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List of infectious diseases
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This is a list of infectious diseases arranged by name, along with the infectious agents that cause them, the vaccines that can prevent or cure them when they exist and their current status. Some on the list are vaccine-preventable diseases.
List
| Infectious agent | Common name | Diagnosis | Treatment | Vaccine(s) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| *Acinetobacter baumannii* | *Acinetobacter* infections | Culture | Supportive care | |||||||||
| *Actinomyces israelii*, *Actinomyces gerencseriae* and *Propionibacterium propionicus* | Actinomycosis | Histologic findings | Penicillin, doxycycline, and sulfonamides | |||||||||
| *Adenoviridae* | Adenovirus infection | Antigen detection, polymerase chain reaction assay, virus isolation, and serology | Most infections are mild and require no therapy or only symptomatic treatment. | |||||||||
| *Trypanosoma brucei* | African sleeping sickness (African trypanosomiasis) | Identification of trypanosomes in a sample by microscopic examination | Fexinidazole by mouth or pentamidine by injection for *T. b. gambiense*. | |||||||||
| HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus) | AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) | Antibody test, p24 antigen test, PCR | Treatment is typically a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) plus two nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) | |||||||||
| *Entamoeba histolytica* | Amoebiasis | Microscopy | Those with symptoms require treatment with an amoebicidal tissue-active agent and a luminal cysticidal agent. Individuals that are asymptomatic only need a luminal cysticidal agent. | |||||||||
| *Anaplasma* species | Anaplasmosis | indirect immunofluorescence antibody assay for IgG | Tetracycline drugs (including tetracycline, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, rolitetracycline, doxycycline, and minocycline) and imidocarb | |||||||||
| *Angiostrongylus* | Angiostrongyliasis | Lumbar puncture, brain imaging, serology | Albendazole | |||||||||
| *Anisakis* | Anisakiasis | Gastroscopic examination, or histopathologic examination | Albendazole | |||||||||
| *Bacillus anthracis* | Anthrax | Culture, PCR | Large doses of intravenous and oral antibiotics, such as fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin), doxycycline, erythromycin, vancomycin, or penicillin | |||||||||
| *Arcanobacterium haemolyticum* | *Arcanobacterium haemolyticum* infection | Culture in human blood agar plates | erythromycin (proposed as the first-line drug), clindamycin, gentamicin, and cephalosporins | |||||||||
| Junin virus | Argentine hemorrhagic fever | |||||||||||
| *Ascaris lumbricoides* | Ascariasis | Fecal smear | Albendazole, mebendazole, levamisole and pyrantel pamoate | |||||||||
| *Aspergillus* species | Aspergillosis | Chest X-ray and CT, microscopy by silver stains | Voriconazole and liposomal amphotericin B in combination with surgical debridement | |||||||||
| *Astroviridae* species | Astrovirus infection | Electron microscopy, enzyme-immunoassay (ELISA), immunofluorescence, and polymerase chain reaction | Supportive care | |||||||||
| *Babesia* species | Babesiosis | Giemsa-stained thin-film blood smear | Atovaquone and azithromycin. In life-threatening cases, exchange transfusion is performed. | |||||||||
| *Bacillus cereus* | *Bacillus cereus* infection | Culture | Vancomycin | |||||||||
| multiple bacteria | Bacterial meningitis | Lumbar puncture (contraindicated if there is a mass in the brain or the intracranial pressure is elevated), CT or MRI | Antibiotics | |||||||||
| multiple bacteria | Bacterial pneumonia | Sputum Gram stain and culture, Chest radiography | Antibiotics | |||||||||
| List of bacterial vaginosis microbiota | Bacterial vaginosis | Gram stain and whiff test | Metronidazole or clindamycin | |||||||||
| *Bacteroides* species | *Bacteroides* infection | |||||||||||
