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List of missions to the Moon

None

Field	Value
image
File:Moon Soft Landings.svg	frameless	370px	alt	Map of landing sites on the Moon
captionstyle	text-align:left;
caption
*{{legend2	#FF0000	border	1px solid #000000	Luna program (USSR)}}
*{{legend2	#00FFFF	border	1px solid #000000	Surveyor program (USA)}}
*{{legend2	#FF00FF	border	1px solid #000000	Apollo program (USA)}}
*{{legend2	#FFFF00	border	1px solid #000000	Chang'e program (China)}}
*{{legend2	#3A3AFF	border	1px solid #000000	Chandrayaan program (India)}}
*{{legend2	#D45500	border	1px solid #000000	SLIM (Japan)}}
*{{legend2	#00FF00	border	1px solid #000000	Commercial Lunar Payload Services (USA)}}

Note

missions to the Moon

Missions to the Moon have been numerous and represent some of the earliest endeavours in space missions, with continuous exploration of the Moon beginning in 1959.

The first partially successful lunar mission was Luna 1 in January 1959, which became the first probe to escape Earth's gravity and perform a flyby of another astronomical body, passing near the Moon. Soon after, the first Moon landing—and the first landing on any extraterrestrial body—was carried out by Luna 2, which intentionally impacted the Moon on 14 September 1959. The far side of the Moon, permanently hidden from Earth due to tidal locking, was imaged for the first time by Luna 3 on 7 October 1959, revealing terrain never before seen.

Significant advances continued throughout the 1960s. In 1966, Luna 9 achieved the first controlled soft landing on the lunar surface, followed later that year by Luna 10, the first spacecraft to enter orbit around the Moon. In 1968, the Zond 5 mission became the first to carry terrestrial lifeforms—specifically tortoises—on a circumlunar approach that brought them close to the Moon and returned them safely to Earth, demonstrating biological viability in deep space.

The first crewed missions to the Moon were undertaken by the Soviet Union and the United States, forming the pinnacle of the Space Race. While the Soviet programme pivoted toward robotic sample return missions, the American Apollo program advanced through a sequence of increasingly complex missions. In December 1968, Apollo 8 became the first crewed spacecraft to orbit the Moon. On 20 July 1969, Apollo 11 accomplished the first crewed landing on the lunar surface, during which Neil Armstrong became the first human to set foot on the Moon. Concurrently, the Soviet Luna 15 robotic mission was also orbiting the Moon, marking the first known instance of simultaneous extraterrestrial operations by different nations.

Between 1969 and 1972, the United States carried out six successful Apollo landings, while the Soviet Union continued deploying uncrewed probes, including the Lunokhod programme—the first extraterrestrial rovers—and sample return missions through 1976. Following this period, there was a gap in dedicated lunar missions lasting until 1990. Since then, renewed interest in lunar exploration has seen additional missions conducted by a broader range of spacefaring entities. In chronological order following the Soviet Union and the United States, the Moon has been visited by Japan, the European Space Agency, China, India, Luxembourg, Israel, Italy, South Korea, the United Arab Emirates, Russia, and Pakistan.

In 2018, the far side of the Moon was targeted for the first time by a landing mission. On 3 January 2019, China's Chang'e 4 mission successfully landed in the Aitken basin, deploying the Yutu-2 rover, which commenced scientific operations on the unexplored lunar hemisphere. Five years later, China launched the Chang'e 6 sample return mission to the far side. Its lander touched down in Apollo crater on 1 June 2024 and collected the first lunar samples retrieved from the Moon's far hemisphere.

The first commercial mission to the Moon was the Manfred Memorial Moon Mission (4M), developed by LuxSpace, a subsidiary of the German aerospace company OHB AG, Launched on 23 October 2014 with the mission flying as a secondary payload aboard CNSA's Chang'e 5-T1 spacecraft.

The Moon has also been visited by a small number of spacecraft not dedicated to lunar study. Of these, four executed flybys using the Moon for gravity assist manoeuvres to alter their interplanetary trajectories. In addition, Explorer 49, a radio astronomy satellite launched by the United States in 1973, was placed into selenocentric orbit where the Moon itself served as a shield from terrestrial radio interference, enabling observations of deep-space radio signals.

