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List of countries by suicide rate

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List of countries by suicide rate

None

A map of global suicide rates, age-standardized per 100,000 population, 2021.

Please note that in some countries and territories, suicide rates appear high because they have populations of fewer than 100,000 people, which causes distortions in the rates. | | | | | | |

The following are lists of countries by estimated suicide rates as published by the World Health Organization (WHO) and other sources.

In many countries, suicide rates are underreported due to social stigma, cultural or legal concerns. Thus, these figures may not reflect actual suicide rates, which are unknown in many countries.

The global total of suicide deaths decreased from an estimated 762,000 in 2000 to 717,000 in 2021, which is 9.1 deaths per 100,000 population. In high-income countries, male and female rates of suicidal behaviors differ compared to the rest of the world: while women are reportedly more prone to suicidal thoughts, rates of suicide are higher among men, which has been described as a "silent epidemic".

In 2021, the global rate of suicide deaths for men was 12.3 per 100,000, more than double the rate for women, which stood at 5.9 per 100,000 population. However, the sex disparity was uneven across regions, with a male-to-female ratio ranging from as low as 1.4 in the Southeast Asia Region to nearly 4.0 in the Region of the Americas.

As such, suicide rates may be higher than measured, with men more at risk of dying by suicide than women across nearly all cultures and backgrounds. Suicide prevention and intervention is an important topic for all peoples, according to the WHO.

Countries and territories by suicide rate

Background Suicide rates vary by country but occurs in all regions of the world. In a 2024 WHO report, 73% of reported suicides were in low and middle-income countries. Mental illness and suicide are linked, though many suicides are impulsive and occur due to crisis. Groups subject to discrimination, including refugees, indigenous populations, and LGBTQ people, experience high suicide rates. Societal and cultural taboos around the discussion of topics of suicide and lack of quality suicide data are impeding factors in suicide prevention. Suicide prevention includes such measures as restricting access to methods, responsible media reporting, and treatment and assessment of suicidal people.