| *Balantidium coli* | Balantidiasis | microscopic examination of stools, or colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy | Tetracycline, metronidazole or iodoquinol | |||||||||
| *Bartonella* | Bartonellosis | microscopy, serology, and PCR | Antibiotics | |||||||||
| *Baylisascaris* species | *Baylisascaris* infection | |||||||||||
| BK virus | BK virus infection | |||||||||||
| *Piedraia hortae* | Black piedra | Stain or culture | Antifungal shampoos such as pyrithione zinc, formaldehyde and salicylic acid | |||||||||
| *Blastocystis* species | Blastocystosis | microscopic examination of a chemically preserved stool specimen | Lack of scientific study to support the efficacy of any particular treatment | |||||||||
| *Blastomyces dermatitidis* | Blastomycosis | KOH prep, cytology, or histology | Itraconazole or ketoconazole | |||||||||
| Machupo virus | Bolivian hemorrhagic fever | |||||||||||
| *Clostridium botulinum*; Note: Botulism is not an infection by *Clostridium botulinum* but caused by the intake of botulinum toxin. | Botulism (and Infant botulism) | Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), electrochemiluminescent (ECL) tests | Botulism antitoxin and supportive care | |||||||||
| Sabiá virus | Brazilian hemorrhagic fever | |||||||||||
| *Brucella* species | Brucellosis | Culture | Tetracyclines, rifampicin, and the aminoglycosides streptomycin and gentamicin | |||||||||
| *Yersinia pestis* | Bubonic plague | Culture | Aminoglycosides such as streptomycin and gentamicin, tetracyclines (especially doxycycline), and the fluoroquinolone ciprofloxacin | |||||||||
| usually *Burkholderia cepacia* and other *Burkholderia* species | *Burkholderia* infection | |||||||||||
| *Mycobacterium ulcerans* | Buruli ulcer | real-time PCR | The most widely used antibiotic regimen is once daily oral rifampicin plus twice daily oral clarithromycin. | |||||||||
| *Caliciviridae* species | Calicivirus infection (Norovirus and Sapovirus) | |||||||||||
| *Campylobacter* species | Campylobacteriosis | Stool culture | Erythromycin can be used in children, and tetracycline in adults. | |||||||||
| usually *Candida albicans* and other *Candida* species | Candidiasis (Moniliasis; Thrush) | oral candidiasis, the person's mouth for white patches and irritation. | Antifungal medications | |||||||||
| Intestinal disease by *Capillaria philippinensis*, hepatic disease by *Capillaria hepatica* and pulmonary disease by *Capillaria aerophila* | Capillariasis | |||||||||||
| *Streptococcus mutans * | Dental caries | |||||||||||
| *Bartonella bacilliformis* | Carrion's disease | Peripheral blood smear with Giemsa stain, Columbia blood agar cultures, immunoblot, indirect immunofluorescence, and PCR | Fluoroquinolones (such as ciprofloxacin) or chloramphenicol in adults and chloramphenicol plus beta-lactams in children | |||||||||
| *Bartonella henselae* | Cat-scratch disease | Polymerase chain reaction | Azithromycin | |||||||||
| usually Group A *Streptococcus* and *Staphylococcus* | Cellulitis | history and physical examination | Penicillinase-resistant semisynthetic penicillin or a first-generation cephalosporin | |||||||||
| *Trypanosoma cruzi* | Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis) | Microscopic examination of fresh anticoagulated blood, or its buffy coat, for motile parasites; or by preparation of thin and thick blood smears stained with Giemsa. | Benznidazole and nifurtimox (though benznidazole is the only drug available in most of Latin America) | |||||||||
| *Haemophilus ducreyi* | Chancroid | Clinical diagnosis | The CDC recommendation is either a single oral dose (1 gram) of azithromycin, a single IM dose (250 mg) of ceftriaxone, oral (500 mg) of erythromycin three times a day for seven days, or oral (500 mg) of ciprofloxacin twice a day for three days. | |||||||||
| Varicella zoster virus (VZV) | Chickenpox | The diagnosis of chickenpox is primarily based on the signs and symptoms, with typical early symptoms followed by a characteristic rash. | Aciclovir | |||||||||
