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general/exiled-politicians

From Surf Wiki (app.surf) — the open knowledge base

List of heads of state and government who have been in exile

None

None

In some cases, the deposed head of state or head of government are allowed to go into exile following a coup or other change of government, allowing a more peaceful transition to take place or to escape justice. In some cases, governments in exile are created.

There have also been instances where they managed to return to power, as did Charles II of England. Examples in chronological order include:

NameTitleHome countryExile period
( – died in exile)Exiled country or countries
JehoahazKing of JudahKingdom of Judah609 BC–unknownEgypt
JeconiahKing of JudahKingdom of Judah597 BC–562 BCBabylon
PisistratusTyrant of AthensAthens561 BC–556 BC
556 BC–546 BCRhaecelus
Arcesilaus IIIKing of CyreneCyrene518 BC–515 BCSamos
Lucius Tarquinius SuperbusKing of RomeRoman Kingdom509 BC–495 BCCaere, Clusium, Tusculum, and Cumae
Lycophron IITyrant of PheraePherae352 BC–after 352 BCAthens
ArybbasKing of EpirusEpirus343 BC–unknownAthens
Nectanebo IIPharaoh of EgyptEgypt342 BC–unknownUpper Egypt
Nubia
AeacidesKing of EpirusEpirus316 BC–313 BC
PyrrhusKing of EpirusEpirus302 BC–297 BC
Cleombrotus IIKing of SpartaSparta240 BC–unknownTegea
Cleomenes IIIKing of SpartaSparta222 BC–219 BCAlexandria, Ptolemaic Egypt
Demetrius III EucaerusKing of SyriaSeleucid Empire87 BC–after 87 BCParthia
Herod AntipasTetrarch of Galilee and PereaGalilee and Perea39 AD–after 39 ADGaul
Mithridates IIIKing of the BosporusBosporan Kingdom45–68Rome, Roman Empire
Julius NeposRoman EmperorWestern Roman Empire475–480Dalmatia
Romulus AugustulusRoman EmperorWestern Roman Empire476–after 511Campania (*Castellum Lucullanum*)
HeraclonasByzantine EmperorByzantine Empire641–642Rhodes
ZhongzongEmperor of the Tang dynastyTang dynasty684–698Fang Prefecture
Jun Prefecture
Justinian IIByzantine EmperorByzantine Empire695–702/703Cherson
Eadwulf IKing of NorthumbriaNorthumbria705–717Dál Riata or Pictland
JunninEmperor of JapanJapan764–765Awaji Island, Hyōgo Prefecture
AlhredKing of NorthumbriaNorthumbria774–unknownPictland
TelerigKhan of BulgariaBulgaria777–777Byzantine Empire
Æthelred IKing of NorthumbriaNorthumbria779–790
EcgberhtKing of WessexWessex789–802Frankish Empire
Osred IIKing of NorthumbriaNorthumbria790–792Isle of Man
OsbaldKing of NorthumbriaNorthumbria796–799Lindisfarne
EardwulfKing of NorthumbriaNorthumbria806–808Frankish Empire
Irene of AthensByzantine EmpressByzantine Empire802–803Lesbos
WiglafKing of MerciaMercia829–830
Theodora IIByzantine EmpressByzantine Empire857–867Gastria, Cyprus
SugandhaQueen of KashmirKashmir906–914Haskapura
Yahya IVEmir of MoroccoMorocco922–946Fatimid Caliphate
Constantine LekapenosByzantine EmperorByzantine Empire945–946/948Samothrace
Hassan IISultan of MoroccoMorocco974–985Caliphate of Córdoba
Otto OrseoloDoge of VeniceRepublic of Venice1026–1032Byzantine Empire
Casimir IDuke of PolandDuchy of Poland1034–1039Kingdom of Hungary (1000–1301)
Holy Roman Empire
Constantine IX MonomachosByzantine EmperorByzantine Empire1035–1042Lesbos
Bagrat IVKing of GeorgiaKingdom of Georgia1050–1053Byzantine Empire
Romanos IV DiogenesByzantine EmperorByzantine Empire1072–1072Proti
Sultan Shah ibn RadwanSultan of AleppoAleppo1118–after 1125
Władysław IIHigh Duke of Poland
Duke of SilesiaDuchy of Poland
Duchy of Silesia1146–1159Altenburg
SutokuEmperor of JapanJapan1156–1164Sanuki Province, Shikoku
Diarmait Mac MurchadaKing of LeinsterKingdom of Leinster1166–1167Kingdom of England
Kingdom of France
Dafydd ab Owain GwyneddKing of GwyneddKingdom of Gwynedd1197–1203Kingdom of England
Go-TobaEmperor of JapanJapan1221–1239Oki Province, Oki Islands
DemetriusKing of ThessalonicaKingdom of Thessalonica1224–1230Holy Roman Empire
Mitso AsenTsar of Bulgaria1257–before 1277/78Byzantine Empire
Ivan Asen IIITsar of Bulgaria1280–1303Golden Horde
George Terter ITsar of Bulgaria1292–1301Byzantine Empire
Al-Nasir MuhammadSultan of EgyptMamluk Sultanate1294–1299Al-Karak
1309–1310
Ivan IITsar of Bulgaria1300–before 1330Byzantine Empire
Christopher IIKing of DenmarkDenmark1326–1329Northern Germany
Ivan StefanTsar of Bulgaria1331–1373Flag of the Serbian Empire, reconstruction.svg Serbia
Kingdom of Naples
