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List of aviation pioneers

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Aviation pioneers are people directly and indirectly responsible for the creation and advancement of human flight capability, including people who worked to achieve manned flight before the invention of aircraft, as well as others who achieved significant "firsts" in aviation after heavier-than-air flight became routine. Pioneers of aviation have contributed to the development of aeronautics in one or more ways: through science and theory, theoretical or applied design, by constructing models or experimental prototypes, the mass production of aircraft for commercial and government request, achievements in flight, and providing financial resources and publicity to expand the field of aviation.

Table key

Pioneer type

Science: Contributions to aerodynamic theory, aviation principles, discoveries advancing aircraft development, etc.
Design: Original or derivative ideas or drawings for conceptual/experimental/practical methods of air travel
Construction: Building prototypes/experimental/practical aircraft
Manufacture: Building aircraft to fill commercial or government requests
Aviator: International firsts, major records, major awards received
Support: Significant industrial endorsements, philanthropic, founding of relevant organizations, etc.
(†) : A dagger following the pioneer's name indicates they died in or as a result of an aircraft accident. When available, the aircraft type/model and the place of the accident are included in the text.

Sorting

The table is organized by pioneer name in alphabetical order. Columns for Name, Date of birth/Date of death, Country and Achievement can be sorted in either ascending or descending order. If two pioneers are paired together, sorting by DOB or Country uses the information for the first of the pair. The Achievement column will sort according to the date of the pioneer's earliest significant contribution to aviation.

Inclusion criteria

The list is of outright records, irrespective of race, nationality or gender, and in which at least one of the following criteria is met:

Scientific contribution to theory and principles (whether correct or not) that were used as contemporary resources, building blocks, or influenced period thought, significant scientific or theoretical achievements with model aircraft;
Designing any aircraft (pre-1910), or a distinct/innovative new design;
Constructing a prototype aircraft (pre-1910);
Manufacturing aircraft (including some direct or supervisory control over design) for commercial and/or military contracts (intended to represent founders of the aviation industry);
Flying (Aviator) solo in an aircraft and receiving a relevant flying certificate (pre-1910); or any significant national (e.g., a flight representing a country's first) or international achievement, or flight award (initial record holders or demolishing existing records, but not simply breaking established records);
Supporting aviation (e.g., positive publicity; personal, corporate and/or philanthropic sponsorship, education).

Table

† indicates died in an air accident

Name	Date of birth
Date of death	Country
birth
(work)	Pioneer	Type	Achievements
	4 Feb 1841
5 Mar 1925	France	Science
Design
Construction
Manufacture
Aviator	Propeller	First brief uncontrolled powered flight (“hop”) for 50 m (160 ft), 20 cm (8 in) from the ground in steam-powered Éole (9 Oct 1890), designed, constructed and tested Ader Avion II (1893) and Ader Avion III (14 Oct 1897).
	1757
1799	Spain	Science
Design
Construction	Glider	Reportedly glided c. 400 m distance at c. 5 m height using his own invention (15 May 1793).
†
and
Arthur Brown	5 Nov 1892
18 Dec 1919
and
23 Jul 1886
4 Oct 1948	England
(Great Britain)
Scotland
(Great Britain)	Aviator	Propeller	First non-stop transatlantic flight in a modified Vickers Vimy (14/15 June 1919); (†) Vickers Viking, Rouen, France, en route to Paris.