| *Alphavirus* | Chikungunya | Laboratory criteria include a decreased lymphocyte count consistent with viremia. | Supportive care | |||||||||
| *Chlamydia trachomatis* | Chlamydia | Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT), such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), transcription mediated amplification (TMA), and the DNA strand displacement amplification (SDA) | azithromycin, doxycycline, erythromycin, levofloxacin or ofloxacin | |||||||||
| *Chlamydophila pneumoniae* | *Chlamydophila pneumoniae* infection (Taiwan acute respiratory agent or TWAR) | |||||||||||
| *Vibrio cholerae* | Cholera | A rapid dipstick test is available. | oral rehydration therapy (ORT) | |||||||||
| usually *Fonsecaea pedrosoi* | Chromoblastomycosis | microscopy (KOH scrapings) | Itraconazole, an antifungal azole, is given orally, with or without flucytosine. | |||||||||
| *Batrachochytrium dendrabatidis* | *Chytridiomycosis* | |||||||||||
| *Clonorchis sinensis* | Clonorchiasis | |||||||||||
| *Clostridioides difficile* | **Clostridioides difficile* colitis* | Colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy, cytotoxicity assay, toxin ELISA | Vancomycin or fidaxomicin by mouth | |||||||||
| *Coccidioides immitis* and *Coccidioides posadasii* | Coccidioidomycosis | |||||||||||
| Colorado tick fever virus (CTFV) | Colorado tick fever (CTF) | |||||||||||
| usually rhinoviruses and coronaviruses | Common cold (Acute viral rhinopharyngitis; Acute coryza) | Based on symptoms | Supportive care | |||||||||
| Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) | Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) | |||||||||||
| Coxsackie B virus | Coxsackie B virus infection | Enterovirus infection is diagnosed mainly via serological tests such as ELISA and from cell culture. | There is no well-accepted treatment for the Coxsackie B group of viruses. | |||||||||
| PRNP | Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD) | |||||||||||
| Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus | Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) | |||||||||||
| *Cryptococcus neoformans* | Cryptococcosis | India ink of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) | Intravenous Amphotericin B combined with flucytosine by mouth | |||||||||
| *Cryptosporidium* species | Cryptosporidiosis | |||||||||||
| usually *Ancylostoma braziliense*; multiple other parasites | Cutaneous larva migrans (CLM) | |||||||||||
| *Cyclospora cayetanensis* | Cyclosporiasis | |||||||||||
| *Taenia solium* | Cysticercosis | |||||||||||
| *Cytomegalovirus* | Cytomegalovirus infection | Blood and urine tests, biopsy | Cidofovir, foscarnet, ganciclovir, valganciclovir | |||||||||
| Dengue viruses (DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3 and DEN-4) – *Flaviviruses* | Dengue fever | Clinical diagnosis | Treatment depends on the symptoms. | |||||||||
| Green algae Desmodesmus armatus | Desmodesmus infection | |||||||||||
| *Dientamoeba fragilis* | Dientamoebiasis | |||||||||||
| *Corynebacterium diphtheriae* | Diphtheria | Laboratory criteria | Metronidazole, Erythromycin, Procaine penicillin G | |||||||||
| *Diphyllobothrium* | Diphyllobothriasis | |||||||||||
| *Dracunculus medinensis* | Dracunculiasis | |||||||||||
| Eastern equine encephalitis virus | Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) | Blood tests | Corticosteroids, anticonvulsants, and supportive measures (treating symptoms) | |||||||||
| Ebolavirus (EBOV) | Ebola hemorrhagic fever | |||||||||||
| *Echinococcus* species | Echinococcosis | Imaging, Serology test | Surgical removal of the cysts combined with chemotherapy | |||||||||
| *Ehrlichia* species | Ehrlichiosis | |||||||||||
| *Enterobius vermicularis* | Enterobiasis (Pinworm infection) | |||||||||||
| *Enterococcus* species | *Enterococcus* infection | |||||||||||
| Enterovirus species | Enterovirus infection | |||||||||||
| *Rickettsia prowazekii* | Epidemic typhus | |||||||||||
| Parvovirus B19 | Erythema infectiosum (Fifth disease) | |||||||||||
| Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) and human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7) | Exanthem subitum (Sixth disease) | |||||||||||
| *Fasciola hepatica* and *Fasciola gigantica* | Fasciolasis | |||||||||||
| *Fasciolopsis buski* | Fasciolopsiasis | |||||||||||
| PRNP | Fatal familial insomnia (FFI) | |||||||||||
| Filarioidea superfamily | Filariasis | |||||||||||
| *Clostridium perfringens* | Food poisoning by *Clostridium perfringens* | Stool test | Supportive care | |||||||||
| multiple | Free-living amebic infection | |||||||||||
| *Fusobacterium* species | *Fusobacterium* infection | |||||||||||
| usually *Clostridium perfringens*; other *Clostridium* species | Gas gangrene (Clostridial myonecrosis) | |||||||||||
| *Geotrichum candidum* | Geotrichosis | |||||||||||
| PRNP | Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome (GSS) | |||||||||||
| *Giardia lamblia* | Giardiasis | Detection of antigens on the surface of organisms in stool | Treatment is not always necessary. If medications are needed, a nitroimidazole medication is used such as metronidazole, tinidazole, secnidazole or ornidazole. | |||||||||
| *Burkholderia mallei* | Glanders | |||||||||||
| *Gnathostoma spinigerum* and *Gnathostoma hispidum* | Gnathostomiasis | |||||||||||
| *Neisseria gonorrhoeae* | Gonorrhea | Gram stain and culture | Ceftriaxone by injection and azithromycin by mouth | |||||||||
| *Klebsiella granulomatis* | Granuloma inguinale (Donovanosis) | |||||||||||
| *Streptococcus pyogenes* | Group A streptococcal infection | Culture | Penicillin | |||||||||
| *Streptococcus agalactiae* | Group B streptococcal infection | Gram stain | Penicillin and ampicillin | |||||||||
| *Haemophilus influenzae* | *Haemophilus influenzae* infection | Gram stain | In severe cases, cefotaxime and ceftriaxone delivered into the bloodstream, and for the less severe cases, an association of ampicillin and sulbactam, cephalosporins of the second and third generation, or fluoroquinolones are preferred. | |||||||||
| Enteroviruses, mainly Coxsackie A virus and enterovirus 71 (EV71) | Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) | A diagnosis usually can be made by the presenting signs and symptoms alone. If the diagnosis is unclear, a throat swab or stool specimen may be taken. | Medications are usually not needed as hand, foot, and mouth disease is a viral disease that typically resolves on its own. | |||||||||
| Sin Nombre virus | Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) | |||||||||||
| Heartland virus | Heartland virus disease | |||||||||||
| *Helicobacter pylori* | *Helicobacter pylori* infection | |||||||||||
| Escherichia coliO157:H7, O111 and O104:H4 | Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) | First diagnosis of aHUS is often made in the context of an initial, complement-triggering infection, and Shiga-toxin has also been implicated as a trigger that identifies patients with aHUS. | Treatment involves supportive care and may include dialysis, steroids, blood transfusions, and plasmapheresis. | |||||||||
| Bunyaviridae species | Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) | HFRS is difficult to diagnose on clinical grounds alone and serological evidence is often needed. | There is no cure for HFRS. Treatment involves supportive therapy including renal dialysis. | |||||||||
| Hendra virus | Hendra virus infection | |||||||||||
| Hepatitis A virus | Hepatitis A | Blood tests | Supportive care, liver transplantation | |||||||||
| Hepatitis B virus | Hepatitis B | Blood tests | Antiviral medication (tenofovir, interferon), liver transplantation | |||||||||
| Hepatitis C virus | Hepatitis C | Blood testing for antibodies or viral RNA | Antivirals (sofosbuvir, simeprevir, others) | |||||||||
| Hepatitis D Virus | Hepatitis D | Immunoglobulin G | Antivirals, pegylated interferon alpha | |||||||||
| Hepatitis E virus | Hepatitis E | Hepatitis E virus (HEV) | Rest, ribavirin (if chronic) | |||||||||
| Herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) | Herpes simplex | Based on symptoms, PCR, viral culture | Aciclovir, valaciclovir, paracetamol (acetaminophen), topical lidocaine | |||||||||
