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List of mammals of Russia

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This is a list of the mammal species recorded in Russia. There are 266 mammal species in Russia, of which five are critically endangered, thirteen are endangered, twenty-six are vulnerable, and six are near threatened. One of the species listed for Russia is extinct and one can no longer be found in the wild. All the mammals of Russia are in the subclass Theria and infraclass Eutheria, being all placental.

The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature:

DD	Data deficient	There is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species.

Order: [[Rodent]]ia (rodents)

Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to 45 kg.

Suborder: Hystricognathi
- Family: Hystricidae (Old World porcupines)
  - Genus: Hystrix
    - Indian crested porcupine, H. indica
Suborder: Sciurognathi
- Family: Castoridae (beavers)
  - Genus: Castor
    - North American beaver, C. canadensis introduced
    - Eurasian beaver, C. fiber
- Family: Sciuridae (squirrels)
  - Subfamily: Sciurinae
    - Tribe: Sciurini
      - Genus: Sciurus
        
        Red squirrel, S. vulgaris
    - Tribe: Pteromyini
      - Genus: Pteromys
        
        Siberian flying squirrel, P. volans
  - Subfamily: Xerinae
    - Tribe: Marmotini
      - Genus: Marmota
        
        Gray marmot, M. baibacina
        
        Bobak marmot, Marmota bobak
        
        Black-capped marmot, Marmota camtschatica
        
        Forest-steppe marmot, Marmota kastschenkoi
        
        Tarbagan marmot, Marmota sibirica
      - Genus: Spermophilus
        
        Daurian ground squirrel, Spermophilus dauricus
        
        Red-cheeked ground squirrel, Spermophilus erythrogenys
        
        Russet ground squirrel, Spermophilus major
        
        Little ground squirrel, Spermophilus pygmaeus
        
        Speckled ground squirrel, Spermophilus suslicus
        
        Long-tailed ground squirrel, Spermophilus undulatus
      - Genus: Eutamias
        
        Siberian chipmunk, E. sibiricus
- Family: Gliridae (dormice)
  - Subfamily: Leithiinae
    - Genus: Dryomys
      - Forest dormouse, Dryomys nitedula
    - Genus: Muscardinus
      - Hazel dormouse, Muscardinus avellanarius
  - Subfamily: Glirinae
    - Genus: Glis
      - European edible dormouse, Glis glis
- Family: Dipodidae (jerboas)
  - Subfamily: Allactaginae
    - Genus: Allactaga
      - Small five-toed jerboa, Allactaga elater
      - Great jerboa, Allactaga major
    - Genus: Pygeretmus
      - Dwarf fat-tailed jerboa, Pygeretmus pumilio
  - Subfamily: Cardiocraniinae
    - Genus: Salpingotus
      - Heptner's pygmy jerboa, Salpingotus heptneri
  - Subfamily: Dipodinae
    - Genus: Dipus
      - Northern three-toed jerboa, Dipus sagitta
    - Genus: Stylodipus
      - Thick-tailed three-toed jerboa, Stylodipus telum
  - Subfamily: Sicistinae
    - Genus: Sicista
      - Northern birch mouse, Sicista betulina
      - Caucasian birch mouse, Sicista caucasica
      - Long-tailed birch mouse, Sicista caudata
      - Kazbeg birch mouse, Sicista kazbegica
      - Kluchor birch mouse, Sicista kluchorica
      - Altai birch mouse, Sicista napaea
      - Severtzov's birch mouse, Sicista severtzovi
      - Strand's birch mouse, Sicista strandi
      - Southern birch mouse, Sicista subtilis
- Family: Spalacidae
  - Subfamily: Myospalacinae
    - Genus: Myospalax
      - False zokor, Myospalax aspalax
      - Siberian zokor, Myospalax myospalax
      - Transbaikal zokor, Myospalax psilurus