20th century

;Legend ⚀ Cubesat or similar

Mission	Launch date	Operator	Carrier rocket	Spacecraft	Mission type	Outcome
1	Pioneer 0		USA USAF	Thor DM-18 Able I	Pioneer 0	Orbiter
First attempted launch beyond Earth orbit; failed to orbit due to turbopump gearbox malfunction resulting in first-stage explosion. Reached apogee of 16 km.
2	Luna E-1 No.1		USSR OKB-1	Luna	Luna E-1 No.1	Impactor
Failed to orbit; rocket disintegrated due to excessive vibration.
3	Pioneer 1		USA NASA	Thor DM-18 Able I	Pioneer 1	Orbiter
Failed to orbit; premature second-stage cutoff due to accelerometer failure. Later known as Pioneer 1. Reached apogee of 113800 km.
4	Luna E-1 No.2		USSR OKB-1	Luna	Luna E-1 No.2	Impactor
Failed to orbit; carrier rocket exploded due to excessive vibration.
5	Pioneer 2		USA NASA	Thor DM-18 Able I	Pioneer 2	Orbiter
Failed to orbit; premature second-stage cutoff due to erroneous command by ground controllers; third stage failed to ignite due to broken electrical connection. Reached apogee of 1550 km.
6	Luna E-1 No.3		USSR OKB-1	Luna	Luna E-1 No.3	Impactor
Failed to orbit; seal failure in hydrogen peroxide pump cooling system resulted in core-stage underperformance.
7	Pioneer 3		USA NASA	Juno II	Pioneer 3	Flyby
Failed to orbit; premature first-stage cutoff. Reached apogee of 102360 km.
8	Luna 1		USSR OKB-1	Luna	Luna 1	Impactor
Carrier rocket guidance problem resulted in failure to impact Moon, flew past in a heliocentric orbit. Closest approach 5995 km on 4 January. First spacecraft to fly by the Moon.
9	Pioneer 4		USA NASA	Juno II	Pioneer 4	Flyby
Second-stage overperformance resulted in flyby at greater altitude than expected, out of instrument range, with 58983 km of distance. Closest approach at 22:25 UTC on 4 March. First U.S. spacecraft to leave Earth orbit.
10	E-1A No.1		USSR OKB-1	Luna	E-1A No.1	Impactor
Failed to orbit; guidance system malfunction.
11	Luna 2		USSR OKB-1	Luna	Luna 2	Impactor
Successful impact at 21:02 on 14 September 1959. First spacecraft to impact the lunar surface. This made the Soviet Union the 1st country to impact the surface of the Moon.
12	Luna 3		USSR OKB-1	Luna	Luna 3	Flyby
Returned the first images of the far side of the Moon.
13	Pioneer P-3		USA NASA	Atlas-D Able	Pioneer P-3	Orbiter
Failed to orbit; payload fairing disintegrated due to design fault.
14	Luna E-3 No.1		USSR OKB-1	Luna	Luna E-3 No.1	Flyby
Failed to orbit; premature third-stage cutoff.
15	Luna E-3 No.2		USSR OKB-1	Luna	Luna E-3 No.2	Flyby
Failed to orbit; rocket disintegrated ten seconds after launch.
16	Pioneer P-30		USA NASA	Atlas-D Able	Pioneer P-30	Orbiter
Failed to orbit; second-stage oxidizer system malfunction resulting in premature cutoff.
17	Pioneer P-31		USA NASA	Atlas-D Able	Pioneer P-31	Orbiter
Failed to orbit, exploded 68 seconds after launch, at an altitude of 12.2 km. Second stage ignited while first stage was still attached and burning.
18	Ranger 3		USA NASA	Atlas LV-3 Agena-B	Ranger 3	Impactor
Ranger 3 lander	Lander
Partial launch failure due to guidance problem; attempt to correct using spacecraft's engine resulted in it missing the Moon by 36793 km.
19	Ranger 4		USA NASA	Ranger 4	Atlas LV-3 Agena-B	Impactor
Ranger 4 lander	Lander
Failed to deploy solar panels, ran out of power ten hours after launch; incidental impact on the far side of the Moon on 26 April. First spacecraft to impact the far side of the Moon.
20	Ranger 5		USA NASA	Atlas LV-3 Agena-B	Ranger 5	Impactor
Ranger 5 lander	Lander
Solar panels erroneously disengaged from power system, failed hours after launch when batteries were depleted. Missed the Moon as course correction was not completed.
21	Luna E-6 No.2		USSR OKB-1	Molniya-L	Luna E-6 No.2	Lander
Failed to depart Low Earth orbit; guidance system power failure prevented upper-stage ignition.
22	Luna E-6 No.3		USSR OKB-1	Molniya-L	Luna E-6 No.3	Lander
Failed to orbit; guidance failure.
23	Luna 4		USSR OKB-1	Molniya-L	Luna 4	Lander
Failed to perform mid-course correction, remained in high Earth orbit until given escape velocity by orbital perturbation.
24	Ranger 6		USA NASA	Atlas LV-3 Agena-B	Ranger 6	Impactor
Impacted on 2 February 1964, failed to return images due to power system failure.
25	Luna E-6 No.6		USSR OKB-1	Molniya-M	Luna E-6 No.6	Lander
Failed to orbit; third stage underperformed due to oxidiser valve failure.
26	Luna E-6 No.5		USSR OKB-1	Molniya-M	Luna E-6 No.5	Lander
Failed to orbit; power failure caused by broken connection resulted in premature third-stage cutoff.
27	Ranger 7		USA NASA	Atlas LV-3 Agena-B	Ranger 7	Impactor
Impacted on 30 July 1964 at 13:25:48 UTC.
28	Ranger 8		USA NASA	Atlas LV-3 Agena-B	Ranger 8	Impactor
Impacted on 20 February 1965 at 09:57:37 UTC.
29	Kosmos 60		USSR Lavochkin	Molniya-L	Kosmos 60	Lander
Upper stage failed to restart due to guidance system short circuit, Failed to depart low Earth orbit.
30	Ranger 9		USA NASA	Atlas LV-3 Agena-B	Ranger 9	Impactor
Impacted on 24 March 1965 at 14:08:20 UTC.
31	Luna E-6 No.8		USSR Lavochkin	Molniya-L	Luna E-6 No.8	Lander
Third stage failed to ignite due to loss of oxidiser pressure, failed to orbit.
32	Luna 5		USSR Lavochkin	Molniya-M	Luna 5	Lander
Loss of control after gyroscope malfunction, failed to decelerate for landing and impacted the Moon at 19:10 UTC on 12 May 1965.
33	Luna 6		USSR Lavochkin	Molniya-M	Luna 6	Lander
Engine failed to shut down after performing mid-course correction manoeuvre, flew past the Moon in a heliocentric orbit.
34	Zond 3		USSR Lavochkin	Molniya	Zond 3	Flyby
Flew past the Moon on 20 July 1965 at a distance of 9200 km. Conducted technology demonstration for future planetary missions.
35	Luna 7		USSR Lavochkin	Molniya	Luna 7	Lander
Attitude control failure shortly before landing prevented controlled descent; impacted the lunar surface 22:08:24 UTC on 7 October 1965.
36	Luna 8		USSR Lavochkin	Molniya	Luna 8	Lander
Landing airbag punctured, resulting in loss of attitude control shortly before planned touchdown, impacted Moon on 6 December 1965 at 21:51:30 UTC.
37	Luna 9		USSR Lavochkin	Molniya-M	Luna 9	Lander
First spacecraft to land successfully on the Moon. Touchdown on 3 February 1966 at 18:45:30 UTC. Returned data until 6 February at 22:55 UTC. With its soft landing, the Soviet Union became the first country to successfully land on the lunar surface.
38	Kosmos 111		USSR Lavochkin	Molniya-M	Kosmos 111	Orbiter
Upper stage lost attitude control and failed to ignite; spacecraft never left low Earth orbit.
39	Luna 10		USSR Lavochkin	Molniya-M	Luna 10	Orbiter
Entered orbit at 18:44 UTC on 3 April 1966, becoming the first spacecraft to orbit the Moon. Continued to return data until 30 May.
40	Surveyor 1		USA NASA	Atlas LV-3C Centaur-D	Surveyor 1	Lander
Landed in Oceanus Procellarum on 2 June 1966 at 06:17:36 UTC. Returned data until loss of power on 13 July. With its soft landing, the United States became the second country to successfully land on the lunar surface.