Juan Pablo
and
Eduardo	14 Sep 1893
4 Oct 1962
and
27 Oct 1894
10 Nov 1968	Mexico	Science
Design
Construction	Glider
Propeller	First Mexican aviators to graduate from the Moissant School; Juan Pablo was the first to fly over the Statue of Liberty (12 Mar 1913). They also helped contribute to improve aerodynamics by designing a "thick wing" long before other inventors.
†	unk
c. 1005	Kazakhstan	Design
Construction
Aviator	Pre-history
Glider	(†) attempted flight from the roof of the Nishapur Mosque in Khorosan (c. 1005).
†	12 Oct 1883
25 Aug 1912	China
(United States, China)	Design
Construction
Aviator	Propeller	Often called the "Father of Chinese Aviation", Feng Ru designed, built, and flew the first Chinese-made airplane in Oakland, California in 1909. He returned to China in 1911 to support the Xinhai Revolution, where he continued aircraft development. (†) Died in an air accident during a demonstration flight in Guangzhou, China, in 1912.
	2 Jan 1882
7 Aug 1948	Canada	Design
Construction
Manufacture
Aviator	Propeller	Chief Engineer, Aerial Experiment Association (1907–09); first powered flight by a Canadian in the Red Wing (12 Mar 1909); co-designer Red Wing (1908), White Wing (1908), and Silver Dart (1909); with J.A.D. McCurdy (and financial support from Alexander Graham Bell) formed the Canadian Aerodrome Company (1909), Canada's first aircraft manufacturing company.
	1895
1927	Spain	Aviator	Breguet XIX	First raid between Spain and Philippines (5 May 1926).
	21 Sep 1895
9 Dec 1936	Spain	Aviator and aeronautical engineer	Autogyro or gyrocopter	Invented the autogyro, the predecessor of the modern helicopter (9 Jan 1923). De la Cierva's flapping hinge overcame the problems of early rotor-winged flight, and is the basis of the modern helicopter rotor.
	3 Mar 1847
2 Aug 1922	Scotland
(United States)
(Canada)	Science
Design
Construction
Support	Glider
Propeller	Founder and chair, Canadian-American aeronautical research group Aerial Experiment Association (AEA) (30 Sep 1907 – 31 Mar 1909); in 1908 and 1909, the AEA designed, constructed, and flew four powered aircraft: the Red Wing, White Wing, June Bug, and Silver Dart; technical innovations include the tricycle landing gear and the wingtip aileron.
	25 Nov 1857
3 Jan 1923	United States
(United States)
(Canada)	Support	n/a	Financial sponsorship, Aerial Experiment Association (1907–09).
	19 Mar 1886
26 Dec 1960	Italy
(Italy)
(United States)	Design
Construction
Manufacture	Propeller	Bellanca Flying School (1912–16); designed first enclosed monoplane cabin (1917); founded Bellanca Aircraft Company (1927).
†	12 Jul 1891
7 Jul 1919	Switzerland	Aviator
Support	Propeller	First crossing of the Pyrenees (24 Jan 1913); Swiss airmail flight (9 Mar 1913); first crossing of the Alps (13 May 1913); (†) Nieuport 21, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
Bladud	9th Century BC	unknown	Design
Construction
Aviator	Pre-history
Glider	According to Historia Regum Britanniae (written c. 1138 by Geoffrey of Monmouth), Bladud, a legendary King of Britain, made wings from feathers and attempted a flight (852 BC).
	1 Jul 1872
1 Aug 1936	France	Design
Construction
Manufacture
Aviator	Propeller	First airplane (Blériot VII) with a modern layout : monoplane, conventional tail, fully covered fuselage, front propeller / enclosed engine (1907). First to use a combination of hand/arm-operated joystick and foot-operated rudder control. First heavier-than-air crossing of the English Channel in a Blériot XI (25 Jul 1909). First actual industrial aircraft manufacturer - By the end of September 1909, orders had been received for 103 Blériot type XI. Just two years later 500 Blériots has been sold.
	29 Mar 1888
9 Jan 1963	Italy
(United States)	Science
Design
Construction
Manufacture	Propeller
Rotor	Founder, American Aeronautical Corporation (1928); designer, Budd BB-1 Pioneer (1931), the first stainless-steel airplane; co-designer of the Pedaliante ("Pedal Glider") (1936), the first human-powered aircraft; subsequent improvements (combined with a catapult-assisted launch) led to a 1 km (0.62 mi) flight 9 m (29.5 ft) from the ground (18 Mar 1937).
	4 Oct 1894
15 Nov 1948	England
United States
Japan	Aviator	Propeller	First flight from Newfoundland to New York (1919); organised the Japanese Naval Air Arm (1921-1924); first Air Superintendent of Imperial Airways (1924);
	9 Apr 1887
3 Jun 1951	Argentina	Design
Construction