  - Subfamily: Spalacinae
    - Genus: Spalax
      - Russian mole rat, Spalax giganteus
      - Greater mole rat, Spalax microphthalmus
- Family: Cricetidae
  - Subfamily: Cricetinae
    - Genus: Cricetus
      - European hamster, C. cricetus
    - Genus: Cricetulus
      - Chinese striped hamster, Cricetulus barabensis
      - Long-tailed dwarf hamster, Cricetulus longicaudatus
      - Grey dwarf hamster, Cricetulus migratorius
    - Genus: Mesocricetus
      - Ciscaucasian hamster, Mesocricetus raddei
    - Genus: Phodopus
      - Campbell's dwarf hamster, Phodopus campbelli
      - Roborovski hamster, Phodopus roborovskii
      - Winter white Russian dwarf hamster, Phodopus sungorus
    - Genus: Tscherskia
      - Greater long-tailed hamster, Tscherskia triton
  - Subfamily: Arvicolinae
    - Genus: Alticola
      - Gobi Altai mountain vole, Alticola barakshin
      - Lemming vole, Alticola lemminus
      - Large-eared vole, Alticola macrotis
      - Flat-headed vole, Alticola strelzowi
      - Tuva silver vole, Alticola tuvinicus
    - Genus: Arvicola
      - European water vole, A. amphibius
    - Genus: Chionomys
      - Caucasian snow vole, Chionomys gud
      - Robert's snow vole, Chionomys roberti
    - Genus: Clethrionomys
      - Bank vole, Clethrionomys glareolus
      - Grey red-backed vole, Clethrionomys rufocanus
      - Northern red-backed vole, Clethrionomys rutilus
      - Shikotan vole, Clethrionomys sikotanensis
    - Genus: Dicrostonyx
      - Arctic lemming, Dicrostonyx torquatus
      - Wrangel lemming, Dicrostonyx vinogradovi
    - Genus: Lagurus
      - Steppe lemming, Lagurus lagurus
    - Genus: Lasiopodomys
      - Brandt's vole, Lasiopodomys brandtii
    - Genus: Lemmus
      - Amur lemming, Lemmus amurensis
      - Norway lemming, Lemmus lemmus
      - Brown lemming, Lemmus sibiricus
    - Genus: Microtus
      - Field vole, Microtus agrestis
      - Common vole, Microtus arvalis
      - Daghestan pine vole, Microtus daghestanicus
      - Evorsk vole, Microtus evoronensis
      - Reed vole, Microtus fortis
      - Narrow-headed vole, Microtus gregalis
      - North Siberian vole, Microtus hyperboreus
      - Maximowicz's vole, Microtus maximowiczii
      - Middendorf's vole, Microtus middendorffi
      - Mongolian vole, Microtus mongolicus
      - Muisk vole, Microtus mujanensis
      - Nasarov's vole, Microtus nasarovi
      - Altai vole, Microtus obscurus
      - Tundra vole, Microtus oeconomus
      - Southern vole, Microtus rossiaemeridionalis
      - Sakhalin vole, Microtus sachalinensis
      - European pine vole, Microtus subterraneus
    - Genus: Myopus
      - Wood lemming, Myopus schisticolor
- Family: Muridae (mice, rats, voles, gerbils, hamsters, etc.)
  - Subfamily: Gerbillinae
    - Genus: Meriones
      - Mid-day jird, Meriones meridianus
      - Tamarisk jird, Meriones tamariscinus
      - Mongolian gerbil, Meriones unguiculatus
  - Subfamily: Murinae
    - Genus: Apodemus
      - Striped field mouse, Apodemus agrarius
      - Yellow-necked mouse, Apodemus flavicollis
      - Yellow-breasted field mouse, Apodemus fulvipectus
      - Korean field mouse, Apodemus peninsulae
      - Black Sea field mouse, Apodemus ponticus
      - Wood mouse, Apodemus sylvaticus
      - Ural field mouse, Apodemus uralensis
    - Genus: Micromys
      - Eurasian harvest mouse, Micromys minutus
    - Genus: Rattus
      - Brown rat, R. norvegicus introduced
      - Black rat, R. rattus

Order: [[Lagomorpha]] (lagomorphs)

The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early 20th century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.