Go-DaigoEmperor of JapanJapan1331–1333Oki Province, Oki Islands
David IIKing of ScotsKingdom of Scotland1333–1341Kingdom of France
Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn OthmanSultan of MoroccoMorocco1348–1351High Atlas
Muhammad VSultan of GranadaEmirate of Granada1359–1362Morocco Morocco
Leo VKing of ArmeniaArmenian Kingdom of Cilicia1375–1393Mamluk Sultanate
Crown of Castile
Kingdom of France
GongyangKing of GoryeoRoyal flag of Goryeo (Bong-gi) (Fringeless).svg Goryeo1392–1394Wonju, Joseon
Samcheok, Joseon
Min Saw MonKing of ArakanKingdom of Mrauk U1406–1429Bengal Sultanate
Constantine IITsar of BulgariaFlag of Bulgaria (14th century).svg Tsardom of Vidin1422–1422Flag of the Serbian Despotate.svg Serbia
DanjongKing of JoseonJoseon1457–1457Yeongwol
Muhammad XIISultan of GranadaEmirate of Granada1492–1533Morocco Morocco
Piero de' MediciLord of FlorenceState Flag of the Republic of Florence.svg Florence1494–1503Republic of Venice
Kingdom of Naples
Eberhard IIDuke of WürttembergWuerttemberg Banner.svg Württemberg1498–1504Banner of the Palatinate.svg Electoral Palatinate
YeonsangunKing of JoseonJoseon1506–1506Ganghwa Island
TabarijiSultan of TernateSultanate of Ternate1535–1544Goa, Portuguese India
HairunSultan of TernateSultanate of Ternate1544–1546Goa, Portuguese India
Narapati IVKing of AvaKingdom of Ava1555–unknownPegu
Yousuf Shah ChakSultan of KashmirBlood Flag.svg Kashmir Sultanate1579–1580Mughal Empire
1586–1592Bihar, Mughal Empire
António IKing of Portugal1580–1595
Saidi BerkatSultan of TernateSultanate of Ternate1606–1628Flag of Cross of Burgundy.svg Spanish Philippines
Rory O'DonnellKing of TyrconnellTyrconnell1607–1608Flag of the Low Countries.svg Spanish Netherlands
Papal States
Khalifeh SoltanGrand Vizier of the Safavid EmpireSafavid Empire1632–1645Qom
NgarolamoSultan of TidoreSultanate of Tidore1634–1639Sultanate of Ternate
Charles IIKing of England and Ireland
King of ScotlandKingdom of England
Kingdom of Scotland
Kingdom of Ireland1651–1660
The Low Countries
Charles IIKing of England and Ireland
King of ScotlandKingdom of England
Kingdom of Scotland
Kingdom of Ireland1651–1660
The Low Countries
Richard CromwellLord ProtectorThe Protectorate1660–1680/81
Continental Europe
Govinda ManikyaMaharaja of TripuraTwipra Kingdom1661–1667Chittagong Hill Tracts
Kingdom of Mrauk U
James II and VIIKing of England and Ireland
King of ScotlandKingdom of England
Kingdom of Scotland
Kingdom of Ireland1688–1701
Chakdor NamgyalKing of Sikkim1700–1707Tibet
Charles XIIKing of SwedenSweden1709–1714
Vakhtang VIKing of KartliKingdom of Kartli1724–1737Russian Empire
Theodore IKing of CorsicaFlag of Corsica (before 1755).svg Kingdom of Corsica1736–1756Dutch Republic
Kingdom of Great Britain
Pasquale PaoliPresident of CorsicaCorsica Corsican Republic1769–1790Kingdom of Great Britain
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
1795–1807
Chaophraya Nakhon (Nu)King of Nakhon Si ThammaratNakhon Si Thammarat Kingdom1770–1776Flag of Thailand (Ayutthaya period).svg Thonburi Kingdom
Şahin GirayKhan of CrimeaCrimean Khanate1783–1787Russian Empire
Tenzing NamgyalKing of Sikkim1788–1793Tibet
Louis XVIIIKing of FranceKingdom of France1791–1814
Kingdom of Great Britain
Russian Empire
William I and VIKing of the Netherlands
Grand Duke of Luxembourg
Prince of Orange-NassauUnited Kingdom of the Netherlands
Luxembourg1795–1813Kingdom of Great Britain
Shah Shujah DurraniEmir of AfghanistanDurrani Empire1809–1839Punjab
Cornelio SaavedraPresident of the Primera JuntaUnited Provinces of the Río de la Plata1811–1815
Hamengkubuwono IISultan of YogyakartaYogyakarta Sultanate1812–1815Penang
1817–1826Ambon, Dutch East Indies
TenskwatawaLeader of Tecumseh's ConfederacyTecumseh's Confederacy1813–1824Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Canada
NapoleonEmperor of the French1814–1815Bandiera Elba.svg Elba
1815–1821United Kingdom Saint Helena
Sri Vikrama RajasinhaKing of KandyKingdom of Kandy1815–1832Vellore Fort, British India
Baji Rao IIPeshwaMaratha Confederacy1818–1851Bithur, British India
Ahmad Tajuddin IISultan of KedahFlag of Kedah (18th century - 1821).svg Kedah Sultanate1821–1842Penang Penang
Malacca
Bernabé AráozPresident of the Republic of TucumánBandera de la Ciudad de Bella Vista (Tucumán).svg Republic of Tucumán1823–1824Bandera de la Provincia de Salta.svg Salta, Río de la Plata