Aviator	Balloon	First crossing of the Andes in a (coal gas-filled) balloon (24 Jun 1916); set numerous ballooning records: duration (28 hours 10 minutes); distance 900 km (559 mi).
†	18 Feb 1892
18 Aug 1916	France	Aviator	Propeller	Finished first (but did not win) the Geisler Challenge Trophy (1913); long distance champion ; (†), Vadelaincourt, France (shot down).
†	23 May 1881
15 Nov 1924	Portugal	Aviator	Propeller	Director, Naval Aviation Services (1918); first aerial crossing of the South Atlantic with Gago Coutinho using a Fairey III-D (30 Mar – 17 Jun 1922); († disappeared) , English Channel crossing.
	27 Dec 1773
15 Dec 1857	England	Science
Design
Construction	Glider
Propeller
Rotor	Experimented in aeronautics at age 13 with a Chinese top (1796); first design of a fixed-wing aircraft (1799); used a whirling arm to test aerofoils at varying angles (1804); presented a paper outlining specific design parameters for building a glider (1810); designed, constructed, and had flown (short hop) a tri-plane (1849). Cayley was one of the most significant pioneers in aviation history.
†	25 Jan 1889
28 Mar 1911	Italy
(Italy)
(France)	Aviator	Propeller	Flew around the Eiffel tower (19 Mar 1911); (†) (Bleriot airplane), near Puteaux, France.
	1609
1640	Turkey	Design
Construction
Aviator	Glider	Reportedly achieved sustained unpowered flight for 3.36 km (2 mi) (c. 1638).
	17th century	Turkey	Design
Construction
Aviator	Rocket	Reported to have achieved flight (20 seconds to an elevation of roughly 300 meters) using a winged rocket powered by gunpowder (c. 1630s).
	7 Jun 1886
25 Nov 1972	Romania
(France)
(Great Britain)
(Romania)	Science
Design
Construction	Glider
Propeller
Jet	Designed Coandă-1910 with a propeller-less aero-reactive engine, exhibited Paris Air Show (Oct 1910), followed by a claimed but generally discounted first flight (16 Dec 1910); before WWI designed the Bristol-Coanda Monoplanes in Great Britain; discovered Coandă effect (1930).{{#tag:ref	Quote from Coanda: “A poet is a man who sees abstract worlds and tries to bring them in the concrete world. In this regard I believe that any inventor, engineer or scientist, regardless of
†	6 Mar 1867
7 Aug 1913	United States
(United States)
(Great Britain)	Design
Construction
Aviator	Glider
Propeller	Developed and flew human-lifting kites; kite instructor for the Royal Engineers (1904); contributed to the development of the British Army Dirigible No 1 Nulli Secundus (1907); first flight of a piloted airplane in Great Britain (16 Oct 1908, 1,390 ft); issued Royal Aero Club certificate No.10 (14 Jun 1910); (†) Cody Floatplane, with passenger William Evans, Aldershot, England.
	4 Jun 1895
1 Nov 1965	Switzerland	Design
Manufacture	Propeller	Swiss pilot's license (1908); partner and chief pilot Ad Astra Aero (1920); designed and built aircraft (1923–35); established an aviation school (1946–50).
	17 Feb 1869
18 Feb 1959	Portugal	Aviator	Propeller	First aerial crossing of the South Atlantic using a Fairey III-D with Artur de Sacadura Cabral (30 Mar – 17 Jun 1922); developed a sextant-type instrument to create an artificial horizon.
	21 May 1878
23 Jul 1930	United States
(United States)
(Canada)	Design
Construction
Manufacture
Aviator	Propeller
Rotor	Director of Experiments, Aerial Experiment Association (1907–09); designed the June Bug (1908) and won the Scientific American Trophy (4 Jul 1908) by making the first official one-kilometer flight in North America; co-designer Red Wing (1908), White Wing (1908), and Silver Dart (1909); founded his own company (1909) which became the Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company (1916); designed, built, and flew the first successful flying-boat (12 Jan 1912); established Canada's first aviation training school in Toronto (1915); awarded the Langley Gold Medal (1913).
	1844	France
(India)	Design
Construction
Aviator	Propeller	First reported flight in Asia (Madras, India) (10 Mar 1910) in a self-constructed biplane.
	18 Jul 1823
4 Nov 1890	France	Science(?)
Design
Construction
Aviator	Propeller	With his brother, built a monoplane which (accelerating down a slope) “staggered briefly into the air” (1874), considered by some to be the powered take-off or hop of a powered fixed-wing aircraft.{{cite web	url= http://www.ctie.monash.edu.au/hargrave/du_temple.html
Bertram Dickson	21 Dec 1873
28 Sep 1913	United Kingdom	Aviator	Propeller	First British serviceman to fly [1910]; gained Aero-Club de France license no. 81 on 12 April.