41	Explorer 33		USA NASA	Delta E1	Explorer 33	Orbiter
Magnetospheric probe; rocket imparted greater velocity than had been planned, leaving spacecraft unable to enter orbit. Repurposed for Earth orbit mission which was completed successfully.
42	Lunar Orbiter 1		USA NASA	Atlas SLV-3 Agena-D	Lunar Orbiter 1	Orbiter
Orbital insertion at around 15:36 UTC on 14 August. Deorbited early due to lack of fuel and to avoid communications interference with the next mission, impacted the Moon at 13:30 UTC on 29 October 1966.
43	Luna 11		USSR Lavochkin	Molniya-M	Luna 11	Orbiter
Entered orbit on 28 August 1966. Failed to return images; other instruments operated correctly. Conducted gamma ray and X-ray observations to study the composition of the Moon, investigated the lunar gravitational field, the presence of meteorites in the lunar environment and the radiation environment at the Moon.
44	Surveyor 2		USA NASA	Atlas LV-3C Centaur-D	Surveyor 2	Lander
One thruster failed to ignite during mid-course correction manoeuvre, resulting in loss of control. Impacted the Moon at 03:18 UTC on 23 September 1966.
45	Luna 12		USSR Lavochkin	Molniya-M	Luna 12	Orbiter
Entered orbit on 25 October 1966 and returned data until 19 January 1967. Completed photography mission intended for Luna 11.
46	Lunar Orbiter 2		USA NASA	Atlas SLV-3 Agena-D	Lunar Orbiter 2	Orbiter
Entered orbit at about 19:51 UTC on 10 November 1966 to begin photographic mapping mission. Impacted on the far side of the lunar surface following deorbit burn on 11 October 1967 at end of mission.
47	Luna 13		USSR Lavochkin	Molniya-M	Luna 13	Lander
Successfully landed in Oceanus Procellarum at 18:01 UTC on 24 December 1966. Returned images from the surface and studied the lunar soil. Operated until depletion of power at 06:31 UTC on 28 December.
48	Lunar Orbiter 3		USA NASA	Atlas SLV-3 Agena-D	Lunar Orbiter 3	Orbiter
Entered orbit at 21:54 UTC on 8 February 1967. Deorbited at end of mission and impacted the Moon on 9 October 1967.
49	Surveyor 3		USA NASA	Atlas LV-3C Centaur-D	Surveyor 3	Lander
Landed at 00:04 UTC on 20 April 1967 and operated until 3 May. Visited by Apollo 12 astronauts in 1969, with some parts removed for return to Earth.
50	Lunar Orbiter 4		USA NASA	Atlas SLV-3 Agena-D	Lunar Orbiter 4	Orbiter
Entered orbit at 21:54 UTC on 8 May 1967, operated until 17 July. Decayed from orbit, with lunar impact occurring on 6 October 1967.
51	Surveyor 4		USA NASA	Atlas LV-3C Centaur-D	Surveyor 4	Lander
Contact with spacecraft lost at 02:03 UTC on 17 July, two and a half minutes before scheduled landing. NASA determined that the spacecraft may have exploded, otherwise it impacted the Moon.
52	Explorer 35
(AIMP-E)		USA NASA	Delta E1	Explorer 35
(AIMP-E)	Orbiter
Magnetospheric probe, studying the Moon and interplanetary space. Deactivated on 27 June 1973. Presumed to have impacted the Moon during the 1970s.
53	Lunar Orbiter 5		USA NASA	Atlas SLV-3 Agena-D	Lunar Orbiter 5	Orbiter
Final mission in the Lunar Orbiter series, entered selenocentric orbit on 5 August at 16:48 UTC and conducted a photographic survey until 18 August. Deorbited and impacted the Moon on 31 January 1968.
54	Surveyor 5		USA NASA	Atlas SLV-3C Centaur-D	Surveyor 5	Lander
Landed in Mare Tranquillitatis at 00:46:44 UTC on 11 September. Last signals received at 04:30 UTC on 17 December 1967.
55	Soyuz 7K-L1 No.4L		USSR Lavochkin	Proton-K/D	Soyuz 7K-L1 No.4L	Flyby
Technology demonstration for planned crewed missions. Failed to reach orbit after a blocked propellant line caused one of the first-stage engines to not ignite.
56	Surveyor 6		USA NASA	Atlas SLV-3C Centaur-D	Surveyor 6	Lander
Landed in Sinus Medii at 01:01:04 UTC on 10 November. Made brief flight from lunar surface at 10:32 UTC on 17 November, followed by second landing after travelling 2.4 m. Last contact at 19:14 UTC on 14 December.
57	Soyuz 7K-L1 No.5L		USSR Lavochkin	Proton-K/D	Soyuz 7K-L1 No.5L	Flyby
Technology demonstration for planned crewed missions; unable to achieve orbit after second-stage engine failed to ignite.
58	Surveyor 7		USA NASA	Atlas SLV-3C Centaur-D	Surveyor 7	Lander
Final Surveyor mission. Landed 29 km from Tycho crater at 01:05:36 UTC on 10 January. Operated until 21 February 1968.
59	Luna E-6LS No.112		USSR Lavochkin	Molniya-M	Luna E-6LS No.112	Orbiter
Failed to orbit after third stage ran out of fuel.
60	Luna 14		USSR Lavochkin	Molniya-M	Luna 14	Orbiter
Tested communications for proposed crewed missions and studied the mass concentration of the Moon. Entered orbit on 10 April at 19:25 UTC.
61	Soyuz 7K-L1 No.7L		USSR Lavochkin	Proton-K/D	Soyuz 7K-L1 No.7L	Flyby
Technology demonstration for planned crewed missions. Failed to orbit after second-stage engine incorrectly commanded to shut down. Spacecraft was recovered using its prototype launch escape system.
62	Zond 5		USSR Lavochkin	Proton-K/D	Zond 5	Flyby
Two tortoises and other life forms on board a technology demonstration for planned crewed missions. Made a closest approach of 1950 km on 18 September, and circled the Moon before returning to Earth. Landed in the Indian Ocean on 21 September at 16:08 UTC, becoming the first Lunar spacecraft to be recovered successfully and carried the first Earth life to travel to and around the Moon.
63	Zond 6		USSR Lavochkin	Proton-K/D	Zond 6	Flyby
Technology demonstration for planned crewed missions. Carrying turtles, making this the second mission of Earthlings to travel in close proximity of the Moon, the flyby was on 14 November with a closest approach of 2420 km. Reentered Earth's atmosphere on 17 November; recovery was unsuccessful after parachutes were prematurely jettisoned.
64	Apollo 8		USA NASA	Saturn V	Apollo 8	Crewed orbiter
First crewed mission to the Moon; entered orbit around the Moon with four-minute burn beginning at 09:59:52 UTC on 24 December. Completed ten orbits of the Moon and presented a reading from the Book of Genesis before returning to Earth with an engine burn at 06:10:16 UTC on 25 December. Landed in the Pacific Ocean at 15:51 UTC on 27 December.
65	Soyuz 7K-L1 No.13L		USSR Lavochkin	Proton-K/D	Soyuz 7K-L1 No.13L	Flyby
Technology demonstration for planned crewed missions. Failed to orbit after one of the four second-stage engines shut down prematurely. Third-stage engine also shut down prematurely. The spacecraft was recovered using its launch escape system.
66	Luna E-8 No.201		USSR Lavochkin	Proton-K/D	Luna E-8 No.201	Lander
Lunokhod	Rover
First launch of the Lunokhod rover. Launch vehicle disintegrated 51 seconds after launch and exploded.
67	Soyuz 7K-L1S No.3		USSR OKB-1	N1	Soyuz 7K-L1S No.3	Orbiter
First launch of N1 rocket; intended to orbit the Moon and return to Earth. First stage prematurely shut down 70 seconds after launch; launch vehicle crashed 50 km from launch site. Spacecraft landed some 35 km from the launch pad after successfully using its launch escape system.
68	Apollo 10		USA NASA	Saturn V	Apollo 10	Orbiter
