From Surf Wiki (app.surf) — the open knowledge base

List of autoimmune diseases

none

This article provides a list of autoimmune diseases. These conditions, where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, affect a range of organs and systems within the body. Each disorder is listed with the primary organ or body part that it affects and the associated autoantibodies that are typically found in people diagnosed with the condition. Each disorder is also categorized by its acceptance as an autoimmune condition into four levels: confirmed, probable, possible, and uncertain. This classification is based on the current scientific consensus and reflects the level of evidence supporting the autoimmune nature of the disorder. Lastly, the prevalence rate, specifically in the United States, is included to give a sense of how common each disorder is within the population.

Confirmed – Used for conditions that have strong, well-established evidence of autoimmune etiology.
Probable – Used for conditions where there is substantial evidence of autoimmune involvement, but the scientific consensus may not be as strong as for those in the 'confirmed' category.
Possible – Used for conditions that have some evidence pointing towards autoimmune involvement, but it's not yet clear or there is ongoing debate.
Uncertain – Used for conditions where the evidence of autoimmune involvement is limited or contested.

Integumentary system

The integumentary system, composed of the skin, hair, nails, and associated glands, serves as a protective barrier between the body and the environment. It also plays a critical role in regulating body temperature and maintaining fluid balance.

Disease	Primary organ/body part affected	Autoantibodies	Acceptance as an autoimmune disease	Prevalence rate (US)	Cit.
Alopecia areata	Hair follicles	None specific	Confirmed	2.1%	last1=Pratt	first1=C. Herbert	last2=King	first2=Lloyd E.	last3=Messenger	first3=Andrew G.	last4=Christiano	first4=Angela M.	last5=Sundberg	first5=John P.	title=Alopecia areata	journal=Nature Reviews Disease Primers	publisher=Springer Science and Business Media LLC	volume=3	issue=1	date=2017-03-16	issn=2056-676X	doi=10.1038/nrdp.2017.11	page=17011	pmid=28300084	pmc=5573125 }}
Autoimmune angioedema	Skin	C1 inhibitor	Probable	Less than 5,000	title=Acquired angioedema - About the Disease	website=Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center	date=2021-01-08	url=https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/8605/acquired-angioedema	access-date=2023-07-12}}
Autoimmune progesterone dermatitis	Skin	Progesterone	Probable	Extremely rare	last1=Irshad	first1=Shahmeen	last2=Haider	first2=Muhammad S	last3=Master	first3=Madiha F	last4=Asif	first4=Nasir	last5=Khalil	first5=Ambreen	title=Autoimmune Progesterone Dermatitis	journal=Cureus	publisher=Cureus, Inc.	date=2021-11-02	volume=13	issue=11	article-number=e19217	issn=2168-8184	doi=10.7759/cureus.19217	doi-access=free	pmid=34877200	pmc=8642151 }}
Autoimmune urticaria	Skin	IgG against IgE or IgE receptor	Probable	Not well established	last1=Kolkhir	first1=Pavel	last2=Muñoz	first2=Melba	last3=Asero	first3=Riccardo	last4=Ferrer	first4=Marta	last5=Kocatürk	first5=Emek	last6=Metz	first6=Martin	last7=Xiang	first7=Yi-Kui	last8=Maurer	first8=Marcus	title=Autoimmune chronic spontaneous urticaria	journal=Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology	publisher=Elsevier BV	volume=149	issue=6	year=2022	issn=0091-6749	doi=10.1016/j.jaci.2022.04.010	pages=1819–1831	pmid=35667749	s2cid=249362247 }}
Bullous pemphigoid	Skin	Anti-BP180, Anti-BP230	Confirmed	6-30 per 100,000 (mostly older adults)	last1=Cole	first1=Connor	last2=Vinay	first2=Keshavamurthy	last3=Borradori	first3=Luca	last4=Amber	first4=Kyle T.	title=Insights Into the Pathogenesis of Bullous Pemphigoid: The Role of Complement-Independent Mechanisms	journal=Frontiers in Immunology	publisher=Frontiers Media SA	volume=13	date=2022-07-07	issn=1664-3224	doi=10.3389/fimmu.2022.912876	page=	pmid=35874745	pmc=9300999	doi-access=free }}
