |
| Ranking | City | Country or Region | |
|---|---|---|---|
| access-date=2023-01-09 | website=www.eca-international.com}} | ||
| 1 | Hong Kong | ||
| 2 | New York | ||
| 3 | Geneva | ||
| 4 | London | ||
| 5 | Tokyo | ||
| 6 | Tel Aviv | ||
| 7 | Zürich | ||
| 8 | Shanghai | ||
| 9 | Guangzhou | ||
| 10 | Seoul |
| Ranking | City | Country or Region |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hong Kong | |
| 2 | Tokyo | |
| 3 | Geneva | |
| 4 | New York | |
| 5 | London | |
| 6 | Zürich | |
| 7 | Tel Aviv | |
| 8 | Seoul | |
| 9 | Shanghai | |
| 10 | Guangzhou |
| Ranking | City | Country or Region |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ashgabat | |
| 2 | Zürich | |
| 3 | Geneva | |
| 4 | Basel | |
| 5 | Bern | |
| 6 | Hong Kong | |
| 7 | Tokyo | |
| 8 | Tel Aviv | |
| 9 | Jerusalem | |
| 10 | Yokohama |
| Ranking | City | Country or Region |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ashgabat | |
| 2 | Zürich | |
| 3 | Geneva | |
| 4 | Hong Kong | |
| 5 | Basel | |
| 6 | Bern | |
| 7 | Tokyo | |
| 8 | Seoul | |
| 9 | Tel Aviv | |
| 10 | Shanghai |
| Ranking | City | Country or Region |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ashgabat | |
| 2 | Geneva | |
| 3 | Zürich | |
| 4 | Basel | |
| 5 | Bern | |
| 6 | Hong Kong | |
| 7 | Seoul | |
| 8 | Tokyo | |
| 9 | Oslo | |
| 10 | Stavanger |
| Ranking | City | Country or Region |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Luanda | |
| 2 | Hong Kong | |
| 3 | Zürich | |
| 4 | Geneva | |
| 5 | Basel | |
| 6 | Bern | |
| 7 | Tokyo | |
| 8 | Seoul | |
| 9 | Caracas | |
| 10 | Khartoum |
| Ranking | City | Country or Region |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Kinshasa | |
| 2 | Zürich | |
| 3 | Geneva | |
| 4 | Basel | |
| 5 | Bern | |
| 6 | Freetown | |
| 7 | Tokyo | |
| 8 | Luanda | |
| 9 | Hong Kong | |
| 10 | Shanghai |
| Ranking | City | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Juba | |
| 2 | Luanda | |
| 3 | Zürich | |
| 4 | Geneva | |
| 5 | Bern | |
| 6 | Basel | |
| 7 | Kinshasa | |
| 8 | Shanghai | |
| 9 | Beijing | |
| 10 | Seoul |
References
References
- (July 23, 2013). "Mercer's 2013 Cost of Living Survey City Rankings – Global Overview". Mercer.
- "Cost of Living Rankings for 2014". Xpatulator.
- "Cost of Living Index for 2012". Numbeo.
- "Expatistan Cost of Living Index". Expatistan.
- [http://www.eardex.com Eardex] {{Webarchive. link. (2023-12-11 . Retrieved January 25, 2013.)
- "Cost of Living City Ranking 2023".
- Gilchrist, Karen. (2022-06-29). "These are the most expensive places to work abroad in 2022".
- (22 June 2021). "Turkmenistan's capital tops list of most expensive cities for expats". BBC News.
- McKeever, Vicky. (2021-06-23). "These are the most expensive cities for working abroad in 2021".
- "Mercer's 2020 Cost of Living - City Rankings". Mercer.
- "Mercer's 25th annual Cost of Living Survey finds cities in Asia most expensive locations for employees working abroad.". Mercer.
- Neild, Barry. (2018-06-28). "World's most expensive cities for expats in 2018 revealed".
- "Mercer's 2017 Cost of Living - City Rankings". Mercer.
- "Mercer's 2016 Cost of Living - City Rankings". Mercer.
- "2016 Cost of living".
- "Mercer's 2015 Cost of Living - City Rankings". Mercer.
- "Hong Kong falls one place to become the second-most expensive location in the world".
- "Hong Kong remains the most expensive location in the world".
- "Singapore remains in the top 20 most expensive locations in the world, despite impact of Covid-19".
- "Singapore enters the top 15 most expensive locations in the world".
- "Hong Kong now the most expensive location in East Asia for expatriates".
- "Swiss cities dominate list of most expensive locations in the world for expats".
- "Kinshasa tops the global rankings of most expensive cities for expatriates".
- (June 11, 2015). "Hong Kong now more expensive than Tokyo for expatriates". ECA International.
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