Lunar Module Snoopy	Orbiter
Dress rehearsal for Apollo 11. Lunar Module with two astronauts on board descended to a distance of 14.326 km above the lunar surface.
69	Luna E-8-5 No.402		USSR Lavochkin	Proton-K/D	Luna E-8-5 No.402	Lander
Luna E-8-5 No.402 return craft	Sample Return
Intended to land on the Moon and return lunar soil sample. Did not reach Earth orbit after fourth stage failed to ignite.
70	Soyuz 7K-L1S No.5		USSR OKB-1	N1	Soyuz 7K-L1S No.5	Orbiter
Intended to orbit the Moon and return to Earth. All first-stage engines shut down 10 seconds after launch; launch vehicle crashed and exploded on the launch pad. Spacecraft landed safely 2 km from the launch site after using launch escape sequence.
71	Luna 15		USSR Lavochkin	Proton-K/D	Luna 15	Lander
Luna 15 return craft	Sample Return
Reached lunar orbit at 10:00 UTC on 17 July. Descent retro-rocket burn started at 15:47 UTC on 21 July. Contact lost three minutes after de-orbit burn; probably crashed on the Moon.
72	Apollo 11		USA NASA	Saturn V	Apollo 11	Orbiter
Lunar Module Eagle	Lander/Launch Vehicle
First crewed landing on the Moon. The Lunar Module Eagle landed at 20:17 UTC on 20 July 1969.
73	Zond 7		USSR Lavochkin	Proton-K/D	Zond 7	Flyby
Technology demonstration for planned crewed missions. Carried four turtles in a lunar flyby on 10 August, with a closest approach of 1200 km; returned to Earth and landed in Kazakhstan at 18:13 UTC on 14 August.
74	Kosmos 300		USSR Lavochkin	Proton-K/D	Kosmos 300	Lander
Kosmos 300 return craft	Sample return
Third attempt at lunar sample return. After reaching low Earth orbit, the fourth-stage engine failed to fire for trans-lunar injection due to oxidizer leak. Spacecraft re-entered Earth's atmosphere about 4 days after launch.
75	Kosmos 305		USSR Lavochkin	Proton-K/D	Kosmos 305	Lander
Kosmos 305 return craft	Sample Return
Fourth attempt at lunar sample return. After reaching low Earth orbit, the fourth-stage engine failed to fire for trans-lunar injection due to control system malfunction. Spacecraft re-entered Earth's atmosphere within one orbit after launch.
76	Apollo 12		USA NASA	Saturn V	Apollo 12	Orbiter
Lunar Module Intrepid	Lander/Launch Vehicle
Second crewed lunar landing.
77	Luna E-8-5 No.405		USSR Lavochkin	Proton-K/D	Luna E-8-5 No.405	Lander
Luna E-8-5 No.405 return craft	Sample return
Failed to orbit
78	Apollo 13		USA NASA	Saturn V	Apollo 13	Orbiter
Lunar Module Aquarius	Lander/Launch Vehicle
Rescue mission
Lunar landing aborted following Service Module oxygen tank explosion en route to the Moon; flew past the Moon (free-return trajectory) and returned the crew safely to Earth.
79	Luna 16		USSR Lavochkin	Proton-K/D	Luna 16	Lander
Luna 16 return craft	Sample return
First robotic sampling mission.
80	Zond 8		USSR Lavochkin	Proton-K/D	Zond 8	Flyby
Technology demonstration for planned crewed missions; returned to Earth successfully.
81	Luna 17		USSR Lavochkin	Proton-K/D	Luna 17	Lander
Lunokhod 1	Rover
Luna 17 deployed Lunokhod 1.
82	Apollo 14		USA NASA	Saturn V	Apollo 14	Orbiter
Lunar Module Antares	Lander/Launch Vehicle
Third crewed lunar landing.
83	Apollo 15		USA NASA	Saturn V	Apollo 15	Orbiter
Lunar Module Falcon	Lander/Launch Vehicle
Lunar Roving Vehicle	Rover
Fourth crewed lunar landing, and first to use the Lunar Roving Vehicle.
84	PFS-1		USA NASA	Saturn V	PFS-1	Orbiter
PFS-1 was deployed from Apollo 15.
85	Luna 18		USSR Lavochkin	Proton-K/D	Luna 18	Lander
Luna 18 return craft	Sample return
Failed during descent to lunar surface.
86	Luna 19		USSR Lavochkin	Proton-K/D	Luna 19	Orbiter
Entered an orbit around the Moon on 2 October 1971 after two midcourse corrections on 29 September and 1 October.
87	Luna 20		USSR Lavochkin	Proton-K/D	Luna 20	Lander
Luna 20 return craft	Sample return
Luna 20 soft landed on the Moon in a mountainous area known as the Terra Apollonius (or Apollonius highlands) near Mare Fecunditatis (Sea of Fertility), 120 km from where Luna 16 had landed.
88	Apollo 16		USA NASA	Saturn V	Apollo 16	Orbiter
Lunar Module Orion	Lander/Launch Vehicle
Lunar Roving Vehicle	Rover
5th crewed lunar landing.
89	PFS-2		USA NASA	Saturn V	PFS-2	Orbiter
PFS-2 deployed from Apollo 16.
90	Soyuz 7K-LOK No.1		USSR OKB-1	N1	Soyuz 7K-LOK No.1	Orbiter
Failed to orbit; intended to orbit the Moon and return to Earth.
91	Apollo 17		USA NASA	Saturn V	Apollo 17	Orbiter
Lunar Module Challenger	Lander/Launch Vehicle
Lunar Roving Vehicle	Rover
Sixth and last crewed lunar landing and last use of the Lunar Roving Vehicle; the orbiting command module included five mice.
92	Luna 21		USSR Lavochkin	Proton-K/D	Luna 21	Lander
Lunokhod 2	Rover
Deployed Lunokhod 2.
93	Explorer 49		USA NASA	Delta 1913	Explorer 49	Orbiter
Radio astronomy spacecraft, operated in selenocentric orbit to avoid interference from terrestrial radio sources.
94	Mariner 10		USA NASA	Atlas SLV-3D Centaur-D1A	Mariner 10	Flyby
Interplanetary spacecraft, mapped lunar north pole to test cameras.
95	Luna 22		USSR Lavochkin	Proton-K/D	Luna 22	Orbiter
Inserted into a circular lunar orbit on 2 June 1974
96	Luna 23		USSR Lavochkin	Proton-K/D	Luna 23	Lander
Luna 23 return craft	Sample Return
Tipped over upon landing, precluding any sample return attempt. Functioned for three days on surface.
97	Luna E-8-5M No.412		USSR Lavochkin	Proton-K/D	Luna E-8-5M No.412	Lander
Luna E-8-5M No.412 return craft	Sample Return
Failed to orbit.
98	Luna 24		USSR Lavochkin	Proton-K/D	Luna 24	Lander
Luna 24 return craft	Sample Return
Entered orbit on 11 August 1976 and landed in Mare Crisium at 16:36 UTC on 18 August. Sample capsule launched at 05:25 UTC on 19 August and recovered hours later. Returned 170.1 g of lunar regolith. Final mission to the Moon from the Soviet Union.
99	ISEE-3		USA NASA	Delta 2914	ISEE-3	Flyby
Five flybys in 1982 and 1983 en route to comet [21P/Giacobini–Zinner](21p-giacobini-zinner).
100	Hiten		Japan ISAS	Mu-3S-II	Hiten	Orbiter
Hagoromo	Orbiter
Designed for flyby, placed into selenocentric orbit during extended mission after failure of Hagoromo. Deorbited and impacted in USGS quadrangle LQ27 on 10 April 1993. Hagoromo was deployed from Hiten. The impact made Japan the 3rd country to impact the surface of the Moon.
101	Geotail		Japan USA ISAS/NASA	Delta II 6925	Geotail	Flyby
Series of flybys to regulate high Earth orbit.
102	WIND		USA NASA	Delta II 7925-10	WIND	Flyby
Made two flybys on 1 December 1994 and 27 December 1994 to reach the Earth–Sun L1 Lagrangian point.
103	Clementine		USA USAF/NASA	Titan II (23)G Star-37FM	Clementine	Orbiter
Completed Lunar objectives successfully; failed following departure from selenocentric orbit.
104	HGS-1		USA Hughes	Proton-K/DM3	HGS-1	Flyby
Communications satellite; made two flybys in May and June 1998 en route to geosynchronous orbit after delivery into wrong orbit.
105	Lunar Prospector		USA NASA	Athena II	Lunar Prospector	Orbiter
The mission ended on July 31, 1999
106	Nozomi		Japan ISAS	M-V	Nozomi	Flyby
Two flybys en route to Mars.