Cicatricial pemphigoid	Mucous membranes, sometimes skin	Anti-BP180, Anti-BP230	Confirmed	Rare	last1=Rashid	first1=H.	last2=Lamberts	first2=A.	last3=Borradori	first3=L.	last4=Alberti-Violetti	first4=S.	last5=Barry	first5=R.J.	last6=Caproni	first6=M.	last7=Carey	first7=B.	last8=Carrozzo	first8=M.	last9=Caux	first9=F.	last10=Cianchini	first10=G.	last11=Corrà	first11=A.	last12=Diercks	first12=G.F.H.	last13=Dikkers	first13=F.G.	last14=Di Zenzo	first14=G.	last15=Feliciani	first15=C.	last16=Geerling	first16=G.	last17=Genovese	first17=G.	last18=Hertl	first18=M.	last19=Joly	first19=P.	last20=Marzano	first20=A.V.	last21=Meijer	first21=J.M.	last22=Mercadante	first22=V.	last23=Murrell	first23=D.F.	last24=Ormond	first24=M.	last25=Pas	first25=H.H.	last26=Patsatsi	first26=A.	last27=Prost	first27=C.	last28=Rauz	first28=S.	last29=Rhijn	first29=B.D.	last30=Roth	first30=M.	last31=Schmidt	first31=E.	last32=Setterfield	first32=J.	last33=Zambruno	first33=G.	last34=Zillikens	first34=D.	last35=Horváth	first35=B.	title=European guidelines (S3) on diagnosis and management of mucous membrane pemphigoid, initiated by the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology – Part I	journal=Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology	publisher=Wiley	volume=35	issue=9	date=2021-07-10	issn=0926-9959	doi=10.1111/jdv.17397	pages=1750–1764	pmid=34245180	pmc=8457055 }}
Dermatitis herpetiformis	Skin	Anti-tissue transglutaminase	Confirmed	10 per 100,000	last1=Reunala	first1=Timo	last2=Hervonen	first2=Kaisa	last3=Salmi	first3=Teea	title=Dermatitis Herpetiformis: An Update on Diagnosis and Management	journal=American Journal of Clinical Dermatology	publisher=Springer Science and Business Media LLC	volume=22	issue=3	date=2021-01-11	issn=1175-0561	doi=10.1007/s40257-020-00584-2	pages=329–338	pmid=33432477	pmc=8068693 }}
DermatomyositisDermatomyositis	Skin and muscles	Anti-Jo1, Anti-Mi2, Anti-SRP, Anti-TIF1	Confirmed	9 in 1,000,000	last1=Nombel	first1=Anaïs	last2=Fabien	first2=Nicole	last3=Coutant	first3=Frédéric	title=Dermatomyositis With Anti-MDA5 Antibodies: Bioclinical Features, Pathogenesis and Emerging Therapies	journal=Frontiers in Immunology	publisher=Frontiers Media SA	volume=12	date=2021-10-20	issn=1664-3224	doi=10.3389/fimmu.2021.773352	page=	pmid=34745149	pmc=8564476	doi-access=free }}
Discoid lupus erythematosus	Skin	ANA, Anti-dsDNA, Anti-Sm	Confirmed	Part of SLE prevalence (20-150 per 100,000)	last1=Donnelly	first1=AM	last2=Halbert	first2=AR	last3=Rohr	first3=JB	title=Discoid lupus erythematosus	journal=Australasian Journal of Dermatology	publisher=Wiley	volume=36	issue=1	year=1995	issn=0004-8380	doi=10.1111/j.1440-0960.1995.tb00916.x	pages=3–10	pmid=7763220	s2cid=9050427 }}
Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita	Skin	Anti-type VII collagen	Confirmed	Extremely rare	last1=Miyamoto	first1=Denise	last2=Gordilho	first2=Juliana Olivieri	last3=Santi	first3=Claudia Giuli	last4=Porro	first4=Adriana Maria	title=Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita	journal=Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia	publisher=Elsevier BV	volume=97	issue=4	year=2022	issn=0365-0596	doi=10.1016/j.abd.2021.09.010	pages=409–423	pmid=35701269	pmc=9263658 }}
Erythema nodosum	Skin	None specific	Possible	Not well established	last1=Pérez-Garza	first1=Daniela Michelle	last2=Chavez-Alvarez	first2=Sonia	last3=Ocampo-Candiani	first3=Jorge	last4=Gomez-Flores	first4=Minerva	title=Erythema Nodosum: A Practical Approach and Diagnostic Algorithm	journal=American Journal of Clinical Dermatology	publisher=Springer Science and Business Media LLC	volume=22	issue=3	date=2021-03-08	issn=1175-0561	doi=10.1007/s40257-021-00592-w	pages=367–378	pmid=33683567	pmc=7938036 }}
Gestational pemphigoid	Skin	Anti-BP180, Anti-BP230	Confirmed	Rare	last1=Patel	first1=Payal M.	last2=Jones	first2=Virginia A.	last3=Murray	first3=Taryn N.	last4=Amber	first4=Kyle T.	title=A Review Comparing International Guidelines for the Management of Bullous Pemphigoid, Pemphigoid Gestationis, Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid, and Epidermolysis Bullosa Acquisita	journal=American Journal of Clinical Dermatology	publisher=Springer Science and Business Media LLC	volume=21	issue=4	date=2020-03-16	issn=1175-0561	doi=10.1007/s40257-020-00513-3	pages=557–565	pmid=32180161	s2cid=212718889 }}