and
Henri Dufaux	13 Jan 1883
17 Jul 1941
and
18 Sep 1879
25 Dec 1980	Switzerland	Design
Construction
Aviator	Propeller
Rotor	Working together patented a design for a helicopter (1904), constructed and demonstrated a working model (13–17 Apr 1905); designed and built the first Swiss airplanes, including the biplane Dufaux 4 and Dufaux 5; Armand set a new over-water distance record of 66 km (41 mi) crossing Lake Geneva (28 Aug 1910).
	1875
24 Aug 1949	Ireland	Science
Design
Construction
Aviator	Glider(?)
Propeller	Discussed aeronautics and aviation with H.G. Wells (c. 1901); member Royal Engineers, working on design and construction of the first British military airplane (1906–08); in secret military trials, and with a career goal of improving stability during flight, Dunne's aircraft flew approximately 40 meters (1908); development of his V-shaped swept wing design significantly advanced flight stability.
†	24 Jul 1897
7 Jul 1937	United States	Aviator
Support	Propeller	First female aviator to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean and set many other records; she was one of the first aviators to promote commercial air travel, wrote best-selling books about her flying experiences, and was instrumental in the formation of The Ninety-Nines, an organization for female pilots. Disappeared during a flight on a Lockheed Electra 10E from Lae Airfield to Howland Island.
Eilmer of Malmesbury	c. 984
unknown	Design
Construction
Aviator	Pre-history
Glider	Reportedly flew 200 meters from a tower using rigid wings (c. 1005).
†	21 Oct 1886
19 Oct 1911	United States	Aviator	Propeller	First airplane (Curtiss Model D) take-off from a ship (USS Birmingham (14 Nov 1910); first landing (Curtiss Model D) on a ship (USS Pennsylvania) using a tailhook (18 Jan 1911); (†) , Macon, Georgia, flight exhibition.
	20 Nov 1868
1 Jul 1957	Germany	Design
Manufacture
Aviator	Propeller	Built Voisin Freres aircraft (1908); first German pilot's license (1909); German flight duration record (3hr 6min 18sec) (1910).
	27 Jul 1892
14 May 1919	Switzerland	Construction
Aviator
Support	Propeller	Constructed and piloted the first aircraft in Switzerland (10 May 1910); first Swiss pilot's license (10 Oct 1910).
	26 May 1874
17 Jul 1958	France	Design
Construction
Manufacture
Aviator	Propeller	Winner (in the Voisin-Farman No.1) of the Deutsch-Archdeacon Prize (13 Jan 1908); with brothers Richard and Maurice founded Farman Aviation Works (1908).
†	8 Feb 1862
22 Sep 1909	France	Design
Construction
Aviator
Support	Glider
Propeller	Attempted (unsuccessfully) to replicate the Wright 1901 Glider from photographs; designed a series of aircraft (Ferber I through Ferber IX) for the Antoinette Company; designed, constructed, and flew the first tractor configuration biplane (May 1905); (†) Voisin biplane, Boulogne, France.
	6 Apr 1890
23 Dec 1939	Dutch East Indies
(Germany)
(Netherlands)
(United States)	Design
Construction
Manufacture
Aviator(?)	Propeller	Designed, built, and flew the "Spin" (31 Aug 1911); involved with the Luftstreitkräfte during WWI; constructed a machine gun synchronizer (22 Apr 1915), leading to an aviation period known as the Fokker Scourge; founded the US-based Atlantic Aircraft Corporation (1924) to manufacture his product in the United States.
†	1 April 1892
26 Jan 1947	Netherlands	Aviator	Propeller	title=Wie de mannen der K.L.M. waren, die vielen	url=https://leiden.courant.nu/issue/NLC/1947-01-27/edition/0/page/3	access-date=13 April 2023	work=Nieuwe Leidsche Courant	date=27 January 1947	page=3	language=nl}} awarded the 1926 Harmon National Trophy for the Netherlands; captain of the first intercontinental charter flight (1927). Died in the [1947 KLM Douglas DC-3 Copenhagen disaster](1947-klm-douglas-dc-3-copenhagen-disaster).
	11 Jun 1874
18 Feb 1951	United States	Design
Construction	Propeller	(Based largely on self-report and a 1936 interview) Tethered glider flight (1893); free glider flight (1894); (claimed in 1927) controlled steam-powered aircraft flight (15 May 1902); all records, papers, and aircraft were destroyed in a fire; opened first commercial airfield (15 Mar 1907).
	20 Jan 1888
8 Jan 1980	Norway
(Norway)
(Great Britain)	Aviator	Propeller	First flight across the North Sea (30 Jul 1914), four hours ten minutes from Cruden Bay, Scotland to Klep (near Stavanger), Norway in a Blériot monoplane.
	12 Nov 1884