21st century

;Legend ⚀ Cubesat or similar

Mission	Launch date	Operator	Carrier rocket	Spacecraft	Mission type	Outcome
107	WMAP		USA NASA	Delta II 7425-10	WMAP	Flyby
Flyby on 30 July 2001 to reach the Earth–Sun L2 Lagrangian point.
108	SMART-1		[[File:European_Space_Agency_logo.svg	23px]] ESA	Ariane 5G	SMART-1	Orbiter
Impacted Moon in USGS quadrangle LQ26 at end of mission on 3 September 2006. The impact made the ESA member states collectively the 4th to impact the surface of the Moon.
109	STEREO		USA NASA	Delta II 7925-10L	STEREO A	Flyby
STEREO B	Flyby
Both component spacecraft entered heliocentric orbit on 15 December 2006.
110	ARTEMIS		USA NASA	Delta II 7925	ARTEMIS P1	Orbiter
ARTEMIS P2	Orbiter
Two THEMIS spacecraft moved to selenocentric orbit for extended mission; entered orbit July 2011.
111	SELENE		Japan JAXA	H-IIA 2022	Kaguya	Orbiter
Okina	Orbiter
Ouna	Orbiter
Deployed Okina and Ouna satellites. Kaguya and Okina impacted the Moon at end of mission. Ouna completed operations on 29 June 2009 but remains in selenocentric orbit.
112	Chang'e 1		China CNSA	Long March 3A	Chang'e 1	Orbiter
Impacted Moon in USGS quadrangle LQ21 on 1 March 2009, at end of mission. The impact made China the 4th country to impact the surface of the Moon.
113	Chandrayaan-1	22 October 2008	India ISRO	PSLV-XL C11	Chandrayaan-1	Orbiter
Moon Impact Probe	Impactor
Succeeded through mission. Orbit lasted 312 days, short of intended 2 years; However mission achieved most of its intended objectives. Terminated in 2009, remains in selenocentric orbit; discovered water ice on the Moon. Moon Impact Probe was deployed from the orbiter. It successfully impacted Moon's Shackleton Crater in the USGS quadrangle LQ30 at 20:31 on 14 November 2008 releasing underground debris that could be analyzed by the orbiter for presence of water/ice. With this mission, India became the 5th nation to impact the lunar surface and 6th as an agency.
114	LRO & LCROSS		USA NASA	Atlas V 401	Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter	Orbiter
LCROSS	Impactor
LCROSS observed impact of Centaur upper stage that launched it and LRO, then impacted itself. Impacts in USGS quadrangle LQ30. LRO entered orbit on June 23, 2009.
115	Chang'e 2		China CNSA	Long March 3C	Chang'e 2	Orbiter
Following completion of six month Lunar mission, departed selenocentric orbit for Earth–Sun L2 Lagrangian point and subsequently flew by asteroid [4179 Toutatis](4179-toutatis) for a close encounter with the asteroid at a distance of 3.2 kilometers and a relative velocity of 10.73 km/s.
116	GRAIL		USA NASA	Delta II 7920H	Ebb (GRAIL-A)	Orbiter
Flow (GRAIL-B)	Orbiter
Impacted the Moon in USGS quadrangle LQ01 on 17 December 2012 at end of mission.
117	LADEE		USA NASA	Minotaur V	LADEE	Orbiter
Mission ended on 18 April 2014, when the spacecraft's controllers intentionally crashed LADEE into the far side of the Moon.
118	Chang'e 3		China CNSA	Long March 3B	Chang'e 3	Lander
Yutu	Rover
Entered orbit on 6 December 2013 with landing at 13:12 UTC on 14 December. Yutu rover was deployed from Chang'e 3. With its soft landing, China became the third country to successfully land on the lunar surface.
119	Chang'e 5-T1		China CNSA	Long March 3C	Chang'e 5-T1	Orbiter
Chang'e 5-T1 Return Capsule	Orbiter
Luxembourg LuxSpace	Manfred Memorial Moon Mission	Flyby / Impactor (post mission)
Demonstration of re-entry capsule for Chang'e 5 sample-return mission at lunar return velocity. Orbiter may still be in lunar orbit. Manfred Memorial Moon Mission attached to third stage of CZ-3C used to launch Chang'e 5-T1. Impacted the Moon on 4 March 2022. The impact made Luxembourg the 8th country to impact the surface of the Moon.
120	TESS		USA NASA	Falcon 9 Full Thrust	TESS	Flyby
Flyby on 17 May 2018 to designated high Earth orbit.
121	Queqiao		China CNSA	Long March 4C	Queqiao relay satellite	Relay Satellite
Longjiang-1	Orbiter
Longjiang-2	Orbiter
Launched on the same rocket as Queqiao. Longjiang-1 never entered Moon orbit, while Longjiang-2 operated in lunar orbit until 31 July 2019, when it impacted the lunar surface. Queqiao entered designated Earth–Moon orbit on 14 June in preparation of Chang'e 4 far-side lunar lander in December 2018.
122	Chang'e 4		China CNSA	Long March 3B	Chang'e 4	Lander
Yutu-2	Rover
First spacecraft to soft land on the far side of the Moon (South Pole–Aitken basin). Landed 3 January 2019 and deployed the Yutu-2 rover. Cottonseeds sprouted in the lander in a biological experiment, the first plants to sprout on the Moon.
123	Beresheet		Israel SpaceIL	Falcon 9	Beresheet	Lander
First Israeli and first privately funded lunar lander mission. Technology demonstration. Instrumentation included a magnetometer and laser retroreflector. Spacecraft crashed into the lunar surface after main engine failure during descent from lunar orbit phase. The impact made Israel the 7th country to impact the surface of the Moon.
124	Chandrayaan-2		India ISRO	LVM3	Chandrayaan-2 Orbiter	Orbiter
Vikram	Lander
Pragyan	Rover
Entered orbit on 20 August 2019. Lander separated from orbiter but crashed during a landing attempt on 6 September 2019, attributed to a software glitch. Both lander and rover were lost. Orbiter remained operational.
125	Chang'e 5	23 November 2020	China CNSA	Long March 5	Chang'e 5 Orbiter	Orbiter
Chang'e 5 Lander	Lander
Chang'e 5 Ascender	Launch Vehicle
Chang'e 5 Returner	Sample Return
First lunar sample return mission from China, which returned 1.731 kg (61.1 oz) of lunar samples on 16 December 2020. The orbiter received a mission extension and is currently in a distant retrograde orbit (DRO) of the Moon.
126	CAPSTONE	last=Figliozzi	first=Gianine	date=8 June 2022	title=CAPSTONE Mission Launch No Longer Targeting June 13	url=https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/06/08/capstone-mission-launch-no-longer-targeting-june-13/	access-date=9 June 2022	work=NASA	archive-date=9 June 2022	archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220609011628/https://blogs.nasa.gov/artemis/2022/06/08/capstone-mission-launch-no-longer-targeting-june-13/	url-status=live }}	US NASA	Electron	⚀ CAPSTONE	Orbiter
Lunar orbiting CubeSat that will test and verify the calculated orbital stability planned for the Gateway space station.
127	Danuri	4 August 2022	South Korea KARI	Falcon 9	Danuri	url=https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-funds-cubesat-pathfinder-mission-to-unique-lunar-orbit	title=NASA Funds CubeSat Pathfinder Mission to Unique Lunar Orbit	work=NASA	date=13 September 2019	access-date=12 October 2021	archive-date=10 November 2021	archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211110075648/https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-funds-cubesat-pathfinder-mission-to-unique-lunar-orbit/	url-status=live }}
Lunar Orbiter by the Korea Aerospace Research Institute (KARI) of South Korea. The orbiter, its science payload and ground control infrastructure are technology demonstrators. The orbiter will also be tasked with surveying lunar resources such as water ice, uranium, helium-3, silicon, and aluminium, and produce a topographic map to help select future lunar landing sites.
128	Artemis I	16 November 2022	USA NASA	SLS Block 1	Artemis I Orion MPCV CM-002	Orbiter
⚀ LunaH-Map	Orbiter
⚀ Lunar IceCube	Orbiter
⚀ CubeSat for Solar Particles	Flyby
⚀ Near-Earth Asteroid Scout	Flyby
⚀ BioSentinel	Flyby
Japan JAXA	⚀ OMOTENASHI	Lander
Italy ASI	⚀ ArgoMoon	Flybys
Japan JAXA	⚀ EQUULEUS	Flybys
USA Lockheed Martin	⚀ LunIR	Flyby
USA Fluid & Reason	⚀ Team Miles	Flyby
Uncrewed test of Orion spacecraft in lunar flyby and lunar Distant retrograde orbit.
129	Hakuto-R Mission 1	11 December 2022	JPN ispace	Falcon 9 Block 5	Hakuto-R	Lander
JPN Tomy/JAXA/Dodai	SORA-Q	Rover
UAE UAESA/MBRSC	Rashid	Rover
USA NASA	⚀ Lunar Flashlight	Orbiter
Lunar lander technology demonstration. Contact lost during final stage of landing and deemed a failure. Cause of failure determined to be a software bug associated with the altitude estimation system., Emirates Lunar Mission Rashid was a small rover demonstration. The impact made the United Arab Emirates the 9th country to impact the surface of the Moon. Lunar Flashlight initially scheduled to be launched on the Artemis I mission, moved to a Falcon 9 Block 5 after not making it for the payload integration deadline. NASA announced later that it would not make its planned orbit or monthly flybys due to thruster issues.
130	Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer	14 April 2023	[[File:European_Space_Agency_logo.svg	23px]] ESA	Ariane 5 ECA	Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer	Flyby
Flew by the Moon on 19 August 2024 en route to Jupiter.
131	Chandrayaan-3	14 July 2023	India ISRO	LVM3	Chandrayaan-3
lander	Lander	Vikram lander
Rover	Pragyan rover
Launched on 14 July 2023, Orbit insertion on 5 August 2023, Lander separated from propulsion module on 17 August 2023, landed on 23 August 2023, 12:32 UTC and deployed the Pragyan rover. With its soft landing, India became the first country to successfully land near lunar south pole and fourth country to successfully land on the lunar surface. Later during extended operations, the Propulsion Module returned to Earth's orbit.
132	Luna 25	10 August 2023	RUS Roscosmos	Soyuz-2.1b/Fregat	Luna 25	Lander
Launched on 10 August 2023, Orbital insertion on 16 August 2023, failed orbital maneuver on 19 August 2023 set the spacecraft on the crash course with the Moon's surface. Loss of communication was confirmed by Roscosmos on 20 August 2023. The impact made Russia the 10th country to impact the lunar surface.
133	SLIM	6 September 2023	JPN JAXA	H-IIA	SLIM	Lander
LEV-1	Hopper
JPN Tomy / JAXA / Doshisha University	LEV-2 (Sora-Q)	Rover
Launched alongside XRISM as a co-passenger on 7 September 2023. Performed lunar swing-by, followed by lunar orbital insertion on 25 December 2023. SLIM landed intact and within 100 m of its target on 19 January 2024, 15:20 UTC, which met JAXA's criteria for a successful landing. However, it had landed with incorrect attitude to orient solar panels towards the Sun, which led to temporary power loss until the Sun was in the right position. LEV-1 and LEV-2 were successfully deployed and landed separately from SLIM shortly before its own landing. LEV-1 conducted six hops on lunar surface. With its soft landing, Japan became the fifth country to successfully land on the lunar surface.
134	Peregrine Mission One	8 January 2024	USA Astrobotic Technology	Vulcan Centaur VC2	Peregrine	Lander
Mexico UNAM	Colmena × 5	Rovers
USA CMU	⚀ Iris	Rover
Part of CLPS. Peregrine lander's reaction thrusters' leak deemed the spacecraft uncontrollable for landing and it decayed in the Earth's atmosphere 10 days later.
135	IM-1	14 February 2024	USA Intuitive Machines	Falcon 9 B5	Nova-C Odysseus	Lander
USA ERAU	⚀ EagleCam	Deployable camera
First Nova-C mission. First private spacecraft to soft land on the Moon. Payloads successfully delivered for NASA CLPS and for private customers. Though it landed successfully, one of the lander's legs broke upon landing and it tilted up on other side, 18° due to landing on a slope, but the lander survived and payloads are functioning as expected. EagleCam was not ejected prior to landing. It was later ejected on 28 February but minimal data was obtained.
136	DRO A/B	13 March 2024	China CAS	Long March 2C	DRO-A	Relay Satellite
DRO-B	Relay Satellite
Yuanzheng 1S upper stage failed to deliver spacecrafts into correct orbit. The satellites were intended to test Distant retrograde orbit. Tracking data appears to show China is attempting to salvage spacecraft and they appear to have succeeded in reaching their desired orbit.
137	Queqiao-2	20 March 2024	China CNSA	Long March 8	Queqiao-2	Relay Satellite
China Deep Space Exploration Laboratory (DSEL, Tiandu Lab)	Tiandu-1	Orbiter
Tiandu-2	Orbiter
Relay satellite to support future missions of the Chinese Lunar Exploration Program targeting south pole region. Tiandu satellites are launched with them to test communications for future lunar satellite constellation technologies.
138	Chang'e 6	3 May 2024	China CNSA	Long March 5	Chang'e 6 Orbiter	Orbiter
Chang'e 6 Lander	Lander
Chang'e 6 Ascender	Launch Vehicle
Chang'e 6 Returner	Sample Return
Jinchan	Rover
Pakistan SUPARCO	⚀ ICUBE-Q	Orbiter
First spacecraft to have collected lunar samples from the far side of the Moon (Apollo crater, South Pole–Aitken basin). ICUBE-Q is Pakistan's first lunar mission. Lander carries international payloads from ESA, France, Italy, and Sweden. It also carried a mini rover to conduct infrared spectroscopy of lunar surface. The orbiter went to Sun Earth L2 under mission extension.
139	Blue Ghost M1	15 January 2025	USA Firefly Aerospace	Falcon 9 B5	Blue Ghost Lander	Lander
Lunar lander, carrying NASA-sponsored experiments and commercial payloads to Mare Crisium. First fully-successful private lunar landing.
140	Hakuto-R Mission 2	15 January 2025	Japanispace	Falcon 9 B5	Hakuto-R	Lander
Luxembourgispace Europe	Tenacious	Rover
Launched on the same rocket as Blue Ghost. On 5 June 2025, the lander failed to complete its landing, impacting the lunar surface.
141	Lunar Trailblazer	27 February 2025	USA NASA	Falcon 9 B5	Lunar Trailblazer	Orbiter
Lunar orbiter aimed to aid in the understanding of lunar water and the Moon's water cycle. Flyby on 3 March 2025.
142	Brokkr-2	27 February 2025	USA AstroForge	Falcon 9 B5	Brokkr-2	Flyby
Asteroid probe intended to flyby the near-Earth asteroid [2022 OB5](2022-ob5). Communication failure. Flyby on 3 March 2025.
143	Chimera-1	27 February 2025	USA Epic Aerospace	Falcon 9 B5	Chimera-1	Flyby
Space tug planned TLI to Geosynchronous. Communication failure?. Flyby on 3 March 2025.
144	IM-2	27 February 2025	USA Intuitive Machines	Falcon 9 B5	Nova-C	Lander
μNova	Hopper
USA Lunar Outpost/Finland Nokia	MAPP	Rover
USA MIT	AstroAnt	Rover
Japan Dymon	Yaoki	Rover
Second Nova-C. Payloads delivery for NASA's CLPS and for private customers. MAPP and μNova will test a new Nokia lunar communication system. Lander achieved a soft landing on 6 March but landed on its side, precluding recharging and deployment of payloads. Mission concluded one day after landing.