Hidradenitis suppurativa	Skin	None specific	Uncertain	1-4%	last1=Goldburg	first1=Samantha R.	last2=Strober	first2=Bruce E.	last3=Payette	first3=Michael J.	title=Hidradenitis suppurativa	journal=Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology	publisher=Elsevier BV	volume=82	issue=5	year=2020	issn=0190-9622	doi=10.1016/j.jaad.2019.08.090	pages=1045–1058	pmid=31604104	s2cid=243497119 }}
Lichen planus	Skin, mucous membranes	None specific	Probable	1%	last1=Tziotzios	first1=Christos	last2=Lee	first2=John Y.W.	last3=Brier	first3=Timothy	last4=Saito	first4=Ryo	last5=Hsu	first5=Chao-Kai	last6=Bhargava	first6=Kapil	last7=Stefanato	first7=Catherine M.	last8=Fenton	first8=David A.	last9=McGrath	first9=John A.	title=Lichen planus and lichenoid dermatoses	journal=Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology	publisher=Elsevier BV	volume=79	issue=5	year=2018	issn=0190-9622	doi=10.1016/j.jaad.2018.02.010	pages=789–804	pmid=30318136	s2cid=52982317 }}
Lichen sclerosus	Skin	None specific	Probable	Rare	last=Kirtschig	first=Gudula	title=Lichen Sclerosus—Presentation, Diagnosis and Management	journal=Deutsches Ärzteblatt International	publisher=Deutscher Arzte-Verlag GmbH	date=2016-05-13	volume=113	issue=19	pages=337–343	issn=1866-0452	doi=10.3238/arztebl.2016.0337	pmid=27232363	pmc=4904529 }}
Linear IgA disease	Skin	Anti-epidermal basement membrane IgA	Confirmed	Extremely rare	last1=Shin	first1=Leah	last2=Gardner	first2=Jeffrey T.	last3=Dao	first3=Harry	title=Updates in the Diagnosis and Management of Linear IgA Disease: A Systematic Review	journal=Medicina	publisher=MDPI AG	volume=57	issue=8	date=2021-08-12	issn=1648-9144	doi=10.3390/medicina57080818	page=818	pmid=34441024	pmc=8400507	doi-access=free }}
Morphea	Skin	None specific	Probable	Not well established	last1=Florez-Pollack	first1=Stephanie	last2=Kunzler	first2=Elaine	last3=Jacobe	first3=Heidi T.	title=Morphea: Current concepts	journal=Clinics in Dermatology	publisher=Elsevier BV	volume=36	issue=4	year=2018	issn=0738-081X	doi=10.1016/j.clindermatol.2018.04.005	pages=475–486	pmid=30047431	s2cid=206776415 }}
Psoriasis	Skin	Various, not specific	Confirmed	2-3%	last1=Boehncke	first1=Wolf-Henning	last2=Schön	first2=Michael P	title=Psoriasis	journal=The Lancet	publisher=Elsevier BV	volume=386	issue=9997	year=2015	issn=0140-6736	doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(14)61909-7	pages=983–994	pmid=26025581 }}
Pemphigus vulgaris	Skin and mucous membranes	Anti-desmoglein 3, Anti-desmoglein 1	Confirmed	1-5 per 100,000	last1=Melchionda	first1=V.	last2=Harman	first2=K. E.	title=Pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus foliaceus: an overview of the clinical presentation, investigations and management	journal=Clinical and Experimental Dermatology	publisher=Oxford University Press (OUP)	volume=44	issue=7	date=2019-08-04	issn=0307-6938	doi=10.1111/ced.14041	pages=740–746	pmid=31378971	s2cid=199436546	doi-access=free }}
Scleroderma (systemic sclerosis)	Skin, organs	ANA, anti-Scl-70, anti-centromere	Confirmed	240 per 1,000,000	last1=Careta	first1=Mariana Figueiroa	last2=Romiti	first2=Ricardo	title=Localized scleroderma: clinical spectrum and therapeutic update	journal=Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia	publisher=FapUNIFESP (SciELO)	volume=90	issue=1	year=2015	issn=0365-0596	doi=10.1590/abd1806-4841.20152890	pages=62–73	pmid=25672301	pmc=4323700 }}
Sjögren syndrome	Exocrine glands (salivary and lacrimal glands)	Anti-SSA/Ro, Anti-SSB/La antibodies, anti-centromere	Confirmed	0.1-4% of the population	last1=Brito-Zerón	first1=Pilar	last2=Retamozo	first2=Soledad	last3=Ramos-Casals	first3=Manuel	title=Síndrome de Sjögren	journal=Medicina Clínica	publisher=Elsevier BV	volume=160	issue=4	year=2023	issn=0025-7753	doi=10.1016/j.medcli.2022.10.007	pages=163–171	pmid=36528400	s2cid=263009504	language=es}}
Vitiligo	Skin	Various, not specific	Confirmed	1%	last1=Bergqvist	first1=Christina	last2=Ezzedine	first2=Khaled	title=Vitiligo: A Review	journal=Dermatology	publisher=S. Karger AG	volume=236	issue=6	year=2020	issn=1018-8665	doi=10.1159/000506103	pages=571–592	pmid=32155629	s2cid=212666272	doi-access=free }}