| *Histoplasma capsulatum* | Histoplasmosis | Histoplasmosis can be diagnosed by samples containing the fungus taken from sputum (via bronchoalveolar lavage), blood, or infected organs. | In the majority of immunocompetent individuals, histoplasmosis resolves without any treatment. Typical treatment of severe disease first involves treatment with amphotericin B, followed by oral itraconazole. | |||||||||
| *Ancylostoma duodenale* and *Necator americanus* | Hookworm infection | |||||||||||
| Human bocavirus (HBoV) | Human bocavirus infection | |||||||||||
| *Ehrlichia ewingii* | Human ewingii ehrlichiosis | The diagnosis can be confirmed by using PCR. A peripheral blood smear can also be examined for intracytoplasmic inclusions called morulae. | Doxycycline | |||||||||
| *Anaplasma phagocytophilum* | Human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA) | PCR | Doxycycline | |||||||||
| Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) | Human metapneumovirus infection | |||||||||||
| *Ehrlichia chaffeensis* | Human monocytic ehrlichiosis | PCR | Doxycycline | |||||||||
| One of the human papillomaviruses | Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection | |||||||||||
| Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIV) | Human parainfluenza virus infection Croup | |||||||||||
| Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1) | Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 infection | |||||||||||
| *Hymenolepis nana* and Hymenolepis diminuta | Hymenolepiasis | Examination of the stool for eggs and parasites | Praziquantel, niclosamide | |||||||||
| Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) | Epstein–Barr virus infectious mononucleosis (Mono) | Diagnostic modalities for infectious mononucleosis include: | Infectious mononucleosis is generally self-limiting, so only symptomatic or supportive treatments are used. | |||||||||
| Orthomyxoviridae species | Influenza (flu) | Diagnostic methods that can identify influenza include viral cultures, antibody- and antigen-detecting tests, and nucleic acid-based tests. | Treatment of influenza in cases of mild or moderate illness is supportive and includes anti-fever medications such as acetaminophen and ibuprofen, adequate fluid intake to avoid dehydration, and resting at home. | |||||||||
| *Isospora belli* | Isosporiasis | Microscopic demonstration of the large typically shaped oocysts is the basis for diagnosis. | Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole | |||||||||
| Japanese encephalitis virus | Japanese encephalitis | Available tests detecting JE virus-specific IgM antibodies in serum and/or cerebrospinal fluid, for example by IgM capture ELISA. | Supportive | |||||||||
| unknown; evidence supports that it is infectious | Kawasaki disease | Based on symptoms, ultrasound of the heart | Aspirin, immunoglobulin | |||||||||
| multiple | Keratitis | Infectious keratitis generally requires urgent antibacterial, antifungal, or antiviral therapy to eliminate the pathogen. | ||||||||||
| *Kingella kingae* | *Kingella kingae* infection | |||||||||||
| PRNP | Kuru | Autopsy | None | |||||||||
| Lassa virus | Lassa fever | Laboratory testing | Supportive | |||||||||
| *Legionella pneumophila* | Legionellosis (Legionnaires' disease) | Urinary antigen test, sputum culture | Effective antibiotics include most macrolides, tetracyclines, ketolides, and quinolones. | |||||||||
| *Legionella pneumophila* | Pontiac fever | |||||||||||
| *Leishmania* species | Leishmaniasis | Hematology laboratory by direct visualization of the amastigotes (Leishman–Donovan bodies). | For visceral leishmaniasis in India, South America, and the Mediterranean, liposomal amphotericin B is the recommended treatment and is often used as a single dose. | |||||||||
| *Mycobacterium leprae* and *Mycobacterium lepromatosis* | Leprosy | In countries where people are frequently infected, a person is considered to have leprosy if they have one of the following two signs: | Rifampicin, dapsone, clofazimine | |||||||||