Statistics

Launches by decade

This is a list of 144 missions (including failed ones) to the Moon. It includes Flybys, Impact probes, orbiters, landers, rovers and crewed missions.

Mission milestones by country

This is a list of major milestones achieved by country. Recorded is the first spacecraft from each respective country to accomplish each milestone, regardless of mission type or intended outcome. For example, Beresheet was not intended to be an impactor, but achieved that milestone incidentally. ;Legend † First to achieve

Country/	Flyby	Orbit	Impact	Soft landing	Rover	Sample return	Crewed orbiting	Crewed landing
USA United States	Pioneer 4, 1959	Lunar Orbiter 1, 1966	Ranger 4, 1962	Surveyor 1, 1966	LRV (Apollo 15), 1971	Apollo 11, 1969 †	Apollo 8, 1968 †	Apollo 11, 1969 †
USSR Soviet Union	Luna 1, 1959 †	Luna 10, 1966 †	Luna 2, 1959 †	Luna 9, 1966 †	Lunokhod 1, 1970 †	Luna 16, 1970	—	—
China China	Chang'e 5-T1, 2014	Chang'e 1, 2007	Chang'e 1, 2009	Chang'e 3, 2013	Yutu, 2013	Chang'e 5, 2020	—	—
India India	Chandrayaan 3, 2023	Chandrayaan 1, 2008	MIP, 2008	Chandrayaan 3, 2023	Pragyan, 2023	—	—	—
Japan Japan	Hiten, 1990	Hiten, 1993	Hiten, 1993	SLIM, 2024	LEV-1, 2024	—	—	—
Israel Israel	—	Beresheet, 2019	Beresheet, 2019	Beresheet, 2019	—	—	—	—
RUS Russia	—	Luna 25, 2023	Luna 25, 2023	Luna 25, 2023	—	—	—	—
[[File:European_Space_Agency_logo.svg	23px]] ESA	—	SMART-1, 2003	SMART-1, 2006	—	—	—	—	—
Luxembourg Luxembourg	4M, 2014	—	4M, 2022	—	—	—	—	—
South Korea South Korea	—	Danuri, 2022	—	—	—	—	—	—
Italy Italy	ArgoMoon, 2022	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
UAE UAE	—	—	Rashid, 2023	—	Rashid, 2023	—	—	—
PAK Pakistan	—	ICUBE-Q, 2024	—	—	—	—	—	—
MEX Mexico	—	—	—	—	Colmena, 2024	—	—	—

Missions by organization/company

Country/	Agency
or company	Successful	Partial
failure	Failure	Success rate	Operational
Total	Total for
country
USSR USSR	Lavochkin	16	2	22	40%	–	40	58
Energia	2	–	16	11.11%	–	18
USA	NASA	37	2	14	67.27%	4	55	57
USAF	1	–	1	50%	–	2
China	CNSA	10	–	–	100%	8	10	10
Japan	ISAS	2	–	2	50%	–	4	8
JAXA	2	–	1	66.6%	1	4
India	ISRO	2	1	–	66.6%	2	3	3
[[File:European_Space_Agency_logo.svg	23px]] Various member states	ESA	1	–	–	100%	–	1	1
Luxembourg	LuxSpace	1	–	–	100%	–	1	1
South Korea South Korea	KARI	1	–	–	100%	1	1	1
USA (private company)	Lockheed Martin	1	–	–	100%	–	1	1
USA (private company)	Fluid & Reason	1	–	–	100%	–	1	1
USA (private company)	Astrobotic Technology	–	–	1	0%	–	1	1
USA (private company)	Intuitive Machines	1	1	–	50%	–	2	2
USA (private university)	ERAU	–	–	1	0%	–	1	1
USA (private company)	Firefly Aerospace	1	–	–	100%	–	1	1
Italy Italy	ASI	1	–	–	100%	–	1	1
Israel	SpaceIL	–	–	1	0%	–	1	1
RUS Russia	Roscosmos	–	–	1	0%	–	1	1
UAE UAE	UAESA	–	–	1	0%	–	1	1
Japan (private company)	ispace	–	–	1	0%	–	1	1
Pakistan	IST / SUPARCO	1	–	–	100%	1	1	1

Landing sites

File:Moon Soft Landings.svg|frameless|370px|alt=Map of landing sites on the Moon| rect 220 0100 1100 0290 Luna 9 rect 220 0290 1100 0480 Surveyor 1 rect 220 0480 1100 0670 Luna 13 rect 220 0670 1100 0860 Surveyor 3 rect 220 0860 1100 1050 Surveyor 5 rect 220 1050 1100 1240 Surveyor 6 rect 220 1240 1100 1530 Surveyor 7 rect 220 1430 1100 1620 Apollo 11 rect 220 1620 1100 1810 Apollo 12 rect 220 1810 1100 2000 Luna 16 rect 220 2000 1100 2190 Luna 17 rect 220 2190 1100 2380 Apollo 14 rect 220 2380 1100 2570 Apollo 15 rect 220 2570 1100 2760 Luna 20 rect 220 2760 1100 2950 Apollo 16 rect 220 2950 1100 3140 Apollo 17 rect 220 3140 1100 3330 Luna 21 rect 220 3330 1100 3520 Luna 23 rect 220 3520 1100 3710 Luna 24

rect 3500 0100 4500 0290 Chang'e 3 rect 3500 0290 4500 0480 Chang'e 4 rect 3500 0480 4500 0670 Chang'e 5 rect 3500 0670 4500 0860 Chandrayaan 3 rect 3500 0860 4500 1050 Smart Lander for Investigating Moon rect 3500 1050 4500 1240 IM-1 rect 3500 1240 4500 1430 Chang'e 6 rect 3500 1430 4500 1620 Blue Ghost Mission 1 rect 3500 1620 4500 1810 IM-2 desc bottom-left Clickable map of the locations of all successful soft landings on the near side of the Moon to date (top)

Dates are landing dates in Coordinated Universal Time. Except for the Apollo program, all soft landings were uncrewed. Asterisk indicates a partial success.