CountryRegion2021AllMaleFemaleM/F
****9.212.45.92.1
uspeftAfrica28.741.416.62.5
uspeftAmericas24.839.910.43.8
uspeftAfrica27.24510.14.5
uspeftOceania17.5314.86.5
uspeftOceania19.831.18.63.6
uspeftAmericas22.330.5142.2
uspeftAfrica17.323.611.72.0
uspeftAfrica22.335.49.93.6
uspeftAfrica10.615.662.6
uspeftAfrica9.214.743.7
uspeftEurope21.436.78.14.5
uspeftAsia20.628.213.62.3
uspeftOceania15.724.76.63.7
uspeftAfrica8.411.25.52.0
uspeftEurope22.136.79.24.0
uspeftAmericas24.839.910.53.8
uspeftAsia14.624.45.34.6
uspeftAsia18.532.24.86.7
uspeftEurope21.237.76.95.4
uspeftOceania19.629.29.63.0
uspeftAfrica13.219.47.22.7
uspeftEurope15.627.75.15.4
uspeftEurope11.317.162.9
uspeftEurope15.227.54.66.0
uspeftAfrica8.513.53.53.9
uspeftAfrica7.4122.64.6
uspeftAfrica14.925.34.26.0
uspeftAfrica9.314.643.7
uspeftAfrica89.86.11.6
uspeftOceania121772.4
uspeftAmericas15.624.76.53.8
uspeftAfrica7.111.23.13.6
uspeftAfrica8.51343.3
uspeftEurope18.929.97.73.9
uspeftEurope18.426.210.72.4
uspeftAfrica8.613.93.63.9
uspeftAfrica710.23.52.9
uspeftEurope14.620.58.82.3
uspeftAfrica5.37.432.5
uspeftAfrica7.3122.45.0
uspeftAsia12.613.811.21.2
uspeftAsia14.724.25.94.1
uspeftAfrica7.111.13.13.6
uspeftAfrica8.112.53.93.2
uspeftAfrica8.813.73.93.5
uspeftAfrica7.711.63.93.0
uspeftEurope13.818.98.72.2
uspeftAfrica4.818.93.55.4
uspeftAsia14.719.69.82
uspeftEurope14.124.855.0
uspeftAfrica7.711.53.92.9
uspeftEurope14.925.15.84.3
uspeftAfrica89.66.41.5
uspeftEurope16.526.27.53.5
uspeftAfrica6.710.13.33.1
uspeftAfrica6.17.84.51.7
uspeftOceania13.119.56.72.9
uspeftAmericas7.810.65.12.1
uspeftEurope11.914.49.31.5
uspeftAfrica4.66.72.52.7
uspeftEurope15.725.16.93.6
uspeftAfrica6.810.433.5
uspeftAfrica7.612.52.94.3
uspeftAfrica5.38.32.33.6
uspeftAfrica5.58.82.33.8
uspeftEurope14.523.65.74.1
uspeftAmericas9.414.24.73.0
uspeftOceania11.917.96.12.9
uspeftAmericas13.823.54.35.5
uspeftAfrica4.55.932.0
uspeftEurope13.218.97.42.6
uspeftEurope1418.99.22.1
uspeftAsia10.113.37.21.8
uspeftAsia5.683.22.5
uspeftEurope16.624.19.52.5
uspeftAsia8.111.14.92.3
uspeftAfrica4.86.53.12.1
uspeftOceania8.311.25.32.1
uspeftEurope13.321.25.73.7
uspeftAfrica6.19.13.12.9
uspeftAfrica8.712.84.82.7
uspeftEurope9.917.135.7
uspeftEurope13.724.13.86.3
uspeftEurope11.515.47.62.0
uspeftAfrica6.18.73.52.5
uspeftEurope8.512.64.62.7
uspeftAmericas7.611.43.92.9
uspeftAfrica10.51836.0
uspeftEurope8.212.14.32.8
uspeftAfrica67.54.51.7
uspeftAsia6.810.53.13.4
uspeftAmericas13.322.24.64.8
uspeftAsia8.310.66.11.7
uspeftEurope12.918.47.62.4
uspeftEurope913.74.72.9
uspeftAsia9.310.58.11.3
uspeftAfrica5.17.52.72.8
uspeftAmericas7.912.63.43.7
uspeftAmericas7.712.33.14.0
uspeftAfrica4.25.52.82.0
uspeftAsia16.628.25.55.1
uspeftEurope15.12382.9
uspeftAfrica4.36.31.73.7
uspeftAmericas7.612.52.64.8
uspeftAmericas4.26.81.54.5
uspeftEurope5.19.51.37.3
uspeftEurope10.514.76.32.3
uspeftAmericas8.113.52.84.8
uspeftAfrica683.92.1
uspeftEurope9.616.43.35.0
uspeftAfrica2.93.42.41.4
uspeftEurope11.517.75.93.0
uspeftAsia7.310.44.32.4
uspeftAsia4.76.61.54.4
uspeftEurope5.87.93.82.1
uspeftAsia4.25.62.82.0
uspeftEurope9.514.74.63.2
uspeftAfrica58.41.55.6
uspeftAmericas5.39.31.37.2
uspeftAmericas4.262.42.5
uspeftAfrica7.912.13.93.1
uspeftAsia8.910.37.51.4
uspeftEurope9.515.24.23.6
uspeftAmericas4.97.12.82.5
uspeftAmericas6.484.71.7
uspeftAmericas7.612.63.23.9
uspeftAsia6.810.33.52.9
uspeftAsia4.66.52.62.5
uspeftAsia3.64.82.42.0
uspeftAsia5.78.82.24.0
uspeftAsia4.56.32.72.3
uspeftAfrica2.73.71.72.2
uspeftAsia0.91.10.71.6
uspeftEurope6.58.44.41.9
uspeftAsia2.43.61.32.8
uspeftAmericas711.62.64.5
uspeftEurope8.713.14.52.9
uspeftAsia1.72.50.46.3
uspeftAsia4.46.32.42.6
uspeftAsia4.15.82.32.5
uspeftAmericas4.26.91.54.6
uspeftAsia4.96.22.42.6
uspeftAfrica3.23.92.41.6
uspeftAsia34.41.52.9
uspeftAmericas4.26.91.74.1
uspeftAsia4.76.20.87.8
uspeftAsia3.64.82.32.1
uspeftAfrica57.22.72.7
uspeftAsia0.91.40.27.0
uspeftOceania4.763.51.7
uspeftEurope710.53.62.9
uspeftEurope1.62.30.82.9
uspeftAsia2.83.621.8
uspeftAmericas57.92.13.8
uspeftEurope2.83.22.31.4
uspeftEurope4.77.91.64.9
uspeftOceania1.82.21.41.6
uspeftAfrica0.60.90.33.0
uspeftAmericas3.35.90.87.4
uspeftEurope33.82.21.7
uspeftAfrica1.82.51.22.1
uspeftAsia2.94.814.8
uspeftAmericas3.35.615.6
uspeftAsia0.70.90.61.5
uspeftAsia1.52.20.37.3
uspeftAmericas1.52.30.82.9
uspeftEurope2.54.214.2
uspeftAsia2.33.60.312.0
uspeftAfrica2.231.32.3
uspeftAmericas350.95.6
uspeftAsia1.21.50.91.7
uspeftAsia35.20.68.7
uspeftAsia3.55.21.82.9
uspeftEurope2.74.31.13.9
uspeftAmericas1.730.47.5
uspeftAfrica0.91.30.43.3
uspeftAsia0.60.90.33.3
uspeftAmericas8.615.427.7
uspeftAsia0.60.90.33.0
uspeftAmericas0.40.80-
uspeftAmericas1.31.90.72.7
uspeftAmericas3.56.316.3
uspeftAmericas1.51.61.31.2