Agustín IEmperor of Mexico1823–1824Tuscany Tuscany
Charles XKing of France1830–1836
Louis XIX1830–1844
Henry V1830–1883
Charles IIDuke of Brunswick1830–1873
Pakubuwono VISusuhunan of SurakartaFlag of Sunanate of Surakarta.svg Surakarta Sunanate1830–1849Ambon, Dutch East Indies
Miguel IKing of Portugal1834–1847
1847–1851
1851–1866
Antonio López de Santa AnnaPresident of Mexico1836–1837
1845–1846Flag of Spain (1785–1873, 1875–1931).svg Cuba
1848–1853Colony of Jamaica
Republic of New Granada
1855–1864Flag of Spain (1785–1873, 1875–1931).svg Cuba
Flag of New Granada.svg Colombia
Flag of Denmark.svg St. Thomas
1864–1867Flag of Spain (1785–1873, 1875–1931).svg Cuba
Flag of Denmark.svg St. Thomas
1867–1874Flag of Spain (1785–1873, 1875–1931).svg Cuba
Pratap SinghChhatrapatiMaratha Confederacy1839–1847Benares State, Flag of the British East India Company (1801).svg British India
Joaquin Mora FernandezHead of State of Costa Rica1839–1842
Dost Mohammad KhanEmir of AfghanistanEmirate of Afghanistan1840–1842Mussoorie
Tomás BobadillaPresident of the Dominican Republic1844–1849
1868–1871Flag of Spain (1785–1873, 1875–1931).svg Puerto Rico
Louis Philippe IKing of the French1848–1850
Juan Manuel de RosasGovernor of Buenos Aires1852–1877
Duleep SinghMaharajaSikh Empire1854–1893
William Dappa Pepple IKing of BonnyKingdom of Bonny1854–1861
Wajid Ali ShahNawab of AwadhOudh State1856–1887Metiabruz, Bengal Presidency
Bahadur Shah IIMughal EmperorMughal Empire1857–1862British India
Birjis QadrNawab of AwadhOudh State1858–1887Kingdom of Nepal
Ali Bahadur IINawab of BandaBanda State1858–1873Indore State
Faustin IEmperor of HaitiSecond Empire of Haiti1858–1867Colony of Jamaica
Francisco DueñasPresident of El Salvador1859–1861
1861–1863
1872–1878
1878–1883
1883–1884
Rafael CampoPresident of El Salvador1862–1863
1870–1871
1872–1879
1880–1882
Bartolomé CalvoPresident of the Granadine Confederation1861–1876Flag of Spain (1785–1873, 1875–1931).svg Puerto Rico
José Antonio PáezPresident of Venezuela1863–1873
Eugenio AguilarPresident of El Salvador1863
Gerardo BarriosPresident of El Salvador1863–1865
George VKing of Hanover1866–1878
Napoleon IIIEmperor of the French1871–1873
Muhammad Khudayar KhanKhan of KokandKhanate of Kokand1875–1886Russian Empire
Emirate of Afghanistan
Abdullah IISultan of Perak1876–1894Flag of Mauritius (1869–1906).svg British Mauritius (Seychelles)
Michel DominguePresident of Haiti1876–1877Colony of Jamaica
Ismail PashaKhedive of EgyptKhedivate of Egypt1879–1895Kingdom of Italy
Ottoman Empire
CetshwayoKing of the Zulu NationZulu Kingdom1879–1883Cape Colony
Thibaw MinKing of BurmaKonbaung Dynasty Burma1885–1916British India British India
Fernando FigueroaPresident of El Salvador1885–1891Unknown
JajaKing of OpoboOpobo1887–1891
Flag of the British Windward Islands (1886-1903).svg British Windward Islands
Hàm NghiEmperor of VietnamNguyễn dynasty1888–1943Flag of France (1794–1815, 1830–1974).svg French Algeria
Pedro IIEmperor of Brazil1889–1891
KalemaKabaka of BugandaBuganda1889–1891Flag of Bunyoro, Uganda.svg Bunyoro
DinuzuluKing of the Zulu NationZulu Kingdom1890–1897
Yusuf Ali KenadidSultan of HobyoMajeerteen sultanate flag.jpg Sultanate of Hobyo1890–1911Aden Protectorate
Italian Eritrea
Dinah SalifouKing of the NaluNalu people1890–1897Flag of France (1794–1815, 1830–1974).svg French Senegal
BéhanzinKing of DahomeyKingdom of Dahomey1894–1906Flag of France (1794–1815, 1830–1974).svg Martinique
Flag of France (1794–1815, 1830–1974).svg French Algeria
Carlos EzetaPresident of El Salvador1894–1903Colombia
Mexico
GungunhanaKing of GazaGaza Empire1895–1906
Khalid bin BarghashSultan of ZanzibarFlag of the Sultanate of Zanzibar.svg Zanzibar1896–1927
Flag of Mauritius (1869–1906).svg British Mauritius (Seychelles)
Prempeh IKing of AshantiAshanti Kingdom1896–1924Flag of Sierra Leone (1889–1916).svg British Sierra Leone (1896–1900)
Flag of Seychelles (1903–1961).svg British Seychelles (1900–1924)
WobghoMogho Naba of OuagadougouOuagadougou1897–1904
Ranavalona IIIQueen of MadagascarFlag of the Merina Kingdom.svg Madagascar1897–1907Flag of France (1794–1815, 1830–1974).svg Réunion
Flag of France (1794–1815, 1830–1974).svg French Algeria
OvonramwenKing of BeninKingdom of Benin1897–1914Flag of the Southern Nigeria Protectorate (1900–1914).svg British Southern Nigeria
Manuel BarillasPresident of Guatemala1898–1907