14 Apr 1963	Switzerland	Design
Construction
Aviator	Propeller	Designed and built aircraft for Ernest Failloubaz and his record-setting flight (1910); first snow takeoff and landing using skis (2 Feb 1912); first water takeoff in a Swiss seaplane (4 Aug 1912).
	c. 1701	Italy	Design
Construction	Glider	Italian monk reported to have flown from Calais to London in a bird-shaped airship with a 22-foot wingspan (Oct 1751).
Lawrence Hargrave	29 Jan 1850	United Kingdom	Science	Glider	Invented the Box Kite (1893), greatly improving lift to drag ratio. Reached lift of 16 feet under a train of four of his box kites (1894). Invented a rotary engine (1889), which was much used in early aviation.
	3 Aug 1867
17 Jul 1926	United States	Design
Construction	Glider
Propeller	Assisted S.P. Langley (May – Nov 1895); test pilot for Octave Chanute; designed the Herring regulator; designed and constructed a compressed-air motorized biplane and reported a 15-meter hop (10 Oct 1898) and a 22-meter hop (12 Oct 1898); business partners with Glenn Curtiss (1909).
	24 Dec 1905
5 Apr 1976	United States	Design
Manufacture
Aviator
Support	Propeller	Founded Hughes Aircraft (1932); set record for flying around the world (91 hours) in a Lockheed Super Electra (1938); received the Congressional Gold Medal (1939) for achievements in aviation; majority stockholder in TWA (1939).
	6 Jan 1895
16 Jul 1969	Turkey	Design
Construction
Aviator	Propeller	Constructed and flew (15 minutes) the first airplane in Turkey (Vecihi K-VI) (28 Jan 1925); founded Turkey's first flying school (27 Sep 1932).
	810
887	Spain	Design
Construction
Aviator	Pre-history
Glider	A 9th-century polymath covered himself with feathers and wings, and “flew faster than the phoenix in his flight when he dressed his body in the feathers of a vulture” (c. 875).
	3 Feb 1873
8 Dec 1933	Germany	Design
Construction
Aviator	Propeller	Made an “aerial leap” (18 meters) in a powered airplane (18 Aug 1903);
	3 Feb 1859
3 Feb 1935	Germany	Science
Design
Construction
Manufacture	Propeller	Engineer, thermodynamicist, pioneer developer of practical all-metal airframe structures, first used in the 1915-16 Junkers J 1, using all-cantilever structural concepts meant to place all strength-bearing components within an airframe's outer envelope and established all-metal aircraft manufacturing techniques later used by American designer William Bushnell Stout and Soviet designer Andrei Tupolev after World War I.
	29 Jul 1836
24 Feb 1913	Russia
(Austria)	Science
Design
Construction
Aviator	Glider
Propeller	Developed a successful rubber-band powered model of a hang glider (1877); designed aircraft control stick (1900); executed short hops over water in his Drachenflieger (1901).
	1631
1687	Italy	Science
Design	Pre-history
Balloon(?)	Designed an airship based on the theory of using evacuated metal spheres to create a lighter-than-air vehicle (1670).
	22 Aug 1834
27 Feb 1906	United States	Science
Design
Construction	Propeller	Designed and developed the Aerodrome No. 5 as a successful steam engine powered model which flew for 90 seconds covering roughly 3,300 ft (6 May 1896); conversion into a larger piloted aircraft was unsuccessful (1903).
	4 Feb 1883
1 Oct 1974	United States	Science
Support	n/a	United States diplomat, head of State Department's early aviation committees; aviation specialist during Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry S. Truman administrations. Also Chairman of United States Section at the International Technical Committee of Aerial Legal Experts.
†	23 May 1848
10 Aug 1896	Germany	Science
Design
Construction
Manufacture
Aviator	Glider	Designed and constructed a monoplane Derwitzer Glider (1891); after nearly 2,000 flights he constructed a two-surfaced glider (1895); (†) Glider crash (9 Aug 1896), Gollenberg, Germany.
	4 Feb 1902
26 Aug 1974	United States	Aviator
Support	Propeller	First solo non-stop flight across the Atlantic Ocean from New York to Paris in the Spirit of St. Louis (20/21 May 1927).
	26 Jul 1904
7 Sep 1981	United States	Science
Design
Support	n/a	Inventor of the Link Trainer flight simulator (1929); received Royal Aeronautical Society Wakefield Gold Medal (1947).
	19 Nov 1711
15 Apr 1765	Russian Empire	Science
Design
Construction	Rotor	Designed and constructed a model of a coaxial propeller helicopter (Jul 1754) to lift meteorological instruments.