Analysis

Income group (% of global pop)Suicides, 2012
(in thousands)Global %Rate
(2012)Male:Female
(2012)
High-income countries (18.3%)19724.5%**12.7**3.5 : 1
Upper-middle-income countries (34.3%)19223.8%**7.5**1.3 : 1
Lower-middle-income countries (35.4%)33341.4%**14.1**1.7 : 1
Low-income countries (12.0%)8210.2%**13.4**1.7 : 1
*Global* (100.0%)804100.0%**11.4**1.9 : 1

Male and female suicide rates are out of the total male population and total female population, respectively, i.e. total number of male suicides divided by the total male population. Age-standardized rates account for the influence that different population age distributions might have on the analysis of crude death rates, statistically addressing the prevailing trends by age-groups and populations' structures, to enhance long term cross-national comparability.

Based on age-groups' deviation from standardized population structures, rates are rounded up or down (age-adjustment). Basically, the presence of younger individuals in any given age structure carries more weight. If the rate is rounded up, that means the median age is lower than average for that region or country, and vice versa when rounded down.

Most countries listed above report a higher male suicide rate. Worldwide, there are about 3 male suicides out of 4, or a factor of 3:1. For example, the ratio in the United States was 3.36 in 2015, and 3.53 in 2016.

Though age-standardization is common statistical process to categorize mortality data for comparing purposes, this approach by WHO is based on estimates which take into account issues such as under-reporting, resulting in rates differing from the official national statistics prepared and endorsed by individual countries. Revisions are also performed periodically. Age-adjusted rates are mortality rates that would have existed if all populations under study had the same age distribution as a "standard" population. Plain, crude estimated rates are available at here and here. Countries with a population less than 100 000 are excluded.

Countries with large internal discrepancies are complicated to assess. Canada, a country with a comparatively low suicide rate overall at 10.3 incidents per 100,000 people in 2016, exhibits one such discrepancy. When comparing the suicide rate of Indigenous peoples in Canada, the rate of suicide increases to 24.3 incidents per 100,000 people in 2016, a rate among the ten highest in the world. There are numerous differences in living standards and income that contribute to this phenomenon, classed as an epidemic in Canada.

List by other sources and years (1985–2023)

doi-access = free}}</ref>

In the list below various sources from various years are included, mixing plain crude rates with age-adjusted rates and estimated rates, so cross-national comparability is somewhat skewed.