Digestive system

Autoimmune disease	Primary organ/body part affected	Autoantibodies	Acceptance as an autoimmune disease	Prevalence rate (US)	Cit.
Autoimmune enteropathy	Small intestine	Anti-enterocyte antibodies	Probable	Rare	last1=Chen	first1=Charles B.	last2=Tahboub	first2=Farah	last3=Plesec	first3=Thomas	last4=Kay	first4=Marsha	last5=Radhakrishnan	first5=Kadakkal	title=A Review of Autoimmune Enteropathy and Its Associated Syndromes	journal=Digestive Diseases and Sciences	publisher=Springer Science and Business Media LLC	volume=65	issue=11	date=2020-08-24	issn=0163-2116	doi=10.1007/s10620-020-06540-8	pages=3079–3090	pmid=32833153	s2cid=221257881 }}
Autoimmune hepatitis	Liver	ANA, ASMA, anti-LKM1	Confirmed	1 in 10,000 to 1 in 50,000	last1=Sucher	first1=Elisabeth	last2=Sucher	first2=Robert	last3=Gradistanac	first3=Tanja	last4=Brandacher	first4=Gerald	last5=Schneeberger	first5=Stefan	last6=Berg	first6=Thomas	title=Autoimmune Hepatitis—Immunologically Triggered Liver Pathogenesis—Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategies	journal=Journal of Immunology Research	publisher=Hindawi Limited	volume=2019	date=2019-11-25	issn=2314-8861	doi=10.1155/2019/9437043	pages=1–19	pmid=31886312	pmc=6899271	doi-access=free }}
Celiac disease	Small intestine	Anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies (tTG), Endomysial antibody (EMA), Deamidated gliadin peptide (DGP)	Confirmed	1 in 100	last1=Catassi	first1=Carlo	last2=Verdu	first2=Elena F	last3=Bai	first3=Julio Cesar	last4=Lionetti	first4=Elena	title=Coeliac disease	journal=The Lancet	publisher=Elsevier BV	volume=399	issue=10344	year=2022	issn=0140-6736	doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(22)00794-2	pages=2413–2426	pmid=35691302	s2cid=249622609 }}
Crohn's disease	Digestive tract	ASCA, Anti-OmpC, Anti-CBir1, ANCA	Probable	201 per 100,000 adults	last1=Torres	first1=Joana	last2=Mehandru	first2=Saurabh	last3=Colombel	first3=Jean-Frédéric	last4=Peyrin-Biroulet	first4=Laurent	title=Crohn's disease	journal=The Lancet	publisher=Elsevier BV	volume=389	issue=10080	year=2017	issn=0140-6736	doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31711-1	pages=1741–1755	pmid=27914655	s2cid=13678540 }}
Intestinal necrotizing arteriolitis	Liver, pancreas and intestines.	None specific	Possible
Pernicious anemia	Stomach	Anti-IF, Anti-parietal cell	Confirmed	0.1%	last1=Mohamed	first1=Muhajir	last2=Thio	first2=Joel	last3=Thomas	first3=Remy Susan	last4=Phillips	first4=Jehan	title=Pernicious anaemia	journal=BMJ	date=2020-04-24	volume=369	issn=1756-1833	doi=10.1136/bmj.m1319	article-number=m1319	pmid=32332011	s2cid=216129306 }}
Ulcerative colitis	Colon and rectum	pANCA, ASCA	Probable	249 per 100,000 adults	last1=Ordás	first1=Ingrid	last2=Eckmann	first2=Lars	last3=Talamini	first3=Mark	last4=Baumgart	first4=Daniel C	last5=Sandborn	first5=William J	title=Ulcerative colitis	journal=The Lancet	publisher=Elsevier BV	volume=380	issue=9853	year=2012	issn=0140-6736	doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(12)60150-0	pages=1606–1619	pmid=22914296	s2cid=18349657 }}