	18 Jan 1882
19 Nov 1950	United States	Aviator
Design
Manufacture	Propeller	Early pilot (1911) and barnstormer. Designed and manufactured numerous airplane models including the Longren AK with the first semi-monocoque body.
†	15 Feb 1875
20 Dec 1915	United States	Aviator	Propeller	Began flying at age 52 (1912); Curtiss Exhibition Flyers (1913–15); winner, Round-Manhattan Race (13 Oct 1913); (†) critically injured (6 Sep 1915) in Sturgeon Falls, ON, Canada.
†	1879
18 July 1906	United States	Aviator	Glider	American pioneering aviator and test pilot who made the first high-altitude flights by man using Montgomery gliders in 1905. (†) Glider, Santa Clara, California.
	5 Feb 1840
24 Nov 1916	United States
(United Kingdom)	Science
Design
Construction	Rotor
Propeller	Patented a design for a steam-powered “flying machine” (1889, and refined in 1891); successful track-tethered test of a steam-engine powered biplane (Jul 1894); designed and constructed a biplane that never flew (1910)
	2 Aug 1886
25 Jun 1961	Canada	Design
Construction
Manufacture
Aviator	Glider
Propeller	Treasurer & Assistant Engineer, Aerial Experiment Association (1907–09); first controlled powered flight in Canada "Silver Dart" (23 Feb 1909); with "Casey" Baldwin (and financial support from Alexander Graham Bell) formed the Canadian Aerodrome Company, Canada's first aircraft manufacturing company.
	2 Apr 1894
9 May 1937	Switzerland	Science
Aviator
Support(?)	Propeller	Director and head pilot of Ad Astra Aero, later becoming Swissair; first north-south crossing of Africa (7 Dec 1926 – 21 Feb 1927); pioneer of aerial photography (Spitsbergen, 1923; Mount Kilimanjaro, 1929); personally flew/delivered a Fokker to Emperor Haile Selassie I (1934).
†	15 Feb 1858
31 Oct 1911	United States	Science
Design
Construction
Aviator	Glider	Designed and constructed a series of early gliders, first to achieve unpowered controlled flight in the United States (1884). Designed tandem-wing gliders flown from high-altitude balloon launches (1904–1905), including first public flight exhibition in United States (29 April 1905). Developed pitcheron systems for control (first developed and applied in 1886, re-applied in 1911); (†) Glider, Evergreen, California.
†	8 Jun 1886
29 Apr 1920	England	Design
Construction
Aviator	Propeller	Designed, constructed, and flew a monoplane ("Moonbeam") (early to mid-1910); the meadows of North Stoneham Farm which he used to take-off and land would later become Southampton Airport; (†) Flying boat, Felixstowe, England.
	8 Feb 1884
17 May 1964	England	Aviator	Propeller	Holder of Royal Aero Club certificate No. 1.
	21 Mar 1825
1 Apr 1890	Finland	Science
Design
Construction	Glider
Propeller	Designed and constructed a steam-engine powered airplane that reportedly flew (hopped) (20–30 meters) with the assistance of a ramp (1884).
	28 Oct 1895
29 Mar 1958	United States	Aviator	Propeller	First non-stop trans-Pacific flight (5 Oct 1931).
	14 May 1891
1969	Great Britain	Flight trainer
Aviator	Glider
Propeller	Founded the South Coast Flying club. Trained British pilots during world War I and World War II.
	3 Dec 1877
29 Jul 1953	New Zealand	Design
Construction
Aviator	Propeller	Reportedly achieved powered (but poorly controlled) flight (31 Mar 1903).
	1845
1924	England	Science
Design
Construction	Glider
Propeller	Aeronautic theory: advancement of wind-tunnel design (1880s), development of aerofoil design, patented as “blades for deflecting air” (1884 and 1891); designed multiplanes with multiple sets of lifting surfaces, patented (1890), constructed (1893); first powered “hop-flight” (500 ft) in Great Britain (1907).
†	16 Jan 1866
1 Oct 1899	England	Science
Design
Construction
Aviator	Glider	Designed and constructed hang-glider (The Bat), first to achieve unpowered controlled flight in Great Britain (12 Sep 1895); (†) crash-related injuries suffered on 30 Sep 1899, glider (The Hawk), near Stanford Hall, England.
	26 Feb 1884
22 Oct 1919	Ireland
(Ireland)
(Great Britain)	Design
Construction
Manufacture
Aviator	Propeller	Aero Club de France aviator certificate (28 Jul 1911); test pilot (1913–14); began to design and construct (with Glen Curtiss) an aircraft capable of transatlantic flight (1914); testing was successful, but the flight was cancelled due to the outbreak of World War I. Royal Naval Air Service, Squadron Commander, RAF Hendon (1914); secret U.S. visit as an official envoy testing aircraft for the British Government (Sep 1915). Commander, Royal Naval Airstation Felixstowe, conducted flying-boat research; designed and constructed the Porte Baby (1916).