***** indicates "Suicide in COUNTRY or TERRITORY" or "Mental Health in COUNTRY or TERRITORY" links.

CountryMaleFemaleOverallSources and year
us*eft (Danish Realm)75.0825.1853.342019
us*eft32.26.718.6url=https://www.15min.lt/gyvenimas/naujiena/sveikata/savizudybiu-lietuvoje-mazeja-kokie-pokyciai-tai-leme-interviu-su-suicidologijos-tyrimu-centro-vadovu-1028-1268224title=Savižudybių statistika;publisher=15minaccess-date=18 August 2020}}
us*eft35.916.226.02021
us*eft41.2510.2025.52title=Trying To Stop Suicide: Guyana Aims To Bring Down Its High Ratewebsite=NPR.orgdate=29 June 2018url=https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/06/29/622615518/trying-to-stop-suicide-guyana-aims-to-bring-down-its-high-rateaccess-date=19 July 2019}}
us*eft40.688.0123.812017
us*eft18.092016
us*eftlast=Wijesirifirst=Lioneltitle=Rising suicide rate: too many questions, not enough answerswebsite=Daily Newsdate=8 September 2018url=http://www.dailynews.lk/2018/09/08/features/161979/rising-suicide-rate-too-many-questions-not-enough-answersaccess-date=19 July 2019}}14.62018
us*eft17.982016
us*eft20.52017
us*eft (estimate)20.1date=5 December 2023title=自殺死亡及自殺通報統計url=https://dep.mohw.gov.tw/DOMHAOH/cp-4904-8883-107.htmlaccess-date=1 May 2017website=衛生福利部language=zh}}
us*eft22.42016
us*eft37.29.923.32022
us*eft18.562016
us*eft15.92016
us*efttitle=Tables, Graphs and Maps Interface (TGM) tablewebsite=Eurostaturl=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/tgm/refreshTableAction.do?tab=table&plugin=0&pcode=tps00122&language=enaccess-date=19 July 2019}}13.522016
us*eft17.02016Recently released figures by official Belgian authorities suggest a considerably higher rate of 17.0 persons (total) per 100,000 people per annum in 2009 (5,712 cases in a population of 10,749,000 (=10,666,866 as of 1 January 2008 increasing by 0,77% per annum.) as of 1 January 2009).The number of death in Belgium in 2008 due to suicide "zichzelf schade toebrengen" was reported at 2000 out of a total of 103.760 death. These death comprise 1453 men and 547 women. This puts the suicide rate at about 19 per 100.000. See statbel: http://statbel.fgov.be/nl/binaries/NL%20-%20Tableau%201%2E3_T_2008_tcm325-168456.pdf
us*eft23.110.116.5url=https://www.mhlw.go.jp/content/H30kakutei-03.pdftitle=厚生労働省分野別の政策一覧福祉・介護生活保護・福祉一般自殺対策自殺統計各年の状況平成30年中における自殺の状況第3章 平成30年中における自殺の内訳33p 補表1-1 年次別自殺者数、34p 補表2-1 年齢階級別自殺者数の推移、35p 補表2-2 年齢階級別自殺死亡率publisher=mhlw.go.jpaccess-date=11 October 2019}}
us*eft (government data)21.011.616.22022
us*eft16url=http://hzjz.hr/sluzbe/sluzba-za-epidemiologiju/odjel-za-nadzor-i-istrazivanje-ne-zaraznih-bolesti/odsjek-za-mentalne-poremecaje-s-registrom-za-psihoze-i-registrom-izvrsenih-samoubojstavatitle=Odsjek za mentalne poremećaje s registrom za psihoze i registrom izvršenih samoubojstavapublisher=HZJZlanguage=hrarchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160328063250/http://hzjz.hr/sluzbe/sluzba-za-epidemiologiju/odjel-za-nadzor-i-istrazivanje-ne-zaraznih-bolesti/odsjek-za-mentalne-poremecaje-s-registrom-za-psihoze-i-registrom-izvrsenih-samoubojstavaarchive-date=28 March 2016}}
us*eft12.162017
us*eft23.87.113.692016
us*eft15.42005
us*eft14.31title=EU statistics: Death due to suicide, by genderurl=http://www.stat.ee/57205url-status=deadarchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114111400/http://www.stat.ee/57205archive-date=14 November 2012publisher=Statistics Estoniadate=2012access-date=26 April 2013}}
us*eft13.722023
us*eft23.94.814.42005
us*eft22.36.914.26url=http://www.findikaattori.fi/en/10title=Number of suicides 1921-2014, Statistics Finlanddate=30 December 2015}}
* us*eft*10.33title=Suicide in the World- Table 2 - Suicide by gender and age groups in WHO regions, estimates for 2008date=2 March 2012pmc=3367275pmid=22690161doi=10.3390/ijerph9030760volume=9issue=3journal=Int J Environ Res Public Healthpages=760–71last1 = Värnikfirst1 = Pdoi-access=free }}