Heart and vascular system

Autoimmune disease	Primary organ/body part affected	Autoantibodies	Acceptance as an autoimmune disease	Prevalence rate (US)	Cit.
Rheumatic heart disease	Heart valves	Anti-streptolysin O (ASO), anti-DNase B	Confirmed	Declining due to improved treatment of strep throat	last1=Carapetis	first1=Jonathan R.	last2=Beaton	first2=Andrea	last3=Cunningham	first3=Madeleine W.	last4=Guilherme	first4=Luiza	last5=Karthikeyan	first5=Ganesan	last6=Mayosi	first6=Bongani M.	last7=Sable	first7=Craig	last8=Steer	first8=Andrew	last9=Wilson	first9=Nigel	last10=Wyber	first10=Rosemary	last11=Zühlke	first11=Liesl	title=Acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease	journal=Nature Reviews Disease Primers	publisher=Springer Science and Business Media LLC	volume=2	issue=1	date=2016-01-14	issn=2056-676X	doi=10.1038/nrdp.2015.84	page=15084	pmid=27188830	pmc=5810582 }}
Kawasaki disease	Coronary arteries	Unknown	Probable	20 per 100,000 children under age 5	last1=Rife	first1=Eileen	last2=Gedalia	first2=Abraham	title=Kawasaki Disease: an Update	journal=Current Rheumatology Reports	publisher=Springer Science and Business Media LLC	volume=22	issue=10	date=2020-09-13	issn=1523-3774	doi=10.1007/s11926-020-00941-4	page=75	pmid=32924089	pmc=7487199 }}
Giant cell arteritis	Large and medium arteries, can affect coronary arteries	None specific	Confirmed	200 per 100,000 (over age 50)
Takayasu's arteritis	Large arteries, including the aorta	None specific	Confirmed	Rare, more common in East Asia	last1=Galarza	first1=Claudio	last2=Valencia	first2=Diana	last3=Tobón	first3=Gabriel J.	last4=Zurita	first4=Luis	last5=Mantilla	first5=Rubén D.	last6=Pineda-Tamayo	first6=Ricardo	last7=Rojas-Villarraga	first7=Adriana	last8=Rueda	first8=Juan C.	last9=Anaya	first9=Juan-Manuel	title=Should Rituximab be Considered as the First-Choice Treatment for Severe Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases?	journal=Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology	publisher=Springer Science and Business Media LLC	volume=34	issue=1	date=2007-09-22	issn=1080-0549	doi=10.1007/s12016-007-8028-z	pages=124–128	pmid=18270866	s2cid=21279076 }}
Behçet's disease	Small to large vessels in mouth, genitals, eyes, skin	None specific	Probable		last1=Tong	first1=Bainan	last2=Liu	first2=Xiaoli	last3=Xiao	first3=Jun	last4=Su	first4=Guanfang	title=Immunopathogenesis of Behcet's Disease	journal=Frontiers in Immunology	publisher=Frontiers Media SA	volume=10	date=2019-03-29	issn=1664-3224	doi=10.3389/fimmu.2019.00665	page=665	pmid=30984205	pmc=6449449	doi-access=free }}
EGPAEosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA)	Small to medium vessels in respiratory tract, skin, heart, kidneys, nerves	ANCA	Confirmed		last1=White	first1=JPE	last2=Dubey	first2=S.	title=Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis: A review	journal=Autoimmunity Reviews	publisher=Elsevier BV	volume=22	issue=1	year=2023	issn=1568-9972	doi=10.1016/j.autrev.2022.103219	article-number=103219	pmid=36283646	s2cid=253087925	doi-access=free }}
GPAGranulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA)	Small to medium vessels in respiratory tract, kidneys	c-ANCA/PR3-ANCA	Confirmed
IgA vasculitis (IgAV)	Small vessels in skin, joints, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract	IgA immune complexes	Probable		last1=Pillebout	first1=Evangéline	last2=Sunderkötter	first2=Cord	title=IgA vasculitis	journal=Seminars in Immunopathology	publisher=Springer Science and Business Media LLC	volume=43	issue=5	date=2021-06-25	issn=1863-2297	doi=10.1007/s00281-021-00874-9	pages=729–738	pmid=34170395	s2cid=235635414 }}
Leukocytoclastic vasculitis	Small vessels in skin	Various immune complexes	Probable		last1=Fraticelli	first1=Paolo	last2=Benfaremo	first2=Devis	last3=Gabrielli	first3=Armando	title=Diagnosis and management of leukocytoclastic vasculitis	journal=Internal and Emergency Medicine	publisher=Springer Science and Business Media LLC	volume=16	issue=4	date=2021-03-13	issn=1828-0447	doi=10.1007/s11739-021-02688-x	pages=831–841	pmid=33713282	pmc=8195763 }}
Lupus vasculitis	Small to medium vessels in multiple organs	ANA, anti-dsDNA, anti-Smith, others	Confirmed		last1=Calle-Botero	first1=Estefania	last2=Abril	first2=Andy	title=Lupus Vasculitis	journal=Current Rheumatology Reports	publisher=Springer Science and Business Media LLC	volume=22	issue=10	date=2020-08-26	issn=1523-3774	doi=10.1007/s11926-020-00937-0	page=71	pmid=32845454	s2cid=221329029 }}
Rheumatoid vasculitis	Small to medium vessels in skin, nerves, eyes, heart	Rheumatoid factor, ACPA	Probable		last1=Mertz	first1=Philippe	last2=Wollenschlaeger	first2=Clara	last3=Chasset	first3=François	last4=Dima	first4=Alina	last5=Arnaud	first5=Laurent	title=Rheumatoid vasculitis in 2023: Changes and challenges since the biologics era	journal=Autoimmunity Reviews	publisher=Elsevier BV	volume=22	issue=9	year=2023	issn=1568-9972	doi=10.1016/j.autrev.2023.103391	article-number=103391	pmid=37468085	s2cid=259957955 }}
Microscopic polyangiitis (MPA)	Small vessels in kidneys, lungs, nerves, skin	p-ANCA/MPO-ANCA	Confirmed		last1=Greco	first1=Antonio	last2=De Virgilio	first2=Armando	last3=Rizzo	first3=Maria Ida	last4=Gallo	first4=Andrea	last5=Magliulo	first5=Giuseppe	last6=Fusconi	first6=Massimo	last7=Ruoppolo	first7=Giovanni	last8=Tombolini	first8=Mario	last9=Turchetta	first9=Rosaria	last10=de Vincentiis	first10=Marco	title=Microscopic polyangiitis: Advances in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches	journal=Autoimmunity Reviews	publisher=Elsevier BV	volume=14	issue=9	year=2015	issn=1568-9972	doi=10.1016/j.autrev.2015.05.005	pages=837–844	pmid=25992801 }}
Necrotizing arteriolitis	Medium vessels in kidneys and adrenals.	None specific	Possible		title=Pathogenesis of Hypertensive Arterial Necrosis	journal=JAMA	date=September 24, 1949	volume=141	issue=4	page=4	doi=10.1001/jama.1949.02910040028008 }}
Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN)	Medium to small vessels in kidneys, skin, muscles, joints, nerves	None specific	Probable		last1=Bilginer	first1=Yelda	last2=Ozen	first2=Seza	title=Polyarteritis nodosa	journal=Current Opinion in Pediatrics	publisher=Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)	volume=34	issue=2	date=2022-01-25	issn=1040-8703	doi=10.1097/mop.0000000000001106	pages=229–233	pmid=35081554	s2cid=246296626 }}
Polymyalgia rheumatica	Large to medium vessels in shoulders, hips	None specific	Possible		last1=Lundberg	first1=Ingrid E.	last2=Sharma	first2=Ankita	last3=Turesson	first3=Carl	last4=Mohammad	first4=Aladdin J.	title=An update on polymyalgia rheumatica	journal=Journal of Internal Medicine	publisher=Wiley	volume=292	issue=5	date=2022-06-11	issn=0954-6820	doi=10.1111/joim.13525	pages=717–732	pmid=35612524	pmc=9796644 }}
Urticarial vasculitis	Small vessels in skin	C1q antibodies	Probable		last1=Gu	first1=Stephanie L.	last2=Jorizzo	first2=Joseph L.	title=Urticarial vasculitis	journal=International Journal of Women's Dermatology	publisher=Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)	volume=7	issue=3	year=2021	issn=2352-6475	doi=10.1016/j.ijwd.2021.01.021	pages=290–297	pmid=34222586	pmc=8243153 }}
Vasculitis	All vessel sizes in multiple organs	Depends on specific type	Uncertain		last1=Kermani	first1=Tanaz A.	last2=Warrington	first2=Kenneth J.	last3=Dua	first3=Anisha B.	title=Treatment Guidelines in Vasculitis	journal=Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America	publisher=Elsevier BV	volume=48	issue=3	year=2022	issn=0889-857X	doi=10.1016/j.rdc.2022.03.006	pages=705–724	pmid=35953232	s2cid=250323897 }}