Family: Leporidae (rabbits, hares)
- Genus: Lepus
  - European hare, L. europaeus
  - Manchurian hare, L. mandshuricus
  - Mountain hare, L. timidus
  - Tolai hare, L. tolai
- Genus: Oryctolagus
  - European rabbit, O. cuniculus introduced
Family: Ochotonidae (pikas)
- Genus: Ochotona
  - Alpine pika, O. alpina
  - Daurian pika, O. dauurica
  - Northern pika, O. hyperborea
  - Pallas's pika, O. pallasi
  - Steppe pika, O. pusilla

Order: [[Eulipotyphla]] (shrews, hedgehogs, gymnures, moles and solenodons)

Eulipotyphlans are insectivorous mammals. Shrews and solenodons resemble mice, hedgehogs carry spines, gymnures look more like large rats, while moles are stout-bodied burrowers.

Family: Erinaceidae (hedgehogs)
- Subfamily: Erinaceinae
  - Genus: Erinaceus
    - Amur hedgehog, Erinaceus amurensis
    - Southern white-breasted hedgehog, Erinaceus concolor
    - West European hedgehog, Erinaceus europaeus
  - Genus: Mesechinus
    - Daurian hedgehog, Mesechinus dauuricus
  - Genus: Hemiechinus
    - Long-eared hedgehog, Hemiechinus auritus

Family: Soricidae (shrews)
- Subfamily: Crocidurinae
  - Genus: Crocidura
    - Gueldenstaedt's shrew, Crocidura gueldenstaedtii
    - Ussuri white-toothed shrew, Crocidura lasiura
    - Bicolored shrew, Crocidura leucodon
    - Siberian shrew, Crocidura sibirica
    - Lesser white-toothed shrew, C. suaveolens
- Subfamily: Soricinae
  - Tribe: Nectogalini
    - Genus: Neomys
      - Eurasian water shrew, Neomys fodiens
  - Tribe: Soricini
    - Genus: Sorex
      - Common shrew, Sorex araneus
      - Laxmann's shrew, Sorex caecutiens
      - Kamchatka shrew, Sorex camtschatica
      - Siberian large-toothed shrew, Sorex daphaenodon
      - Slender shrew, Sorex gracillimus
      - Taiga shrew, Sorex isodon
      - Paramushir shrew, Sorex leucogaster
      - Eurasian least shrew, Sorex minutissimus
      - Eurasian pygmy shrew, Sorex minutus
      - Ussuri shrew, Sorex mirabilis
      - Portenko's shrew, Sorex portenkoi
      - Radde's shrew, Sorex raddei
      - Flat-skulled shrew, Sorex roboratus
      - Caucasian shrew, Sorex satunini
      - Tundra shrew, Sorex tundrensis
      - Long-clawed shrew, Sorex unguiculatus
      - Caucasian pygmy shrew, Sorex volnuchini
Family: Talpidae (moles)
- Subfamily: Talpinae
  - Tribe: Desmanini
    - Genus: Desmana
      - Russian desman, Desmana moschata VU
  - Tribe: Talpini
    - Genus: Mogera
      - Large mole, Mogera robusta
    - Genus: Talpa
      - Siberian mole, Talpa altaica
      - Caucasian mole, Talpa caucasica
      - European mole, Talpa europaea
      - Levantine mole, Talpa levantis

Order: [[Chiroptera]] (bats)

The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.