us*eft21.86.014.5title=Suicide and Self-Inflicted Injury-FastStatswebsite=Centers for Disease Control and Preventiondate=27 June 2019url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/suicide.htmaccess-date=16 July 2019}}
us*eft12.28title= Seasonality of Suicides among Victims Who Are under the Influence of Alcoholjournal= International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Healthyear= 2019publisher=MDPIdoi= 10.3390/ijerph16152806last1= Lasotafirst1= Dorotalast2= Pawłowskifirst2= Witoldlast3= Krajewskifirst3= Pawełlast4= Staniszewskafirst4= Annalast5= Goniewiczfirst5= Krzysztoflast6= Goniewiczfirst6= Mariuszvolume= 16issue= 15page= 2806pmid= 31390817pmc= 6696555doi-access= free}}
us*eft13.72017
us*eft13.6last=SRNAtitle=BiH: Prošle godine ubilo se 507 lica, od čega 16 maloletnikaurl=http://pressrs.ba/sr/vesti/vesti_dana/story/13986/BiH%3A+Pro%C5%A1le+godine+ubilo+se+507+lica,+od+%C4%8Dega+16+maloletnika.htmlarchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927131931/http://pressrs.ba/sr/vesti/vesti_dana/story/13986/BiH%3A+Pro%C5%A1le+godine+ubilo+se+507+lica,+od+%C4%8Dega+16+maloletnika.htmlurl-status=deadarchive-date=27 September 2013access-date=4 December 2012newspaper=SRNAdate=16 April 2012}}
us*eft11.42020
us*efturl=https://www.destatis.de/DE/Publikationen/Thematisch/Gesundheit/Todesursachen/Todesursachen2120400137004.pdf?__blob=publicationFilelanguage=detitle=Health - Causes of Death in Germanyyear=2013}}11.292016
us*eft19.05.512.32008
us*eft9.242016
us*eft19.05.812.32014–15
us*eft16.28.812.32011
us*eft11.73title=Dödsorsaker 2012trans-title=Causes of Death 2012website=www.socialstyrelsen.se - 6 August 2013.pdfurl=http://www.socialstyrelsen.se/Lists/Artikelkatalog/Attachments/19175/2013-8-6.pdfpublisher=Statistics Swedendate=2013language=sv, enaccess-date=13 September 2014archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141019045751/http://www.socialstyrelsen.se/Lists/Artikelkatalog/Attachments/19175/2013-8-6.pdfarchive-date=19 October 2014url-status=dead }}
us*eft8.95url=http://www.spsuicidologia.pt/sobre-o-suicidio/estatisticatitle=Estatística - Sociedade Portuguesa de Suicidologiaauthor=Sociedade Portuguesa de Suicidologiaaccess-date=25 May 2016archive-date=5 December 2014archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141205101948/http://www.spsuicidologia.pt/sobre-o-suicidio/estatisticaurl-status=dead}}
us*eft10.132016
us*eft12.082016
us*eft11.22018
us*eft16.95.311.52009
us*eft12.3url=http://www.mbl.is/mm/frettir/innlent/2010/09/21/36_fellu_fyrir_eigin_hendi/title= 36 died from own handaccess-date=21 September 2010work=Hagstofa Íslands/Statistical Bureau of Icelandpublisher=Morgunblaðiðyear=2010}}
us*eft18.24.211.22007
us*eft175.811.22011
us*eft18.06.012.02015
us*eft17.93.810.72006
us*eft13.07.810.52009
us*eft17.43.410.32013
us*eft13.37.310.32012
us*eft20.16.313.12019
us*eft7.482016
us*eft9.82014
us*eft9.52019
us*eft14.13.68.82009
us*eft13.83.58.61998
us*eft12.74.18.32013
us*eft12.63.98.02009
us*eft12.93.68.02008
us*eft12.73.88.02016
us*eft10.65.27.91990
us*eft13.22.97.82008
us*eft12.63.07.72008
us*eft10.53.67.12009
us*eft11.81.96.82008
us*eft10.21.96.12009
us*eft9.72.586.032013
us*eft8.63.15.852011
us*eft9.92.15.82007
us*eft9.02.65.82006
us*eft9.01.95.52008
us*eft6.341.904.122019
us*eft7.92.04.92007
us*eft7.72.04.82008
us*eft7.02.34.72005
us*eft4.62008
us*eft7.11.74.32009
us*eft4.73.34.02003
us*eft6.81.34.02008
us*eft3.842011
us*eft4.03.53.82006
us*eft6.60.73.72008
us*eft5.41.93.72008
us*eft5.12.03.62008
us*eft5.91.33.62009
us*eft5.61.73.62008
us*eft7.30.03.52006
us*eft6.11.03.52009
us*eft5.91.03.42008
us*eft3.92.13.42013
us*eft4.51.02.752005
us*eft2.92.32.62001
us*eft4.90.02.42005
us*eft3.90.72.32005
us*eft2.81.11.92008
us*eft1.91.71.82009
us*eft1.90.61.22005
us*eft1.450.711.102012
us*eft1.10.60.92000
us*eft0.01.80.91987
us*eft1.00.30.62007
us*eft0.70.00.32005
us*eft0.30.00.11990
us*eft0.20.00.11985
us*eft0.20.00.12008
us*eft0.10.00.12009
us*eft0.00.00.02008
us*eft0.00.00.01995
us*eft0.00.00.01995
us*eft0.00.00.02003
us*eft0.00.00.02003