| *Leptospira* species | Leptospirosis | Testing blood for antibodies against the bacterium or its DNA | Doxycycline, penicillin, ceftriaxone | |||||||||
| *Listeria monocytogenes* | Listeriosis | Culture of blood or spinal fluid | Ampicillin, gentamicin | |||||||||
| Loa Loa | Loiasis | Microscopy of blood (ideally around noon) for microfilaremia, enrichment techniques, PCR, ELISA | Albendazole, Ivermectin, Diethylcarbamazine | No | ||||||||
| *Borrelia burgdorferi*, *Borrelia garinii*, and *Borrelia afzelii* | Lyme disease (Lyme borreliosis) | Based on symptoms, tick exposure, blood tests | Doxycycline, amoxicillin, ceftriaxone, cefuroxime | |||||||||
| *Wuchereria bancrofti* and *Brugia malayi* | Lymphatic filariasis (Elephantiasis) | Microscopic examination of blood | Albendazole with ivermectin or diethylcarbamazine | |||||||||
| Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) | Lymphocytic choriomeningitis | Blood test | Symptomatic and supportive | |||||||||
| *Plasmodium* species | Malaria | Examination of the blood, antigen detection tests | Antimalarial medication | |||||||||
| Marburg virus | Marburg hemorrhagic fever (MHF) | Blood test | Supportive | |||||||||
| Measles virus | Measles | Onset of fever and malaise about 10 days after exposure to the measles virus, followed by the emergence of cough, coryza, and conjunctivitis that worsen in severity over 4 days of appearing. Observation of Koplik's spots is also diagnostic. | Supportive care | |||||||||
| Middle East respiratory syndrome–related coronavirus | Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) | rRT-PCR testing | Symptomatic and supportive | |||||||||
| *Burkholderia pseudomallei* | Melioidosis (Whitmore's disease) | Growing the bacteria in culture mediums | Ceftazidime, meropenem, co-trimoxazole | |||||||||
| multiple | Meningitis | Lumbar puncture | Antibiotics, antivirals, steroids | |||||||||
| *Neisseria meningitidis* | Meningococcal disease | Treatment in primary care usually involves intramuscular administration of benzylpenicillin. Once in the hospital, the antibiotics of choice are usually IV broad spectrum 3rd generation cephalosporins. | ||||||||||
| usually *Metagonimus yokagawai* | Metagonimiasis | Metagonimiasis is diagnosed by eggs seen in feces. | Praziquantel | |||||||||
| Microsporidia phylum | Microsporidiosis | PCR | Fumagillin has been used in the treatment. Another agent used is albendazole. | |||||||||
| Molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV) | Molluscum contagiosum (MC) | Based on appearance | Cimetidine, podophyllotoxin | |||||||||
| Monkeypox virus | Mpox | Testing for viral DNA | Supportive, antivirals, vaccinia immune globulin | |||||||||
| Mumps virus | Mumps | Antibody testing, viral cultures, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction | Supportive | |||||||||
| *Rickettsia typhi* | Murine typhus (Endemic typhus) | Early diagnosis continued to be based on clinical suspicion. | The most effective antibiotics include tetracycline and chloramphenicol. | |||||||||
| *Mycoplasma pneumoniae* | Mycoplasma pneumonia | Chest X-Ray, Chest CT, blood test | Erythromycin, doxycycline | |||||||||
| *Mycoplasma genitalium* | Mycoplasma genitalium infection | Nucleic acid amplification test | Azithromycin, moxifloxacin | |||||||||
| numerous species of bacteria (Actinomycetoma) and fungi (Eumycetoma) | Mycetoma | Ultrasound, fine needle aspiration | Antibiotics or antifungal medication | |||||||||
| parasitic dipterous fly larvae | Myiasis | Examination and serologic testing | Petroleum jelly over the central punctum | |||||||||
| most commonly *Chlamydia trachomatis* and *Neisseria gonorrhoeae* | Neonatal conjunctivitis (Ophthalmia neonatorum) | Antibiotic ointment (erythromycin, tetracycline, or rarely silver nitrate or Argyrol) | ||||||||||
| Nipah virus | Nipah virus infection | |||||||||||
| Norovirus | Norovirus | Based on symptoms | Supportive care | |||||||||
| PRNP | (New) Variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (vCJD, nvCJD) | |||||||||||