Family: Vespertilionidae
- Subfamily: Myotinae
  - Genus: Myotis
    - Sakhalin myotis, M. abei DD
    - Bechstein's bat, M. bechsteini
    - Lesser mouse-eared bat, M. blythii
    - Far eastern myotis, M. bombinus LC
    - Brandt's bat, M. brandti
    - Long-fingered bat, M. capaccinii
    - Pond bat, M. dasycneme
    - Daubenton's bat, M. daubentonii
    - Geoffroy's bat, M. emarginatus
    - Fraternal myotis, Myotis frater LC
    - Ikonnikov's bat, Myotis ikonnikovi LC
    - Big-footed myotis, Myotis macrodactylus LC
    - Whiskered bat, M. mystacinus
    - Natterer's bat, M. nattereri
- Subfamily: Vespertilioninae
  - Genus: Barbastella
    - Western barbastelle, B. barbastellus
  - Genus: Eptesicus
    - Gobi big brown bat, Eptesicus gobiensis LC
    - Northern bat, Eptesicus nilssoni LC
    - Serotine bat, Eptesicus serotinus LC
  - Genus: Nyctalus
    - Birdlike noctule, Nyctalus aviator LC
    - Greater noctule bat, N. lasiopterus
    - Lesser noctule, N. leisleri
    - Common noctule, N. noctula
  - Genus: Pipistrellus
    - Nathusius' pipistrelle, P. nathusii
  - Genus: Plecotus
    - Brown long-eared bat, P. auritus
    - Ognev's long-eared bat, Plecotus ognevi
  - Genus: Vespertilio
    - Parti-coloured bat, Vespertilio murinus LC
    - Asian parti-colored bat, Vespertilio superans LC
- Subfamily: Murininae
  - Genus: Murina
    - Greater tube-nosed bat, Murina leucogaster LC
    - Ussuri tube-nosed bat, Murina ussuriensis EN
- Subfamily: Miniopterinae
  - Genus: Miniopterus
    - Common bent-wing bat, M. schreibersii
Family: Molossidae
- Genus: Tadarida
  - European free-tailed bat, T. teniotis
Family: Rhinolophidae
- Subfamily: Rhinolophinae
  - Genus: Rhinolophus
    - Mediterranean horseshoe bat, R. euryale
    - Greater horseshoe bat, R. ferrumequinum
    - Lesser horseshoe bat, R. hipposideros
    - Mehely's horseshoe bat, R. mehelyi

Order: [[Cetacea]] (whales)

The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.

Suborder: Mysticeti
- Family: Balaenidae
  - Genus: Balaena
    - Bowhead whale, Balaena mysticetus
  - Genus: Eubalaena
    - North Pacific right whale, Eubalaena japonica EN
- Family: Balaenopteridae
  - Subfamily: Balaenopterinae
    - Genus: Balaenoptera
      - Minke whale, Balaenoptera acutorostrata
      - Sei whale, Balaenoptera borealis EN
      - Blue whale, Balaenoptera musculus EN
      - Fin whale, Balaenoptera physalus EN
  - Subfamily: Megapterinae
    - Genus: Megaptera
      - Humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae VU
- Family: Eschrichtiidae
  - Genus: Eschrichtius
    - Gray whale, Eschrichtius robustus
Suborder: Odontoceti
- Superfamily: Platanistoidea
  - Family: Physeteridae
    - Genus: Physeter
      - Sperm whale, Physeter macrocephalus VU
  - Family: Kogiidae
    - Genus: Kogia
    - Pygmy sperm whale, K. breviceps
      - Dwarf sperm whale, K. sima
  - Family: Monodontidae
    - Genus: Monodon
      - Narwhal, Monodon monoceros DD
    - Genus: Delphinapterus
      - Beluga, Delphinapterus leucas VU
  - Family: Phocoenidae
    - Genus: Phocoena
      - Harbour porpoise, Phocoena phocoena VU
    - Genus: Phocoenoides
      - Dall's porpoise, Phocoenoides dalli
  - Family: Ziphidae
    - Genus: Ziphius
      - Cuvier's beaked whale, Ziphius cavirostris DD
    - Genus: Berardius
      - Giant beaked whale, Berardius bairdii
    - Subfamily: Hyperoodontinae
      - Genus: Hyperoodon
        
        Bottlenose whale, Hyperoodon ampullatus
      - Genus: Mesoplodon
        
        Stejneger's beaked whale, Mesoplodon stejnegeri DD
  - Family: Delphinidae (marine dolphins)
    - Genus: Lagenorhynchus
      - White-beaked dolphin, Lagenorhynchus albirostris LC
      - Atlantic white-sided dolphin, Lagenorhynchus acutus LC
      - Pacific white-sided dolphin, Lagenorhynchus obliquidens
    - Genus: Tursiops
      - Bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus DD
    - Genus: Stenella
      - Striped dolphin, Stenella coeruleoalba
    - Genus: Delphinus
      - Short-beaked common dolphin, Delphinus delphis
    - Genus: Lissodelphis
      - Northern right whale dolphin, Lissodelphis borealis
    - Genus: Grampus
      - Risso's dolphin, Grampus griseus DD
    - Genus: Pseudorca
      - False killer whale, Pseudorca crassidens
    - Genus: Orcinus
      - Orca, O. orca

Order: [[Carnivora]] (carnivorans)

There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which feed primarily on meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.