As of March 2025, there have been a total twenty eight successful soft landings on the Moon carried out by five countries that include China, India, Japan, the Soviet Union, and the United States. Among these, a total of six soft landings were crewed (Apollo) conducted by United States. All two soft landings on the far side of the Moon were carried out by China, while soft landing near the lunar south pole was carried out by India's Chandrayaan-3 and Intuitive Machines' IM-1 Nova-C Odysseus and IM-2 Nova-C Athena lander.

Future missions

There are several future lunar missions planned or proposed by various nations and organizations.

Funded and are under development

Robotic

Mission	Spacecraft	Launch date	Carrier rocket	Operator	Mission type
Mark 1 Pathfinder Mission	Blue Moon	NET Q1 2026	New Glenn	USA Blue Origin	Lander
First mission for the Blue Moon lander platform developed by Blue Origin and will prove the viability of the platform and BE-7 engine. It has a cargo capacity of up to 3000 kg.
Blue Ghost M2	Blue Ghost lander	NET Q2 2026	Falcon 9 B5	USA Firefly Aerospace	Lander
Elytra orbital vehicle	Orbiter
Second mission of Firefly Aerospace, part of CLPS, includes 2 stage variant of blue ghost.
Lunar Pathfinder	Lunar Pathfinder	NET Q2 2026	Falcon 9 B5	[[File:European_Space_Agency_logo.svg	23px]] ESA	Relay Satellite
Lunar communications satellite to support future lunar missions, along with Blue Ghost M2.
Griffin Mission 1	Griffin lander	NET July 2026	Falcon Heavy	USA Astrobotic Technology	Lander
Chang'e 7	Chang'e 7 Orbiter	October 2026	Long March 5	China CNSA	Orbiter
Chang'e 7 Lander	Lander
Chang'e 7 Rover	Rover
Chang'e 7 Hopper	Hopper
Payloads include an orbiter, south pole lander, rover, and a mini flying probe to look for the presence of water-ice.
IM-3	Nova-C	NET late 2026	Falcon 9 B5	USA Intuitive Machines	Lander
Khon2	Relay Satellite
CADRE x3	USA NASA	Rovers
Lunar Vertex	USA NASAUSA Lunar Outpost	Rover
Third Nova-C. Payloads delivery for NASA's CLPS and for private customers. Lunar Vertex mission.
Starship Demo mission	Starship HLS	last=Smith	first=Marcia	url=https://spacepolicyonline.com/news/nasa-delays-next-artemis-missions-to-2025-and-2026/	title=NASA Delays Next Artemis Missions to 2025 and 2026	work=SpacePolicyOnline	date=9 January 2024	access-date=10 January 2024}}	Starship	USA SpaceX	Lander
Uncrewed demo mission of Starship HLS.
Artemis III Starship HLS delivery	Starship HLS	TBD	Starship	USA SpaceX	Lander
Delivery of Starship HLS for Artemis III mission.
APEX 1.0	APEX 1.0	2026	TBD	USA ispace U.S.	Lander
last=Foust	first=Jeff	date=2024-03-28	title=Japanese lunar lander company ispace raises $53.5 million in stock sale	url=https://spacenews.com/japanese-lunar-lander-company-ispace-raises-53-5-million-in-stock-sale/	access-date=2024-03-28	website=SpaceNews	language=en-US}}	USA ispace U.S.	Relay Satellite
Lunar Relay Satellite 2	Relay Satellite
Lunar lander. ispace Mission 3, and mission CP-12 of the CLPS program.
Starship cargo mission	Starship HLS	TBD	Starship	USA SpaceX	Lander
First SpaceX lunar cargo mission, yet to be announced by SpaceX itself.
FLEX	FLEX	TBD	Starship	USA Astrolab	Rover
Large Lunar rover, can accommodate cargo and 2 astronauts.
Astrobotic mission 3	TBA	2026	Falcon Heavy	USA Astrobotic	Lander
⚀ LunaGrid-Lite CubeRover	Rover
Lunaris Platform	Deployable platform
Third lunar mission by Astrobotic, will land at lunar south pole. LunaGrid-Lite mission.
ZeusX	ZeusX service module	Q4 2027	TBD	Singapore Qosmosys	Orbiter
ZeusX lunar lander	Lander
LIBER	Rover
First lunar landing attempt for Singapore, lander can carry up to 800 kg to lunar surface.
Luna 26	Luna 26	date=19 July 2023	title=Ученый сообщил об активном ходе работ по импортозамещению комплектующих "Луны-27"	trans-title=The scientist reported on the active progress of work on import substitution of Luna-27 components	url=https://tass.ru/kosmos/18307283	access-date=27 July 2023	work=TASS	language=ru}}	Soyuz-2.1b / Fregat	Russia Roscosmos	Orbiter
Orbiter, part of the Luna-Glob programme. Will scout for Luna 27 landing site.
PPE and HALO	PPE	2027	Falcon Heavy	USA NASA	Space station assembly
HALO
First two Lunar Gateway modules.
Chandrayaan-4	Chandrayaan-4	last=Jones	first=Andrew	url=https://spacenews.com/india-to-target-moons-south-pole-with-sample-return-mission/	title=India to target moon's south pole with sample return mission	work=SpaceNews	date=23 October 2024	access-date=23 October 2024}}	LVM3	India ISRO	Lander
Luna 27	Luna 27A and Luna 27B	2029–2030	Angara A5 / Fregat	Russia Roscosmos	Lander
Lander, part of Luna-Glob programme.
DESTINY+	DESTINY+	2028	H3	Japan JAXA	Flyby
Lunar flyby(unconfirmed) toward asteroid [3200 Phaethon](3200-phaethon).
Chang'e 8	Chang'e 8 Orbiter	2028	Long March 5	China CNSA	Orbiter
Chang'e 8 Lander	Lander
Chang'e 8 Rover	Rover
Chang'e 8 Robot	Hopper
South pole lander. Testing technology for using local resources and manufacturing with 3D printing.
SpaceX GLS-1	Dragon XL	2028	Falcon Heavy	USA SpaceX	Resupply vehicle
First resupply mission to Lunar Gateway.
Uncrewed Blue Moon Demo mission	Blue Moon HLS	2028	New Glenn	USA Blue Origin	Lander
Cislunar Transporter	2028	New Glenn	USA Lockheed Martin	Transfer vehicle
Demo mission of Blue Moon lander system in preparation for crewed landing in 2029.
Artemis IV Starship HLS delivery	Starship HLS	2028	Starship	USA SpaceX	Lander
Delivery of Starship HLS for Artemis IV mission.
Lunar Polar Exploration Mission (LUPEX)	LUPEX lander	2028–2029	H3	India ISRO	Lander
LUPEX rover	Japan JAXA	Rover
Artemis V Blue Moon HLS delivery	Blue Moon HLS	2029	New Glenn	USA Blue Origin	Lander
Cislunar Transporter	2029	New Glenn	USA Lockheed Martin	Transfer vehicle
Delivery of Blue Moon HLS for Artemis V mission.
Canadian lunar rover mission	Canadensys Lunar Rover	last=Bamford	first=Craig	date=2025-09-02	title=Firefly to Carry Canada's first lunar rover in 2029	url=https://spaceq.ca/firefly-to-launch-canadas-first-lunar-rover-in-2029/	access-date=2025-10-26	website=SpaceQ Media Inc.	language=en-US}}	TBD	Canada Canadensys	Rover
First Canadian lunar rover. Will fly as part of NASA's Commercial Lunar Payload Services initiative with Blue Ghost 4.
TBD (CLPS Lander)	Moon to Mars Initiative: Trailblazer (Roo-ver)	2029–2030	TBD	Australia Australian Space Agency	Rover
Argonaut M1	Argonaut Lander	2031	Ariane 64	[[File:European_Space_Agency_logo.svg	23px]] ESA	Lander
Robotic Lander system. Will act as resupply vehicle for future Moonbase.
KLEP	KLLR Lander	NET NET 2032	KSLV-III	KOR KARI	Lander
KLLR Rover	Rover
Second mission of the Korean Lunar Exploration Program.
Lunar Voyage 3	Mapp	TBA	TBA	USA Lunar Outpost	Rover
First fully commercial mission of Lunar Outpost MAPP program.