Samori ToureWassoulou EmperorFlag of the Wassoulou Empire (Improved).svg Wassoulou Empire1898–1900Flag of France (1794–1815, 1830–1974).svg French Senegal
Flag of France (1794–1815, 1830–1974).svg French Gabon
Mwanga IIKabaka of BugandaBuganda1899–1903Flag of Seychelles (1903–1961).svg British Seychelles
Chwa II KabalegaOmukama of BunyoroFlag of Bunyoro, Uganda.svg Bunyoro1899–1924Flag of Seychelles (1903–1961).svg British Seychelles
Paul KrugerPresident of the South African RepublicSouth African Republic1900–1904
Agoli-agboKing of DahomeyKingdom of Dahomey1900–1910Flag of France (1794–1815, 1830–1974).svg French Gabon
Francis William ReitzPresident of the Orange Free StateOrange Free State1902–1907
Tirésias Simon SamPresident of Haiti1902–1908Flag of Denmark.svg Danish West Indies (Saint Thomas)
Mussa MolohKing of FuladuFuladu1903–1931Flag of The Gambia (1889–1965).svg British Gambia
Flag of Sierra Leone (1889–1916).svg British Sierra Leone
Thành TháiEmperor of VietnamFlag of Colonial Annam.svg French Annam1907–1954Flag of France (1794–1815, 1830–1974).svg French Cochinchina
Pierre Nord AlexisPresident of Haiti1908–1910Colony of Jamaica
Cipriano CastroPresident of Venezuela1909–1924
Mohammad Ali Shah QajarShah of Iran1909–1925(1909–1920)
(1920–1921)
(1921–1925)
José Santos ZelayaPresident of Nicaragua1909–1919
Manuel IIKing of Portugal1910–1932
Porfirio DíazPresident of Mexico1911–1915
Victoriano HuertaPresident of Mexico1914–1916
Guillermo BillinghurstPresident of Peru1914–1915
Abbas IIKhedive of EgyptKhedivate of Egypt1914–1944Ottoman Empire
Kingdom of Italy
Muhammad UsmanSultan of TernateSultanate of Ternate1915–1932Dutch East Indies (Java)
Duy TânEmperor of VietnamFlag of Colonial Annam.svg French Annam1916–1945Réunion
France
French Equatorial Africa
Alexander KerenskyPrime Minister of Russia1917–1970
Constantine IKing of the Hellenes1917–1920
1922–1923
Ferdinand ITsar of Bulgaria1918–1948
Wilhelm IIEmperor of Germany1918–1941
Nikola IKing of Montenegro1918–1921
Ludwig IIIKing of BavariaKingdom of Bavaria1918–1918Archduchy of Austria
1919–1920Flag of Hungary (1918–1919).svg First Hungarian Republic
Marie-AdélaïdeGrand Duchess of Luxembourg1919–1924Kingdom of Italy
Weimar Republic
Charles I and IVEmperor of Austria
King of Hungary1919–1921
1921–1922
Francisco BertrandPresident of Honduras1919–1926
Pavlo SkoropadskyiHetman of all UkraineUkrainian State1919–1945
Symon PetliuraChairman of the Directorate of Ukraine1920–1926
Sayid AbdullahKhan of KhivaKhanate of Khiva1920–1933Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
Mohamoud Ali ShireSultan of WarsengaliWarsangali Sultanate1920–1928Flag of Seychelles (1903–1961).svg British Seychelles
Faisal IKing of SyriaFlag of Kingdom of Syria (1920-03-08 to 1920-07-24).svg Arab Kingdom of Syria1920–1933
Jameel Al-MadfaaiPrime Minister of Iraq1920–1923
1941
Mahmud BarzanjiKing of KurdistanFlag of Kingdom of Kurdistan (1922-1924).svg Kurdistan1921–1922British India British India
1932–1941(Nasiriyah)
Carlos HerreraPresident of Guatemala1921–1930
Akaki ChkhenkeliPrime Minister of the Transcaucasian Democratic Federative RepublicTranscaucasian Democratic Federative Republic1921–1959
Noe ZhordaniaPrime Minister of GeorgiaDemocratic Republic of Georgia1921–1953
Nestor MakhnoOtaman of the MakhnovshchinaMakhnovshchina1921–1934Kingdom of Romania
Second Polish Republic
Danzig
French Third Republic
Mehmed VISultan of the Ottoman Empire1922–1926
Mahammad Amin RasulzadePresident of the Azerbaijani National CouncilAzerbaijan Democratic Republic1922–1955
IdrisChief of the Senussi Order
Emir of Cyrenaica
Emir of TripolitaniaItalian Cyrenaica1922–1947Kingdom of Egypt
King of Libya1969–1983
Ahmad Shah QajarShah of Iran1923–1930
Arturo AlessandriPresident of Chile1924–1925
George IIKing of the Hellenes1924–1935
1941–1945Kingdom of Egypt
Hussein bin AliKing of HejazKingdom of Hejaz1925–1930British Cyprus
Ali bin HusseinKing of HejazKingdom of Hejaz1925–1935
Abd el-KrimPresident of the Republic of the RifRepublic of the Rif1926–1963Réunion (1926–1947)
Kingdom of Egypt
Alfonso Quiñónez MolinaPresident of El Salvador1927–1936
Jorge MeléndezPresident of El Salvador1927–unknownCosta Rica
Amanullah KhanKing of AfghanistanKingdom of Afghanistan1929–1960British India British India
Washington LuísPresident of Brazil1930–1947