| usually *Nocardia asteroides* and other *Nocardia* species | Nocardiosis | chest x-ray to analyze the lungs, a bronchoscopy, a brain/lung/skin biopsy, or a sputum culture. | trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole or high doses of sulfonamides | |||||||||
| *Onchocerca volvulus* | Onchocerciasis (River blindness) | |||||||||||
| *Opisthorchis viverrini* and *Opisthorchis felineus* | Opisthorchiasis | |||||||||||
| *Paracoccidioides brasiliensis* | Paracoccidioidomycosis (South American blastomycosis) | |||||||||||
| usually *Paragonimus westermani* and other *Paragonimus* species | Paragonimiasis | |||||||||||
| *Pasteurella* species | Pasteurellosis | |||||||||||
| *Pediculus humanus capitis* | Pediculosis capitis (Head lice) | |||||||||||
| *Pediculus humanus corporis* | Pediculosis corporis (Body lice) | |||||||||||
| *Pthirus pubis* | Pediculosis pubis (pubic lice, crab lice) | |||||||||||
| multiple | Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) | Based on symptoms, ultrasound, laparoscopic surgery | Typical regimens include cefoxitin or cefotetan plus doxycycline, and clindamycin plus gentamicin. | |||||||||
| *Bordetella pertussis* | Pertussis (whooping cough) | Nasopharyngeal swab | erythromycin, clarithromycin, or azithromycin | |||||||||
| *Yersinia pestis* | Plague | Finding the bacterium in a lymph node, blood, sputum | Gentamicin and a fluoroquinolone | |||||||||
| *Streptococcus pneumoniae* | Pneumococcal infection | Culture | cephalosporins, and fluoroquinolones such as levofloxacin and moxifloxacin | |||||||||
| *Pneumocystis jirovecii* | Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) | chest X-ray and an arterial oxygen level | trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole | |||||||||
| multiple | Pneumonia | Based on symptoms, chest X-ray | Antibiotics, antivirals, oxygen therapy | |||||||||
| Poliovirus | Poliomyelitis | Finding the virus in the feces or antibodies in the blood | supportive care | |||||||||
| *Prevotella* species | *Prevotella* infection | |||||||||||
| usually *Naegleria fowleri* | Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) | flagellation test | Miltefosine, fluconazole, amphotericin B, posaconazole, voriconazole, targeted temperature management | |||||||||
| JC virus | Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy | finding JC virus DNA in spinal fluid, brain CT | ||||||||||
| *Chlamydophila psittaci* | Psittacosis | Culture | tetracyclines and chloramphenicol | |||||||||
| *Coxiella burnetii* | Q fever | Based on serology | doxycycline, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, and ofloxacin | |||||||||
| Rabies virus | Rabies | fluorescent antibody test (FAT) | Supportive care | |||||||||
| *Borrelia hermsii*, *Borrelia recurrentis*, and other *Borrelia* species | Relapsing fever | blood smear | Tetracycline-class antibiotics | |||||||||
| Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) | Respiratory syncytial virus infection | A variety of laboratory tests | Treatment for RSV infection is focused primarily on supportive care. | |||||||||
| *Rhinosporidium seeberi* | Rhinosporidiosis | |||||||||||
| Rhinovirus | Rhinovirus infection | |||||||||||
| *Rickettsia* species | Rickettsial infection | |||||||||||
| *Rickettsia akari* | Rickettsialpox | |||||||||||
| Rift Valley fever virus | Rift Valley fever (RVF) | |||||||||||
| *Rickettsia rickettsii* | Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) | |||||||||||
| Rotavirus | Rotavirus infection | |||||||||||
| Rubella virus | Rubella | |||||||||||
| *Salmonella* species | Salmonellosis | |||||||||||
| SARS coronavirus | Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) | |||||||||||
| *Sarcoptes scabiei* | Scabies | |||||||||||
| Group A *Streptococcus* species | Scarlet fever | |||||||||||
| *Schistosoma* species | Schistosomiasis | Praziquantel | ||||||||||
| multiple | Sepsis | |||||||||||
| *Shigella* species | Shigellosis (bacillary dysentery) | |||||||||||