Crewed

Agency or company	Name	Spacecraft	Launch date	Launch vehicle	Notes
USA NASA	Artemis II	Orion	last=Foust	first=Jeff	url=https://spacenews.com/nasa-further-delays-next-artemis-missions/	title=NASA further delays next Artemis missions	work=spacenews.com	date=5 December 2024	access-date=6 December 2024}}	SLS Block 1	Crewed test of the Orion spacecraft on a free-return trajectory around the Moon.
USA NASA	Artemis III	Orion, Starship HLS	mid-2027	SLS Block 1	Deliver the "first woman and next man" to the Moon.
USA NASA	Artemis IV	Orion, Starship HLS	September 2028	SLS Block 1B	First flight of Block 1B configuration. Deliver Lunar I-Hab and conduct second Artemis crewed lunar landing.
USA NASA	Artemis V	Orion, Blue Moon HLS	url=https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/fy-2025-budget-request-summary-updated.pdf	title=FY 2025 Budget Request FY 2025 President's Budget Request Moon to Mars Manifest	page=6	work=NASA	date=15 April 2024	access-date=27 July 2024}}	SLS Block 1B	Crewed Gateway and Surface expedition. Delivery of ESPRIT and Lunar Terrain Vehicle.
China CNSA	Chinese crewed lunar mission	Mengzhou,
Lanyue	last=Jones	first=Andrew	url=https://spacenews.com/china-on-track-for-crewed-moon-landing-by-2030-space-official-says/	title=China on track for crewed moon landing by 2030, space official says	work=SpaceNews	date=24 April 2024	access-date=27 July 2024}}	Long March 10	Two launches of LM-10 to put a pair of astronauts on the Moon for a 6-hour stay.
USA NASA	Artemis VI	Orion, TBD	url=https://spacenews.com/nasa-planning-to-spend-up-to-1-billion-on-space-station-deorbit-module/	title=NASA planning to spend up to $1 billion on space station deorbit module	first=Jeff	last=Foust	date=13 March 2023}}	SLS Block 1B	Lunar landing with delivery of Crew and Science Airlock module.

Proposed but full funding still unclear

Robotic and crewed

The following missions have been proposed but their full funding is unclear:

Agency or company	Mission	Name of spacecraft	Proposed launch	Notes
Canada GEC	⚀ Doge-1	TBA	12U CubeSat, the mission is being paid for entirely with the cryptocurrency Dogecoin. First Canadian lunar mission.
Israel SpaceIL	Beresheet 2	Orbiter	2025	One orbiter, two landers.
Lander 1
Lander 2
Brazil Airvantis	Garatéa-L	2025	Proposed lunar CubeSat, Partnership between UKSA and ESA.
Germany OHB	LSAS lander	2025	proposed commercial lander, will rideshare with a Geostationary satellite.
USA Parsec	Parsec lunar satellites	2025	Parsec lunar communication constellation.
Turkey Turkish Space Agency	AYAP-1	2026	Turkey will perform a hard landing on the Moon.
[[File:European_Space_Agency_logo.svg	23px]] ESA	Lunar Meteoroid Impact Observer	2026	Proposed CubeSat to observe asteroid impacts on Far side of Moon.
Australia Australian Space Agency	Lunar Trailblazer	2026	Under study for possible rover mission
Holland Delft University of Technology	Lunar zebro	2026	Small swarming rover, radiation measurements
Turkey Turkish Space Agency	AYAP-2	Lander	2028	Soft landing mission
Rover
Russia Roscosmos	Luna 28	author=Katya Pavlushchnko	user=katlinegrey	number=1689922853607550976	title=Yuri Borisov: Roscosmos plans to launch #Luna26 in 2027, Luna-27 – in 2028, and Luna-28 – in 2030 or later. After that, the next goal will be a crewed mission to the Moon.	date=11 August 2023}}	Proposed sample-return mission, part of Luna-Glob program, may include a small rover.
Russia Roscosmos	Luna 29	Luna 29 Lander	2030s	Proposed sample-return mission, part of Luna-Glob program, Will include Luna-Grunt rover.
Luna-Grunt rover
Russia Roscosmos	Zeus	2030	Nuclear Propelled Space Tug, might deliver payloads to the moon
China CNSA	International Lunar Research Station
(ILRS 1–5)	2031–2035	5 crucial missions planned for comprehensive establishment of ILRS to complete the in-orbit and surface facilities
India ISRO	Indian Lunar Crewed Mission	last=Kuthunur	first=Sharmila	date=18 October 2023	title=India wants to land astronauts on moon in 2040	url=https://www.space.com/india-land-astronaut-moon-2040	url-status=live	archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240223092227/https://www.space.com/india-land-astronaut-moon-2040	archive-date=23 February 2024	access-date=15 December 2023	work=Space.com }}	National effort to send an Indian astronaut to the moon using India's own rocket and technology
USA NASA	BOLAS	TBD	2 tethered CubeSats on a very low lunar orbit.
Canada Magellan Aerospace	Autonomous Impactor for Lunar Exploration	TBD	Impactor for LEAP
USA NASA	Lunar Crater Radio Telescope	TBD	Radio telescope made by 4 rovers
USA LiftPort Group	Lunar space elevator	TBD	Creating a reusable, replaceable and expandable Lunar elevator to open up the resources present on the Moon
Czechia ESC Aerospace	LVICE²	TBD	Measuring the concentration of micrometeorites

Lunar rovers

Unrealized concepts

1960s

Soviet crewed lunar programs – The Soviet Union had been pursuing a crewed lunar flyby mission using Soyuz 7K-L1 launched aboard Proton-K and a crewed landing mission using Soyuz 7K-LOK and LK Lander launched aboard N1 rocket. After a series of N1 failures, both of these programs were cancelled in 1970 and 1976 respectively.

1970s

Canceled Apollo missions – The Apollo program had three more missions lined up until Apollo 20, but the missions beyond Apollo 17, the sixth and final landing mission, were canceled due to budget constraints, change in technical direction and hardware delays. The ambitions shifted towards developing next generation rockets like Space Shuttle, the space station Skylab and in exploration programs such as Grand Tour program.

2000s

Constellation Program – The Constellation program ran from 2004 to 2010 and would have utilised the Ares I and Ares V rockets alongside the Orion spacecraft and Altair lunar lander to return astronauts to the Moon by 2020 in preparation for crewed missions to Mars. It was cancelled in October 2010 by the Augustine Committee. However, the Orion was spared and finally launched in November 2022 with Constellation and its rockets revised as the Artemis Program and Space Launch System.

2010s

Resource Prospector – Concept by NASA of a rover that would have performed a survey expedition on a polar region of the Moon. It was canceled in April 2018.
Indo-Russian joint mission – A joint mission between India and Russia for a robotic lander and rover was under development since 2007. Russia was supposed to develop the lander while India would develop an orbiter, a rover and launch the composite. However, with failure of Fobos-Grunt mission, Russia was unable to provide the lander in time and requested India to accept the delay and risk. The collaboration ended with India repurposing its orbiter towards Mars with its Mars Orbiter Mission in 2013. India would later go on to develop and launch its Chandrayaan-2 and Chandrayaan-3 mission, using an indigenously developed lander.

2020s

DearMoon was an unrealized tourist mission financed by Japanese entrepreneur Yusaku Maezawa. Maezawa and six to eight other civilians would have performed a lunar flyby in a SpaceX Starship. It was cancelled on June 1, 2024.

Notes

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