Carlos Ibáñez del CampoPresident of Chile1931–1937
Alfonso XIIIKing of Spain1931–1941
Arturo AraujoPresident of El Salvador1931–unknown
Pío Romero BosquePresident of El Salvador1933–1934
Tukojirao IIIMaharaja of DewasFlag of Dewas Senior State.png Dewas State1934–1937French India
PrajadhipokKing of Siam1935–1941
Niceto Alcalá-ZamoraPrime Minister of SpainSecond Spanish Republic1936–1949(1936–1942)
(1942–1949)
Haile Selassie IEmperor of EthiopiaEthiopian Empire1936–1941
Juan Bautista SacasaPresident of Nicaragua1936–1946
Yasin al-HashimiPrime Minister of Iraq1936–1937
Nuri al-SaidPrime Minister of Iraq1936–1937
1941
Edvard BenešPresident of Czechoslovakia1938–1945
Augustinas VoldemarasPrime Minister of Lithuania1938–1939
1940–1942
Edward VIIIKing of the United Kingdom1937–1972
Manuel AzañaPrime Minister of Spain
President of SpainSecond Spanish Republic1939–1940
Zog IKing of Albania1939–1961Metaxas Regime
Władysław SikorskiPrime Minister of Poland1939–1943
Haakon VIIKing of Norway1940–1945
Johan NygaardsvoldPrime Minister of Norway1940–1945
CharlotteGrand Duchess of Luxembourg1940–1945
WilhelminaQueen of the Netherlands1940–1945
Dirk Jan de GeerPrime Minister of the Netherlands1940–1941
Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy1940–1945
Hubert PierlotPrime Minister of Belgium1940–1945
Antanas SmetonaPresident of Lithuania1940–1944
Eduardo SchaererPresident of Paraguay1940–1941
Emmanouil TsouderosPrime Minister of Greece1941–1944Kingdom of Egypt
Abd al-IlahRegent of Iraq1941–1941
Rezā ShāhShah of Iran1941–1944Flag of Mauritius (1923–1968).svg British Mauritius
Sofoklis VenizelosPrime Minister of Greece1944Kingdom of Egypt
Georgios Papandreou1944–1945
Arnulfo Arias MadridPresident of Panama1941–1945, 1951–1960Latin America
1968–1978, 1984–1988
Moncef BeyBey of TunisFlag of Tunisia (1959–1999).svg Tunisia1943–1948Flag of France (1794–1815, 1830–1974).svg French Algeria
Maximiliano Hernández MartínezPresident of El Salvador1944–1955Honduras
1955–1966Honduras
Jorge UbicoPresident of Guatemala1944–1946
Isaías Medina AngaritaPresident of Venezuela1945–1953
Miklós HorthyRegent of Hungary1945–1957(1945–1949)
(1949–1957)
Peter IIKing of YugoslaviaKingdom of Yugoslavia1945–1970
Victor Emmanuel IIIKing of Italy1946–1947Kingdom of Egypt
Umberto IIKing of Italy1946–1983
Simeon IITsar of Bulgaria1946–1996
Leonardo Argüello BarretoPresident of Nicaragua1947–1947
Thawi BunyaketPrime Minister of Thailand1947–1957
Pridi BanomyongPrime Minister of Thailand1947–1947
1948–1971
Thawan ThamrongnawasawatPrime Minister of Thailand1947–1948
Teodoro Picado MichalskiPresident of Costa Rica1948–1960
José Bustamante y RiveroPresident of Peru1948–1955
Rómulo BetancourtPresident of Venezuela1948–1958
Rómulo GallegosPresident of Venezuela1948–1958
Michael IKing of Romania1948–1997
Sultan bin Salim Al QasimiRuler of Ras Al KhaimahRas al-Khaimah1948–1951Sharjah
Muhammad Mahabat Khan IIINawab of JunagadhJunagadh State1948–1959Dominion of Pakistan
Shukri al-QuwatliPresident of SyriaFirst Syrian Republic1949–1955Kingdom of Egypt
TribhuvanKing of NepalKingdom of Nepal1950–1951
Carlos Prío SocarrásPresident of CubaRepublic of Cuba (1902–1959)1952–1975
FaroukKing of Egypt1952–1965
Fuad II1952–present
Laureano GómezPresident of Colombia1953–1959
Mohammed VSultan of Morocco1953–1955(1953–1954)
(1954–1955)
Fawzi SeluPresident of Syria
Prime Minister of SyriaSyrian Republic1954–early 1960s
Husni al-BaraziPrime Minister of SyriaSyrian Republic1954–1975
Adib ShishakliPresident of Syria
Prime Minister of SyriaSyrian Republic1954–1964
Jacobo ÁrbenzPresident of Guatemala1954–1971
(1957–1960)
(1960–1965)
(1965–1971)
Juan PerónPresident of Argentina1955–1973(1955–1958)
Francoist Spain (1958–1973)
Mohammed Ben AarafaSultan of Morocco1955–1976Flag of International Tangier.svg Tangier
Bảo ĐạiEmperor of VietnamSouth Vietnam1955–1997
Paul MagloirePresident of Haiti1956–1986
Imre NagyPrime Minister of Hungary1956–1957(embassy)
Plaek PhibunsongkhramPrime Minister of Thailand1957–1964
Gustavo Rojas PinillaPresident of Colombia1957–1958or
Iskander MirzaPresident of Pakistan1958–1969
Marcos Pérez JiménezPresident of Venezuela1958–1963
1968–2001
Tenzin Gyatso[14th Dalai Lama](14th-dalai-lama)1959–present
Ghalib al-HinaiImam of OmanImamate of Oman1959–2009
Fulgencio BatistaPresident of CubaRepublic of Cuba (1902–1959)1959–1973