Explanatory notes

  • The updated figure of suicide rates in Belgium for 2011 is 2,084 with a total population of 10,933,607, equivalent to 18.96 per 100,000 inhabitants (source: Het Nieuwsblad, 10 April 2014).
  • Taiwan is not a member of the WHO. The Taiwanese government adopted the WHO standard in 2007. According to the Taiwanese government's self-released data, the figure is standardized based upon the population within Taiwan.

References

References

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  29. "National Statistical Committee of the Republic of Belarus (for 2017);". Belstat.
  30. (2017). "The effectiveness of suicide prevention programmes: urban and gender disparity in age-specific suicide rates in a Taiwanese population". Elsevier BV.
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  34. "En Uruguay los suicidios son la principal causa de muerte entre los 15 y 44 años".
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  36. "Tables, Graphs and Maps Interface (TGM) table".
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  39. [http://www.mhlw.go.jp/toukei/saikin/hw/jinkou/tokusyu/suicide04/12.html 厚生労働省>白書・統計>各種統計調査>厚生労働統計一覧>1.人口・世帯>人口動態統計特殊報告>自殺死亡統計>12. 統計表>第1表 総死亡数・死亡率(人口10万対)・自殺死亡数・死亡率(人口10万対)の年次推移]
  40. "厚生労働省>分野別の政策一覧>福祉・介護>生活保護・福祉一般>自殺対策>自殺統計>各年の状況>平成30年中における自殺の状況>第3章 平成30年中における自殺の内訳>33p 補表1-1 年次別自殺者数、34p 補表2-1 年齢階級別自殺者数の推移、35p 補表2-2 年齢階級別自殺死亡率". mhlw.go.jp.
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  58. (2013). "Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention".
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  63. (2010). "36 died from own hand". Morgunblaðið.
  64. statistique, Office fédéral de la. "Développement durable".
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  70. (27 June 2015). "Suicides and suicide rate, by sex and by age group, Spain".
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  79. Based on a population of 180.4 million in 2012 ([http://www.prb.org/pdf12/2012-population-data-sheet_eng.pdf Population Reference Bureau]), a sex ratio of 1.06 males/female (CIA World Factbook, 2013) and figures from '[http://hrcp-web.org/hrcpweb/wp-content/pdf/AR2012.pdf State of Human Rights in 2012] {{Webarchive. link. (19 March 2015 ' by the [[Human Rights Commission of Pakistan]]: 1,976 persons committed suicide in 2012 across the country of which 626 were women.)
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