Urinary system

Autoimmune disease	Primary organ/body part affected	Autoantibodies	Acceptance as an autoimmune disease	Prevalence rate (US)	Cit.
Goodpasture Goodpasture syndrome	Kidneys, lungs	Anti-GBM antibodies	Confirmed	1 per million people	last1=Reggiani	first1=Francesco	last2=L'Imperio	first2=Vincenzo	last3=Calatroni	first3=Marta	last4=Pagni	first4=Fabio	last5=Sinico	first5=Renato Alberto	title=Goodpasture syndrome and anti-glomerular basement membrane disease	journal=Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology	date=2023-03-15	volume=41	issue=4	pages=964–974	issn=1593-098X	doi=10.55563/clinexprheumatol/tep3k5	pmid=36995324	s2cid=257836514	doi-access=free }}
IgA nephropathy	Kidneys	IgA autoantibodies	Confirmed	3.5 per 100,000	last1=Gesualdo	first1=Loreto	last2=Di Leo	first2=Vincenzo	last3=Coppo	first3=Rosanna	title=The mucosal immune system and IgA nephropathy	journal=Seminars in Immunopathology	publisher=Springer Science and Business Media LLC	volume=43	issue=5	year=2021	issn=1863-2297	doi=10.1007/s00281-021-00871-y	pages=657–668	pmid=34642783	pmc=8551125 }}
Membranous nephropathy	Kidneys	Anti-PLA2R antibodies	Confirmed	10 per 100,000	last1=Keri	first1=Krishna C	last2=Blumenthal	first2=Samuel	last3=Kulkarni	first3=Varsha	last4=Beck	first4=Laurence	last5=Chongkrairatanakul	first5=Tepsiri	title=Primary membranous nephropathy: comprehensive review and historical perspective	journal=Postgraduate Medical Journal	publisher=Oxford University Press (OUP)	volume=95	issue=1119	date=2019-01-01	issn=0032-5473	doi=10.1136/postgradmedj-2018-135729	pages=23–31	pmid=30683678	s2cid=59275094 }}
Lupus nephritis	Kidneys	Anti-dsDNA, Anti-Sm, Anti-nuclear antibodies	Confirmed	Up to 60% of those with Lupus
Interstitial nephritis	Kidneys	Various autoantibodies	Probable	Varies widely, often drug-induced
Interstitial cystitis	Bladder	Anti-urothelial and anti-nuclear antibodies	Probable	100-450 per 100,000 women, less common in men
Primary sclerosing cholangitis	Bile ducts, can affect gallbladder	P-ANCA, Anti Smooth Muscle Antibodies (ASMA)	Confirmed	1 per 100,000