Suborder: Feliformia
- Family: Felidae (cats)
  - Subfamily: Felinae
    - Genus: Felis
      - Jungle cat, F. chaus
      - European wildcat, F. silvestris
      - African wildcat, F. lybica
    - Genus: Lynx
      - Eurasian lynx, L. lynx
    - Genus Otocolobus
      - Pallas's cat, O. manul
    - Genus: Prionailurus
      - Leopard cat, P. bengalensis
  - Subfamily: Pantherinae
    - Genus: Panthera
      - Leopard, P. pardus
        
        Amur leopard, P. p. orientalis
        
        Panthera pardus tulliana, P. p. tulliana
      - Tiger, P. tigris
        
        Siberian tiger, P. t. tigris
      - Snow leopard, P. uncia
Suborder: Caniformia
- Family: Canidae (dogs, foxes)
  - Genus: Vulpes
    - Corsac fox, V. corsac
    - Arctic fox, V. lagopus
    - Red fox, V. vulpes
  - Genus: Nyctereutes
    - Raccoon dog, N. procyonoides
  - Genus: Canis
    - Golden jackal, C. aureus
    - Gray wolf, C. lupus
      - Tundra wolf, C. l. albus
      - Steppe wolf, C. l. campestris
      - Mongolian wolf, C. l. chanco
      - Eurasian wolf, C. l. lupus
- Family: Ursidae (bears)
  - Genus: Ursus
    - Brown bear, U. arctos
      - Eurasian brown bear, U. a. arctos
      - Kamchatka brown bear, U. a. beringianus
      - East Siberian brown bear, U. a. arctos
      - Ussuri brown bear, U. a. lasiotus
    - Polar bear, U. maritimus
    - Asiatic black bear, U. thibetanus
      - Ussuri black bear, U. t. ussuricus
- Family: Mustelidae (mustelids)
  - Genus: Enhydra
    - Sea otter, E. lutris
  - Genus: Gulo
    - Wolverine, G. gulo
  - Genus: Lutra
    - Eurasian otter, L. lutra
  - Genus: Martes
    - Yellow-throated marten, M. flavigula
    - European pine marten, M. martes
    - Beech marten, M. foina
    - Sable, M. zibellina
  - Genus: Meles
    - Caucasian badger, M. canescens
    - European badger, M. meles
    - Asian badger, M. leucurus
  - Genus: Mustela
    - Mountain weasel, M. altaica
    - Stoat, M. erminea
    - Steppe polecat, M. eversmannii
    - Japanese weasel, M. itatsi introduced, possibly extirpated
    - European mink, M. lutreola
    - Least weasel, M. nivalis
    - European polecat, M. putorius
    - Siberian weasel, M. sibirica
  - Genus: Neogale
    - American mink, N. vison introduced
  - Genus: Vormela
    - Marbled polecat, V. peregusna
- Family: Otariidae (eared seals, sealions)
  - Genus: Callorhinus
    - Northern fur seal, C. ursinus
  - Genus: Eumetopias
    - Steller sea lion, E. jubatus
- Family: Odobenidae
  - Genus: Odobenus
    - Walrus, O. rosmarus
- Family: Phocidae (earless seals)
  - Genus: Cystophora
    - Hooded seal, C. cristata
  - Genus: Erignathus
    - Bearded seal, E. barbatus
  - Genus: Halichoerus
    - Grey seal, H. grypus
  - Genus: Histriophoca
    - Ribbon seal, H. fasciata
  - Genus: Pagophilus
    - Harp seal, P. groenlandicus
  - Genus: Phoca
    - Spotted seal, P. largha
    - Common seal, P. vitulina
  - Genus: Pusa
    - Caspian seal, P. caspica
    - Ringed seal, P. hispida
    - Baikal seal, P. sibirica

Order: [[Perissodactyla]] (odd-toed ungulates)

The odd-toed ungulates are browsing and grazing mammals. They are usually large to very large, and have relatively simple stomachs and a large middle toe.