| Varicella zoster virus (VZV) | Shingles (Herpes zoster) | |||||||||||
| Variola major or Variola minor | Smallpox (variola) | |||||||||||
| *Sporothrix schenckii* | Sporotrichosis | |||||||||||
| *Staphylococcus* species | Staphylococcal food poisoning | |||||||||||
| *Staphylococcus* species | Staphylococcal infection | |||||||||||
| *Strongyloides stercoralis* | Strongyloidiasis | |||||||||||
| Measles virus | Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis | |||||||||||
| *Treponema pallidum* | Bejel, Syphilis, and Yaws | |||||||||||
| *Taenia* species | Taeniasis | |||||||||||
| *Clostridium tetani* | Tetanus (lockjaw) | |||||||||||
| Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) | Tick-borne encephalitis | |||||||||||
| usually *Trichophyton* species | Tinea barbae (barber's itch) | |||||||||||
| usually *Trichophyton tonsurans* | Tinea capitis (ringworm of the scalp) | |||||||||||
| usually *Trichophyton* species | Tinea corporis (ringworm of the body) | |||||||||||
| usually *Epidermophyton floccosum*, *Trichophyton rubrum*, and *Trichophyton mentagrophytes* | Tinea cruris (Jock itch) | |||||||||||
| *Trichophyton rubrum* | Tinea manum (ringworm of the hand) | |||||||||||
| usually *Hortaea werneckii* | Tinea nigra | |||||||||||
| usually *Trichophyton* species | Tinea pedis (athlete's foot) | |||||||||||
| usually *Trichophyton* species | Tinea unguium (onychomycosis) | |||||||||||
| *Malassezia* species | Tinea versicolor (Pityriasis versicolor) | |||||||||||
| *Staphylococcus aureus* or *Streptococcus pyogenes* | Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) | |||||||||||
| *Toxocara canis* or *Toxocara cati* | Toxocariasis (ocular larva migrans (OLM)) | |||||||||||
| *Toxocara canis* or *Toxocara cati* | Toxocariasis (visceral larva migrans (VLM)) | |||||||||||
| *Toxoplasma gondii* | Toxoplasmosis | |||||||||||
| *Chlamydia trachomatis* | Trachoma | |||||||||||
| *Trichinella spiralis* | Trichinosis | |||||||||||
| *Trichomonas vaginalis* | Trichomoniasis | |||||||||||
| *Trichuris trichiura* | Trichuriasis (whipworm infection) | |||||||||||
| usually *Mycobacterium tuberculosis* | Tuberculosis | |||||||||||
| *Francisella tularensis* | Tularemia | |||||||||||
| *Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica, serovar typhi* | Typhoid fever | |||||||||||
| *Rickettsia* | Typhus fever | |||||||||||
| *Ureaplasma urealyticum* | *Ureaplasma urealyticum* infection | |||||||||||
| vauthors=Walsh TJ, Dixon DM | title = Spectrum of Mycoses. *In:* Baron's Medical Microbiology | editor = Baron S | display-editors = etal | edition = 4th | publisher = Univ of Texas Medical Branch | year = 1996 | id = [(via NCBI Bookshelf)](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7902/) | isbn = 0-9631172-1-1 }} | Valley fever | |||
| Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus | Venezuelan equine encephalitis | |||||||||||
| Guanarito virus | Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever | |||||||||||
| *Vibrio vulnificus* | Vibrio vulnificus infection | |||||||||||
| *Vibrio parahaemolyticus* | Vibrio parahaemolyticus enteritis | |||||||||||
| multiple viruses | Viral pneumonia | |||||||||||
| West Nile virus | West Nile fever | |||||||||||
| *Trichosporon beigelii* | White piedra (tinea blanca) | |||||||||||
| *Yersinia pseudotuberculosis* | *Yersinia pseudotuberculosis* infection | |||||||||||
| *Yersinia enterocolitica* | Yersiniosis | |||||||||||
| Yellow fever virus | Yellow fever | |||||||||||
| Zeaspora fungus | Zeaspora | |||||||||||
| *Zika virus* | Zika fever | |||||||||||
| Mucorales order (Mucormycosis) and Entomophthorales order (Entomophthoramycosis) | Zygomycosis |
References
-
Chin J. B., ed. Control of Communicable Diseases Manual. 17th ed. APHA [American Public Health Association] Press; 2000.
-
Red Book: 2009 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases. 2009. American Academy of Pediatrics. 28th ed.
-
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC Works 24/7. Retrieved on August 4, 2009.
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