Anselmo Alliegro y MiláPresident of CubaRepublic of Cuba (1902–1959)1959–1961
Andrés Domingo y Morales del CastilloPresident of CubaRepublic of Cuba (1902–1959)1959–1979
Syngman RheePresident of South Korea1960–1965
José María LemusPresident of El Salvador1960–1993
Kigeli VKing of Rwanda1961–2016Tanganyika (1961–1964)
Joaquín BalaguerPresident of the Dominican Republic1962–1966
Manuel Prado UgartechePresident of Peru1962–1967
Albert KalonjiMulopweSouth Kasai1962–1964Francoist Spain
1965–?Europe
1997–2005France
Moïse TshombePresident of KatangaState of Katanga1963–1964Northern Rhodesia
Francoist Spain
Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the CongoDemocratic Republic of the Congo1965–1969Francoist Spain
Algeria
Juan BoschPresident of the Dominican Republic1963–1966
Abdullah AfeefPresident of the United Suvadive RepublicUnited Suvadive Republic1963–1993Seychelles
Nazim al-QudsiPresident of SyriaSyrian Republic1963–1998
Europe
Jordan
Khalid al-AzmPrime Minister of SyriaSyrian Republic1963–1965
Maamun al-KuzbariPrime Minister of SyriaSyrian Republic1963–1998
Maarouf al-DawalibiPrime Minister of SyriaSyrian Republic1963–2004
Jamshid bin AbdullahSultan of ZanzibarSultanate of Zanzibar1964–2020
Juscelino KubitschekPresident of Brazil1964–1967
Víctor Paz EstenssoroPresident of Bolivia1964–1978
1980–1982
SaudKing of Saudi Arabia1964–1969
João GoulartPresident of Brazil1964–1976(1964–1973)
(1973–1976)
Mohamed BoudiafChairman of the High Council of State1964–1992(Kenitra)
Fulbert YoulouPresident of the Republic of Congo1965–1972Democratic Republic of the Congo
Nguyễn KhánhPrime Minister of South Vietnam1965–2013
Saqr bin Sultan Al QasimiRuler of SharjahSharjah1965–1972Bahrain
Egypt
Mutesa IIPresident of Uganda
Kabaka of Buganda1966–1969
Kwame NkrumahPresident of Ghana1966–1972(1966–1971)
(1971–1972)
Mwambutsa IVKing of Burundi1966–1977Democratic Republic of the Congo
Ntare VKing of Burundi1966–1972
Shakhbut bin Sultan Al NahyanRuler of Abu DhabiAbu Dhabi1966–1970Pahlavi Iran
Amin al-HafizPresident of SyriaSyria1966–2003
Ba'athist Iraq
Salah al-Din al-BitarPrime Minister of SyriaSyria1966–1980
France
Constantine IIKing of the Hellenes1967–2013
Fernando Belaúnde TerryPresident of Peru1968–1980
Abd ar-Razzaq an-NaifPrime Minister of Iraq1968–1978
Muhammad al-BadrKing of YemenMutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen1969–1996
Norodom SihanoukPrime Minister of Cambodia1970–1993
Said bin TaimurSultan of Oman1970–1972
Moshoeshoe IIKing of LesothoLesotho1970–1970
1990–1992
Milton ObotePresident of Uganda1971–1979
1985–2005
Ahmad bin Ali Al ThaniEmir of Qatar1972–1977,
Son Ngoc ThanhPrime Minister of the Khmer Republic1972–1977
Mohammed Zahir ShahKing of Afghanistan1973–2002
Thanom KittikachornPrime Minister of Thailand1973–1976
Américo TomásPresident of Portugal1974–1980
Marcello CaetanoPrime Minister of Portugal1974–1980
António de SpínolaPresident of Portugal1974–1976
Makarios IIIPresident of Cyprus1974
Cheng HengPresident of the Khmer Republic1975–1992
Lon NolPresident of the Khmer Republic1975–1985
In TamPrime Minister of the Khmer Republic1975–2006
Nguyễn Văn ThiệuPresident of South Vietnam1975–2001
Trần Thiện KhiêmPrime Minister of South Vietnam1975–2021
Nguyễn Bá CẩnPrime Minister of South Vietnam1975–2009
Boun OumPrime Minister of LaosKingdom of Laos1975–1980
Alimirah HanfareSultan of AussaSultanate of Aussa1975–1991
Abdurrahim El-KeibPrime Minister of Libya1976–2011
Michel MicomberoPresident of Burundi1976–1983
James ManchamPresident of the Seychelles1977–1992
Arturo Armando MolinaPresident of El Salvador1977–1992
Abdul Hamid BakkushPrime Minister of Libya1977–2007
Ange-Félix PatasséPrime Minister of the Central African Empire1978–1979
1980–1981
1982–1992
President of the Central African Republic2003–2009
Jafar Sharif-EmamiPrime Minister of Iran1978–1998
Gholam Reza AzhariPrime Minister of Iran1978–2001
Ali AminiPrime Minister of Iran1979–1992
Shapour BakhtiarPrime Minister of Iran1979–1991
Mohammad Reza PahlaviShah of Iran1979–1980
Idi AminPresident of Uganda1979–2003(1979–1980)
(1980–2003)
Jean-Bédel Bokassa
(Bokassa I)Emperor of Central Africa1979–1986(1979–1983)
(1983–1986)
Fred DegazonPresident of Dominica1979–2008
Félix MalloumPresident of Chad1979–2002
Moktar Ould DaddahPresident of Mauritania1979–2001
Anastasio Somoza DebaylePresident of Nicaragua1979–1980