Family: Equidae (horses etc.)
- Genus: Equus
  - Wild horse, E. ferus reintroduced
    - Przewalski's horse, E. f. przewalskii reintroduced
  - Onager, E. hemionus
    - Mongolian wild ass, E. h. hemionus
    - Turkmenian kulan, E. h. kulan

Order: [[Artiodactyla]] (even-toed ungulates)

The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.

Family: Suidae (pigs)
- Subfamily: Suinae
  - Genus: Sus
    - Wild boar, S. scrofa
Family: Moschidae
- Genus: Moschus
  - Siberian musk deer, M. moschiferus
Family: Cervidae (deer)
- Subfamily: Cervinae
  - Genus: Cervus
    - Wapiti, C. canadensis
    - Red deer, C. elaphus
    - Sika deer, C. nippon
      - Manchurian sika deer, C. n. mantchuricus
  - Genus: Dama
    - European fallow deer, D. dama introduced
- Subfamily: Capreolinae
  - Genus: Alces
    - Moose, A. alces
  - Genus: Capreolus
    - Roe deer, C. capreolus
    - Siberian roe deer, C. pygargus
  - Genus: Rangifer
    - Reindeer, R. tarandus
Family: Bovidae (cattle, antelope, sheep, goats)
- Subfamily: Antilopinae
  - Genus: Procapra
    - Mongolian gazelle, P. gutturosa
  - Genus: Saiga
    - Saiga antelope, S. tatarica
- Subfamily: Bovinae
  - Genus: Bison
    - American bison, B. bison introduced
      - Wood bison, B. b. athabascae introduced
    - European bison, B. bonasus reintroduced
- Subfamily: Caprinae
  - Genus: Capra
    - Wild goat, C. aegagrus
    - West Caucasian tur, C. caucasica
    - East Caucasian tur, C. cylindricornis
    - Siberian ibex, C. sibrica
  - Genus: Nemorhaedus
    - Long-tailed goral, N. caudatus
  - Genus: Ovibos
    - Muskox, O. moschatus
  - Genus: Ovis
    - Argali, O. ammon
    - Snow sheep, O. nivicola
  - Genus: Rupicapra
    - Chamois, R. rupicapra

Locally extinct and extinct

The following species are locally extinct in the country:

Wild yak, Bos mutus
Dhole, Cuon alpinus
Mediterranean monk seal, Monachus monachus

The following species are extinct:

Aurochs Bos primigenius
Steller's sea cow Hydrodamalis gigas
Japanese sea lion, Zalophus japonicus