	25 Dec 1873
4 Oct 1952	United States	Flying
Supporting
Propeller	Original founder of Aero Club of America which later became the National Aeronautic Association. Thirteenth man to fly solo, in 1908. Served as aid to Glenn Curtiss and co-authored The Curtiss Aviation Book published in 1912. Participated in Aerial Experiment Association. Served as official timer for Orville Wright’s record setting 57 minute flight at Ft. Myer, Virginia on September 9, 1908.
†	6 Jun 1886
9 Jan 1911	Austria-Hungary
(Slovenia)
(Croatia)	Design
Construction
Aviator	Propeller	Designed, constructed, and flew the first airplane in Slovenia (25 Nov 1909); (†) , Belgrade, Serbia; first Serbian air exposition.
	8 July 1883
5 Feb 1931	United Kingdom	Aviator	Propeller	One of the first four British naval officers to train as a pilot; first to fly an airplane (a Short S.27 biplane) off a moving ship (HMS Hibernia (May 1912).
	20 Jul 1873
23 Jul 1932	Brazil
(France)	Science
Design
Construction
Manufacture
Aviator
Support	Balloon
Airship
Propeller	Winner, Deutsch Prize (19 Oct 1901); first powered winged aircraft flight in Europe (13 Sep 1906); winner, Archdeacon Cup (23 Oct 1906) and Aéro-Club de France Prize (12 Nov 1906); designed a light-weight monoplane Demoiselle and released the second variant (No. 20) from copyright or license (late 1909).
	27 Jun 1876
23 Aug 1966	Austria-Hungary (Serbia)	Design
Construction	Propeller
Rotor	First public flight in Serbia (then Austro-Hungary) (16 Oct 1910).
†	8 Feb 1882
17 Sep 1908	United States
(United States)
(Canada)	Design
Construction
Aviator	Airship
Propeller	Secretary, Aerial Experiment Association (1907–09); U.S. Army Lieutenant who assisted the AEA in engineering, designing and piloting the Red Wing; first U.S. Military officer to pilot a powered aircraft White Wing (19 May 1908); first fatality of powered flight (17 Sep 1908).
	25 May 1889
26 Oct 1972	Russian Empire
(Russia)
(United States)	Science
Design
Construction
Manufacture
Aviator	Propeller
Rotor	Designed and constructed the first four-engine aircraft, the Russky Vityaz cabin biplane, flew (13 May 1913); and the Ilya Muromets, prototype for a commercial airplane (1914); first brief flight in a practical helicopter (14 Sep 1939).
Sir †	9 Feb 1897
8 Nov 1935	Australia
(Great Britain)
(United States)
(Australia)	Aviator	Propeller	First transpacific flight from the United States to Australia in the Southern Cross (31 May – 9 Jun 1928); first non-stop Australian transcontinental flight (Aug 1928); first trans-Tasman flight (10/11 Sep 1928); († disappeared) Lady Southern Cross, over the Bay of Bengal.
	18 Jan 1888
27 Jan 1989	England	Design(?)
Construction
Manufacture
Aviator	Propeller	Royal Aero Club license No. 31 (22 Nov 1910); won £4000 Baron de Forest prize for the longest flight from England to the Continent in a British-built aeroplane, (169 miles (272 km) in 3 hours 40 minutes) in a Howard Wright 1910 Biplane (18 Dec 1910); established the Sopwith Aviation Company with Fred Sigrist (1912); and a Sopwith floatplane won the secondSchneider Trophy race 1913). The company produced more than 18,000 aircraft during World War I, including the Sopwith Camel fighter. Post war co-founded Hawker Aircraft.
	2 Jun 1852
16 Jun 1931	Switzerland
(France)
(Switzerland)
(Denmark)	Science
Aviator	Balloon	Licensed by the Académie d'Aérostation météorologique de France as a balloon pilot (1877); Swiss pioneer of ballooning and aerial photography; multiple crossings of the Alps; assisted in medical research (1902).
†	8 Mar 1879
24 May 1920	Switzerland	Design
Construction
Aviator	Propeller	Swiss flight certificate No.2 (10 Oct 1910); pioneer of flying boats (e.g., SIAI S.13); chief seaplane pilot for Ad Astra Aero; first seaplane crossing of the Alps (12 Jul 1919); (†) (Savoia flying boat) demonstration flight, Romanshorn, Switzerland.
	1864
1916	India	Design
Construction	?	Reportedly launched an unmanned airplane (Marutsakhā) (1895)
	17 Jul 1862
24 Feb 1942	Poland	Science
Design
Construction
Aviator	Glider
Rotor
Propeller	First successful model glider in Poland (1894); first glider flight in Poland (1896); biplane flight (1911).