Carlos Humberto RomeroPresident of El Salvador1979–unknown
Pascal LissoubaPrime Minister of the Republic of the Congo1979–1990
President of the Republic of Congo1997–2020(1997–2004)
(2004–2020)
Ahmed Ben BellaPresident of Algeria1980–1990
Luís CabralPresident of Guinea-Bissau1980–2009(1980–1984)
(1984–2009)
Johan FerrierPresident of Suriname1980–2010
Ali ZeidanPrime Minister of Libya1980–2012
Isabel PerónPresident of Argentina1981–present
Abolhassan BanisadrPresident of Iran1981–2021
Yusuf ZuayyinPrime Minister of SyriaSyria1981–2016
Luis García MezaPresident of Bolivia1981–1995
Jean Nguza Karl-i-BondFirst State Commissioner of Zaire1981–1985
Prime Minister of Zaire1996–2003
Henk Chin A SenPresident of Suriname1982–1995
Dương Văn MinhPresident of South Vietnam1983–2001
Jules SedneyPrime Minister of Suriname1983–1987
Ahmadou AhidjoPresident of Cameroon1983–1989
Nguyễn Văn LộcPrime Minister of South Vietnam1983–1992
Benazir BhuttoPrime Minister of Pakistan1984–1987
1999–2007
Gaafar NimeiryPresident of Sudan1985–1999
Goukouni OueddeiPresident of Chad1985–2007
Saeb SalamPrime Minister of Lebanon1985–1994
Jean-Claude DuvalierPresident of HaitiHaiti Haiti1986–2011
Ferdinand MarcosPresident of the Philippines1986–1989
Tito OkelloPresident of Uganda1986–1993
Jean-Baptiste BagazaPresident of Burundi1987–1993
1998–2002
Henri NamphyPresident of Haiti1988–2018
Vũ Văn MẫuPrime Minister of South Vietnam1988–1998
Ahmed al-MirghaniPresident of Sudan1989–2001
Alfredo StroessnerPresident of Paraguay1989–2006
Erich HoneckerGeneral Secretary1989–1994(1989–1991)
(1991–1992)
(1993–1994)
Hissène HabréPresident of Chad1990–2021
Jabir III al-Ahmad al-Jabir al-SabahEmir of Kuwait1990–1991
Michel AounPresident of Lebanon1990–2005
Amine GemayelPresident of Lebanon1990–2000
Jean-Bertrand AristidePresident of Haiti1991–1994
2004–2011(2004)
(2004–2011)
Siad BarrePresident of Somalia1991–1995(1991)
(1991–1995)
Chatichai ChoonhavanPrime Minister of Thailand1991–1992
Mengistu Haile MariamPresident of Ethiopia1991–present
Sultan Ali KeshtmandChairman of the Council of Ministers of AfghanistanDemocratic Republic of Afghanistan1991–present
Alan GarcíaPresident of Peru1992–2001
Ayaz MutallibovPresident of Azerbaijan1992–2012
Mohammad NajibullahPresident of Afghanistan1992–1996(mission)
Joseph Saidu MomohPresident of Sierra Leone1992–2003
Didier RatsirakaPresident of Madagascar1993–1996
2002–2011
Jorge Serrano ElíasPresident of Guatemala1993–present
Alikram HummatovPresident of the Talysh-Mughan Autonomous RepublicTalysh-Mughan1993–present
Théodore SindikubwaboPresident of Rwanda1994–1998Zaire (until 1997)
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Ali Salem al-BeidhPresident of the Democratic Republic of YemenFlag of South Yemen.svg Democratic Republic of Yemen1994–2026
Dawda JawaraPresident of the Gambia1994–2002
Abdumalik AbdullajanovPrime Minister of Tajikistan1994–present
Khalifa bin Hamad Al ThaniEmir of Qatar1995–2004
Carlos Salinas de GortariPresident of Mexico1995–1999
Faustin TwagiramunguPrime Minister of Rwanda1995–2003
2003–2023
Sylvestre NtibantunganyaPresident of Burundi1996–1997(embassy)
Valentine StrasserHead of State of Sierra Leone1996–2000
Burhanuddin RabbaniPresident of AfghanistanIslamic State of Afghanistan1996–2001Northern Alliance
Abdalá BucaramPresident of Ecuador1997–2017
Ahmad Tejan KabbahPresident of Sierra Leone1997–1998
Mobutu Sese SekoPresident of Zaire1997–1997
Akezhan KazhegeldinPrime Minister of Kazakhstan1997–present
Joachim Yhombi-OpangoPresident of the Republic of Congo1997–2007
Norodom RanariddhPrime Minister of Cambodia1997–1998
2007–2008
Nawaz SharifPrime Minister of Pakistan1999–2007
2019–2023
Henri Konan BédiéPresident of Ivory Coast1999–2001
Pavlo LazarenkoPrime Minister of Ukraine1999–present
João Bernardo VieiraPresident of Guinea-Bissau1999–2005
Jamil MahuadPresident of Ecuador2000–present
Pierre-Célestin RwigemaPrime Minister of Rwanda2000–2011
Alberto FujimoriPresident of Peru2000–2007(2000–2005)
(2005–2007)
André KolingbaPresident of the Central African Republic2001–2003
2003–2010
Mullah OmarSupreme Leader of AfghanistanIslamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)2001–2013Islamic Republic of Afghanistan Zabul Province, Afghanistan (in hiding)
Abdul KabirActing Prime Minister of AfghanistanIslamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)2001–2021Pakistan