References

This list is derived from the [[IUCN Red List]] which lists species of mammals and includes those mammals that have recently been classified as extinct (since 1500 AD). The taxonomy and naming of the individual species is based on those used in existing Wikipedia articles as of 21 May 2007 and supplemented by the common names and taxonomy from the IUCN, Smithsonian Institution, or University of Michigan where no Wikipedia article was available.
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Hutson, A. M.. (2010). "''Myotis capaccinii''".
Piraccini, R.. (2016). "''Myotis dasycneme''".
Kruskop, S.V.. (2020). "''Myotis daubentonii''".
Piraccini, R.. (2016). "''Myotis emarginatus''".
(2016). "''Myotis mystacinus''".
Gazaryan, S.. (2020). "''Myotis nattereri''".
Piraccini, R.. (2016). "''Barbastella barbastellus''".
Hutson, A. M.. (2010). "''Nyctalus lasiopterus''".
Juste, J. & Paunović, M.. (2016). "''Nyctalus leisleri''".
Csorba, G. & Hutson, A.M.. (2016). "''Nyctalus noctula''".
Hutson, A. M.. (2010). "''Pipistrellus nathusii''".
Gazaryan, S.. (2020). "''Plecotus auritus''".
(2020). "''Miniopterus schreibersii''".
Benda, P.. (2016). "''Tadarida teniotis''".
Juste, J.. (2016). "''Rhinolophus euryale''".
Piraccini, R.. (2016). "''Rhinolophus ferrumequinum''".
Taylor, P.. (2016). "''Rhinolophus hipposideros''".
Alcaldé, J.. (2016). "''Rhinolophus mehelyi''".
Taylor, B.L.. (2012). "''Kogia breviceps''".
Reeves, R.. (2017). "''Orcinus orca''".
Gray, T.N.E.. (2016). "''Felis chaus''".
Gerngross, P.. (2022). "''Felis silvestris''".
Ghoddousi, A.. (2022). "''Felis lybica''".
Breitenmoser, U.. (2015). "''Lynx lynx''".
(2020). "''Otocolobus manul''".
Ross, J.. (2015). "''Prionailurus bengalensis''".
(2019). "''Panthera pardus''".
(2015). "''Panthera tigris''".
McCarthy, T.. (2017). "''Panthera uncia''".
Murdoch, J.D.. (2014). "''Vulpes corsac''".
Angerbjörn, A.. (2014). "''Vulpes lagopus''".
Hoffmann, M.. (2016). "''Vulpes vulpes''".
Kauhala, K.. (2016). "''Nyctereutes procyonoides''".
Hoffmann, M.. (2018). "''Canis aureus''".
(2018). "''Canis lupus''".
McLellan, B. N.. (2017). "''Ursus arctos''".
(2016). "''Ursus thibetanus''".
Abramov, A.V.. (2016). "''Gulo gulo''".
Roos, A.. (2015). "''Lutra lutra''".
Chutipong, W.. (2016). "''Martes flavigula''".
Herrero, J.. (2016). "''Martes martes''".
Abramov, A.V.. (2016). "''Martes foina''".
Monakhov, V.G.. (2016). "''Martes zibellina''".
Kranz, A.. (2016). "''Meles meles''".
Abramov, A.. (2016). "''Meles leucurus''".
Abramov, A.. (2016). "''Mustela altaica''".
Reid, F.. (2016). "''Mustela erminea''".
Maran, T.. (2016). "''Mustela eversmanii''".
Maran, T.. (2010). "''Mustela lutreola''".
McDonald, R. A.. (2019). "Mustela nivalis".
Skumatov, D.. (2016). "''Mustela putorius''".
Abramov, A. V.. (2016). "''Mustela sibirica''".
(2016). "''Neovison vison''".
Abramov, A.V.. (2016). "''Vormela peregusna''".
(2016). "Endangered Przewalski's Horses Back On Russian Steppe". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty.
(2018). "Fresh research shows how horse domestication helped shape humanity". [[Horsetalk]].
Keuling, O.. (2019). "''Sus scrofa''".
Lovari, S.. (2018). "''Cervus elaphus''".
Masseti, M.. (2008). "''Dama dama''".
Hundertmark, K.. (2016). "''Alces alces''".
Lovari, S.. (2016). "''Capreolus capreolus''".
IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group. (2018). "''Saiga tatarica''".
[[TASS]], 2019, [https://tass.com/society/1070217 Wood bison to be listed in Yakutia's Red Data Book]
(2020). "''Bison bonasus''".
Sipko, T., P. (2009). ''European bison in Russia – past, present and future.'' European Bison Conservation Newsletter Vol 2, pp: 148–159
Weinberg, P.. (2020). "''Capra aegagrus''".
Weinberg, P.. (2020). "''Capra caucasica''".
(2020). "''Capra cylindricornis''".
Reading, R.. (2020). "''Capra sibirica''".
Bragina, E.. (2020). "''Naemorhedus caudatus''".
Reading, R.. (2020). "''Ovis ammon''".
Aulagnier, S.. (2008). "''Rupicapra rupicapra''".
Buzzard, P.. (2016). "''Bos mutus''".
Kamler, J. F.. (2015). "''Cuon alpinus''".
(2015). "''Monachus monachus''".
Heptner, V.G.. (1988). "Mlekopitajuščie Sovetskogo Soiuza. Moskva: Vysšaia Škola". Smithsonian Institution and the National Science Foundation.
Domning, D.. (2016). "''Hydrodamalis gigas''".
Aurioles, D.. (2008). "''Zalophus japonicus''".

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