1828
1895	Russia	Science
Design
Construction	Propeller	Received patent (with Gustave de Struve) for a steam-engine powered “flying machine” capable of carrying 120 people (i.e., commercial passenger aircraft) (1864), and for a navigable balloon (1883).
	1865
26 Sep 1937	United States	Designer
Construction	Propeller	First female aircraft designer (c. 1906).
	27 Jun 1899
3 Apr 1981	United States	Manufacture(?)
Support	n/a	Founded several airlines including Colonial Air Transport (1926) and the Aviation Corporation of the Americas (1927) which would become Pan American Airways; created economy class to encourage travel; proponent of jet aircraft ordering Boeing 707 and Douglas DC-8 aircraft; requested a larger airplane resulting in the Boeing 747; recipient, Tony Jannus Award (1965).
	21 Dec 1881
21 Apr 1919	France	Aviator	Propeller
	16 Nov 1890
10 Mar 1970	United States	Design
Manufacture
Support	Propeller	Designed the Verville-Packard R-1 (1919), which won the first Pulitzer Speed Trophy (1920); the M-1 Massenger (1921); the Verville-Sperry R-3 (1922), the second aircraft with retractable landing gear (after the Dayton-Wright RB-1 Racer); member, U.S. Navy Bureau of Aeronautics (1946–61).
†	19 Nov 1882
13 Sep 1913	Romania	Design
Construction
Aviator	Glider
Propeller	Designed, built, and flew a glider (1909); a powered airplane Vlaicu Nr. I (17 Jun 1910); (†) Vlaicu Nr. II, near Câmpina, attempting to cross the Carpathian Mountains in flight for the first time. Vlaicu Nr. III, the world's first metal-built aircraft, was under construction at the time of his death, but was completed in early 1914 by his collaborators.
	5 Feb 1880
25 Dec 1973	France	Design
Construction
Manufacture
Aviator	Glider
Propeller	With brother Charles, built gliders for Ernest Archdeacon (1902); designed and constructed the first French powered aircraft (Voisin 1907 biplane) to achieve sustained controlled flight (1 Oct 1907); founded Appareils d'Aviation Les Frères Voisin, the first aircraft manufacturing company (1906).
	17 Aug 1872
3 Sep 1950	Romania
(France)	Design
Construction
Aviator(?)	Propeller
Rotor	Flight in tractor monoplane (France) (6 Mar 1906).
†	17 May 1880
30 Jun 1915	Scotland	Design
Construction
Aviator	Glider
Propeller	On the eve of the 50th anniversary of the Wright Brothers’ historic flight (1953) and thirty-eight years after Watson's death, his brother James claimed that Preston had achieved powered flight before the Wrights. He recanted in 1955 stating he had never claimed it was powered flight.
	1824
1908	United Kingdom	Science
Constructor	Glider	The first scientist to deduce the main properties of cambered aerofoil. Built gliders and with John Browning the world's first wind tunnel in 1871.
	17 Jun 1872
24 Jul 1950	South Africa	Design
Construction
Flying
Support	n/a	url=http://www.johnwestonaviator.co.uk/	title=Home	website=johnwestonaviator.co.uk}}
(Weißkopf)	1 Jan 1874
10 Oct 1927	Germany
(United States)	Design
Construction
Aviator	Glider
Propeller	Designed and constructed a powered airplane (mid 1901); claims to have made the first (1899), second (14 Aug 1901), and third (17 Jan 1902) controlled powered airplane flights. This claim has long since been in dispute.{{cite journal	last1=Bongartz, Jr.	first1=Roy	year=1981	title=The Wright Brothers' claim of primacy in powered flight still can't shake the ghost of Connecticut's 'crazy German.'	journal=Popular Mechanics	volume=156	issue=6	pages=68, 70, 72–74	url= https://books.google.com/books?id=9tkDAAAAMBAJ&q=%22Gustave%20Whitehead%22%20flight&pg=PA68
	1828
10 Jul 1869	Poland	Design
Construction	Glider	Allegedly designed, constructed, flew a controllable glider (1866).

Orville
and
Wilbur	19 Aug 1871
30 Jan 1948
and
16 Apr 1867
30 May 1912	United States	Science
Design
Construction
Manufacture
Aviator
Support	Glider
Propeller	Together, designed and constructed biplane kite (1899); invented wing warping for flight control (c. 1899) and the aeronautical concept of three-axis control. designed and constructed the 1900, 1901, and 1902 Gliders; and the powered 1903 Flyer; used data from systematic wind tunnel testing to design efficient air foils and propellers; first powered, controlled, sustained flight (Orville) for 12 seconds covering 37 meters (17 Dec 1903) and documented; (Wilbur) first complete circle in a powered manned airplane (20 Sep 1904); (Wilbur) Wright Flyer III circular flight of 38.9 km (24 m) (23 Jun 1905).
	6 Dec 1885
31 May 1982	Poland
(Poland)
(United States)	Design
Construction
Aviator(?)	Propeller	With Stanislaw Cywiński designed and constructed Poland's first airplane (May 1911), flown (25 Sep 1911).

Notes

References

Books

References

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Milberry 2008, pp. 73–74.
Molson and Taylor 1982, p. 159.
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