Nervous system

Autoimmune disease	Primary organ/body part affected	Autoantibodies	Acceptance as an autoimmune disease	Prevalence rate (US)
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis	Central nervous system	Unknown	Confirmed	0.8 per 100,000
Acute motor axonal neuropathy	Peripheral nerves	Anti-GM1	Confirmed	Part of Guillain-Barré syndrome prevalence
Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis	Brain	Anti-NMDA receptor	Confirmed	1.5 per million
Autoimmune encephalitis	Brain	Various, depending on subtype (e.g., NMDA receptor antibodies, LGI1 antibodies)	Confirmed	Rare
Balo concentric sclerosis	Central nervous system	Unknown	Probable	Rare
Bickerstaff's encephalitis	Brain	Anti-GQ1b	Confirmed	Rare
Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy	Peripheral nerves	Various, including anti-MAG	Confirmed	1-2 per 100,000
Guillain-Barré syndrome	Peripheral nerves	Various, including anti-GM1, anti-GD1a	Confirmed	1-2 per 100,000
Hashimoto's encephalopathy	Brain	Anti-thyroid (TPO, Tg)	Probable	Rare
Idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating diseases	Central nervous system	Varies	Probable	Varies by specific disease
Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome	Neuromuscular junction (affecting both CNS and PNS)	Anti-VGCC	Confirmed	0.5-2 per million
Multiple sclerosis	Central nervous system	Unknown, but Oligoclonal bands often present in CSF	Confirmed	90 per 100,000
Myasthenia gravis	Neuromuscular junction (affecting both CNS and PNS)	Anti-AChR, anti-MuSK	Confirmed	20 per 100,000
Neuromyelitis optica (Devic's disease)/NMOSD	Optic nerves and spinal cord	AQP4-IgG (NMO-IgG)	Confirmed	0.5 - 4 per 100,000
Restless legs syndrome	Central nervous system (thought to involve dopaminergic pathways)	Unknown	Uncertain	5-15% (more common in older adults)
Stiff-person syndrome	Central nervous system	Anti-GAD, anti-amphiphysin	Confirmed	Rare
Sydenham's chorea	Brain	Anti-basal ganglia	Confirmed	Rare (linked to Group A streptococcal infection)
Transverse myelitis	Spinal cord	Various, including anti-AQP4	Probable	1-8 per million
Undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD)	Various	ANA (antinuclear autoantibody) (HEp-2 cells)	Confirmed	2 per 100,000