Gonzalo Sánchez de LozadaPresident of Bolivia2003–present
Charles TaylorPresident of Liberia2003–2006
Martin ZiguéléPrime Minister of the Central African Republic2003–2005
Jean-Paul NgoupandéPrime Minister of the Central African Republic2003–2005
Gustavo NoboaPresident of Ecuador2003–2005
Norodom SihanoukKing of Cambodia2004–2012
Askar AkayevPresident of Kyrgyzstan2005–present
Nikolai TanayevPrime Minister of Kyrgyzstan2005–2020
Lucio GutiérrezPresident of Ecuador2005–2005
Ian SmithPrime Minister of Rhodesia/2005–2007
Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed TayaPresident of Mauritania2005–present(2005)
(2005–present)
Thaksin ShinawatraPrime Minister of Thailand2006–2008
2008–2023
Pervez MusharrafPresident of Pakistan2008–2013
2016–2023
Marc RavalomananaPresident of Madagascar2009–2014(2009)
(2009–2014)
Manuel ZelayaPresident of HondurasHonduras2009–2011(2009)
(2010–2011)
Kurmanbek BakiyevPresident of Kyrgyzstan2010–present
Zine El Abidine Ben AliPresident of Tunisia2011–2019
Amadou Toumani TouréPresident of Mali2012–2017
François BozizéPresident of the Central African Republic2013–2019
Michel DjotodiaPresident of the Central African Republic2014–2020
Tom ThabanePrime Minister of LesothoAugust–September 2014
Viktor YanukovychPresident of Ukraine2014–present
Mykola AzarovPrime Minister of Ukraine2014–present
Mikheil SaakashviliPresident of Georgia2014–2021
Mauricio FunesPresident of El Salvador2014–2025
Blaise CompaoréPresident of Burkina Faso2014–present
Abd Rabbuh Mansur HadiPresident of Yemen2015–present
Yahya JammehPresident of the Gambia2017–present
Rafael CorreaPresident of Ecuador2017–present
Yingluck ShinawatraPrime Minister of Thailand2017–present
Yevgeny ShevchukPresident of Transnistria2017–present
Nikola GruevskiPrime Minister of MacedoniaMacedonia2018–presentHungary
Evo MoralesPresident of Bolivia2019–2020
Guillaume SoroPrime Minister of Ivory Coast2019–present
Salvador Sánchez CerénPresident of El Salvador2020–present
Juan Carlos IKing of Spain2020–present
Ashraf GhaniPresident of AfghanistanIslamic Republic of Afghanistan2021–present
Ian KhamaPresident of Botswana2021–2024
Gotabaya RajapaksaPresident of Sri LankaSri LankaJuly–September 2022
Paul-Henri Sandaogo DamibaInterim President of Burkina FasoBurkina Faso2022–present
Succès MasraPrime Minister of Chad2022–2023
Jair BolsonaroPresident of BrazilBrazil2022–2023
Joseph KabilaPresident of the Democratic Republic of the CongoDemocratic Republic of the Congo2023–2025
Ernest Bai KoromaPresident of Sierra Leone2024–present
Sheikh HasinaPrime Minister of Bangladesh2024–present
Bashar al-AssadPresident of SyriaBa'athist Syria2024–present
Andry RajoelinaPresident of MadagascarMadagascar2025–present
Umaro Sissoco EmbaloPresident of Guinea-BissauGuinea-Bissau2025–presentSenegal
Republic of the Congo

Notes

References

References

  1. Geoghegan, Tom. (2011-04-14). "BBC News – What happens to deposed leaders?". Bbc.co.uk.
  2. [http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?pid=S0718-090X2007000200003&script=sci_arttext Exile Communities and Their Differential Institutional Dynamics: A Comparative Analysis of the Chilean and Uruguayan Political Diasporas] Revista de ciencia política (Santiago)
  3. Koifman, Fábio. Presidentes do Brasil – de Jânio a Lula. 2. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Rio, 2003
  4. (25 August 2023). "Ex-Pakistan PM Nawaz to return home in October after 4-year exile". La Prensa Latina Media.
  5. (10 March 2019). "Fugitive Taliban leader Mullah Omar 'lived close to US bases'". [[BBC News]].
  6. (8 September 2021). "Analysis: How Are the Taliban Organized?". [[Voice of America]].
  7. España, Sara. (2021-02-17). "Fallece el expresidente de Ecuador Gustavo Noboa, artífice de la estabilización del país tras la crisis de 1999".
  8. (9 January 2023). "Brazil's Capitol Riot Shows the Strength of Bolsonarism After Bolsonaro". [[Foreign Policy]].
  9. Boadle, Anthony. (2023-03-31). "Bolsonaro lands back in Brazil to lead right-wing opposition".
  10. (5 August 2024). "Euphoria in Bangladesh after PM Sheikh Hasina flees country". [[British Broadcasting Corporation.
  11. Staff, Al Jazeera. "Guinea-Bissau’s deposed president travels to Congo’s Brazzaville: Reports".
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