Endocrine system

Autoimmune disease	Primary organ/body part affected	Autoantibodies	Acceptance as an autoimmune disease	Prevalence rate (US)	Cit.
Addison's disease	Adrenal glands	21-hydroxylase antibodies	Confirmed	0.93-1.4 per 10,000	last1=Saverino	first1=Serena	last2=Falorni	first2=Alberto	title=Autoimmune Addison's disease	journal=Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism	publisher=Elsevier BV	volume=34	issue=1	year=2020	issn=1521-690X	doi=10.1016/j.beem.2020.101379	article-number=101379	pmid=32063488 }}
Autoimmune oophoritis	Ovaries	Anti-ovarian antibodies	Probable	Rare	last1=Levit	first1=Elizabeth	last2=Singh	first2=Bhuchitra	last3=Nylander	first3=Elisabeth	last4=Segars	first4=James H.	title=A Systematic Review of Autoimmune Oophoritis Therapies	journal=Reproductive Sciences	publisher=Springer Science and Business Media LLC	date=2023-07-27	volume=31	issue=1	pages=1–16	issn=1933-7191	doi=10.1007/s43032-023-01299-5	pmid=37500976	s2cid=260246899 }}
Autoimmune orchitis	Testes	Anti-sperm antibodies	Probable	Rare	last1=Silva	first1=C.A.	last2=Cocuzza	first2=M.	last3=Carvalho	first3=J.F.	last4=Bonfá	first4=E.	title=Diagnosis and classification of autoimmune orchitis	journal=Autoimmunity Reviews	publisher=Elsevier BV	volume=13	issue=4–5	year=2014	issn=1568-9972	doi=10.1016/j.autrev.2014.01.024	pages=431–434	pmid=24424181 }}
Autoimmune pancreatitis	Pancreas	IgG4, Anti-CA2 antibodies	Confirmed	0.82-1.3 per 100,000	last1=Nista	first1=Enrico Celestino	last2=De Lucia	first2=Sara Sofia	last3=Manilla	first3=Vittoria	last4=Schepis	first4=Tommaso	last5=Pellegrino	first5=Antonio	last6=Ojetti	first6=Veronica	last7=Pignataro	first7=Giulia	last8=Zileri dal Verme	first8=Lorenzo	last9=Franceschi	first9=Francesco	last10=Gasbarrini	first10=Antonio	last11=Candelli	first11=Marcello	title=Autoimmune Pancreatitis: From Pathogenesis to Treatment	journal=International Journal of Molecular Sciences	publisher=MDPI AG	volume=23	issue=20	date=2022-10-21	issn=1422-0067	doi=10.3390/ijms232012667	article-number=12667	pmid=36293522	pmc=9604056	doi-access=free }}
Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS1)	Multiple endocrine organs	Various autoantibodies depending on the organs affected	Confirmed	1 in 100,000 to 200,000	last1=Bjørklund	first1=Geir	last2=Pivin	first2=Maksim	last3=Hangan	first3=Tony	last4=Yurkovskaya	first4=Oksana	last5=Pivina	first5=Lyudmila	title=Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1: Clinical manifestations, pathogenetic features, and management approach	journal=Autoimmunity Reviews	publisher=Elsevier BV	volume=21	issue=8	year=2022	issn=1568-9972	doi=10.1016/j.autrev.2022.103135	article-number=103135	pmid=35690244 }}
Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 2 (APS2)	Multiple endocrine organs	Various autoantibodies depending on the organs affected	Confirmed	1 in 20,000	last1=Husebye	first1=Eystein S.	last2=Anderson	first2=Mark S.	last3=Kämpe	first3=Olle	title=Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndromes	journal=New England Journal of Medicine	publisher=Massachusetts Medical Society	volume=378	issue=12	date=2018-03-22	issn=0028-4793	doi=10.1056/nejmra1713301	pages=1132–1141	pmid=29562162	pmc=6007870 }}
Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 3 (APS3)	Multiple endocrine organs	Various autoantibodies depending on the organs affected	Confirmed	Rare
Diabetes mellitus type 1	Pancreas	Anti-insulin, anti-IA-2, anti-GAD, anti-ZnT8 antibodies	Confirmed	5 per 1,000	last1=Rezaei	first1=Nima	last2=Bahreini	first2=Farbod	last3=Rayzan	first3=Elham	title=MicroRNAs and Diabetes Mellitus Type 1	journal=Current Diabetes Reviews	publisher=Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.	volume=18	issue=2	year=2022	pages=e021421191398	issn=1573-3998	doi=10.2174/1573399817666210215111201	pmid=33588736	s2cid=231938319 }}
Endometriosis	Endometrium	Anti-endometrial antibodies	Probable	6-10% of women of reproductive age	last1=Abramiuk	first1=Monika	last2=Grywalska	first2=Ewelina	last3=Małkowska	first3=Paulina	last4=Sierawska	first4=Olga	last5=Hrynkiewicz	first5=Rafał	last6=Niedźwiedzka-Rystwej	first6=Paulina	title=The Role of the Immune System in the Development of Endometriosis	journal=Cells	publisher=MDPI AG	volume=11	issue=13	date=2022-06-25	issn=2073-4409	doi=10.3390/cells11132028	page=2028	pmid=35805112	pmc=9265783	doi-access=free }}
Graves' disease	Thyroid gland	TSI, TPO, TG antibodies	Confirmed	1.2% of the population	last1=Moshkelgosha	first1=Sajad	last2=So	first2=Po-Wah	last3=Diaz-Cano	first3=Salvador	last4=Banga	first4=J.	title=Preclinical Models of Graves' Disease and Associated Secondary Complications	journal=Current Pharmaceutical Design	publisher=Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.	volume=21	issue=18	date=2015-04-30	issn=1381-6128	doi=10.2174/1381612821666150316121945	pages=2414–2421	pmid=25777757	url=https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/1441209 }}
Hashimoto's thyroiditis	Thyroid gland	TPO, TG antibodies	Confirmed	5% of the population	last1=Mikulska	first1=Aniceta A.	last2=Karaźniewicz-Łada	first2=Marta	last3=Filipowicz	first3=Dorota	last4=Ruchała	first4=Marek	last5=Główka	first5=Franciszek K.	title=Metabolic Characteristics of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis Patients and the Role of Microelements and Diet in the Disease Management—An Overview	journal=International Journal of Molecular Sciences	publisher=MDPI AG	volume=23	issue=12	date=2022-06-13	issn=1422-0067	doi=10.3390/ijms23126580	page=6580	pmid=35743024	pmc=9223845	doi-access=free }}
Ord's thyroiditis	Thyroid gland	TPO, TG antibodies	Confirmed	Rare	last1=Carlé	first1=Allan	last2=Pedersen	first2=Inge Bülow	last3=Knudsen	first3=Nils	last4=Perrild	first4=Hans	last5=Ovesen	first5=Lars	last6=Jørgensen	first6=Torben	last7=Laurberg	first7=Peter	title=Thyroid Volume in Hypothyroidism due to Autoimmune Disease Follows a Unimodal Distribution: Evidence against Primary Thyroid Atrophy and Autoimmune Thyroiditis Being Distinct Diseases	journal=The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism	publisher=The Endocrine Society	volume=94	issue=3	date=2009-03-01	issn=0021-972X	doi=10.1210/jc.2008-1370	pages=833–839	pmid=19088156	s2cid=8184654 }}

Respiratory system

Autoimmune disease	Primary organ/body part affected	Autoantibodies	Acceptance as an autoimmune disease	Prevalence rate (US)	Cit.
Goodpasture syndrome			Confirmed
Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA)			Confirmed
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA)			Confirmed
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis	Lungs	None specific	Possible	20 per 100,000 (men), 13 per 100,000 (women)	last1=Hoyne	first1=Gerard F	last2=Elliott	first2=Hannah	last3=Mutsaers	first3=Steven E	last4=Prêle	first4=Cecilia M	title=Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and a role for autoimmunity	journal=Immunology & Cell Biology	publisher=Wiley	volume=95	issue=7	date=2017-04-25	issn=0818-9641	doi=10.1038/icb.2017.22	pages=577–583	pmid=28356570	s2cid=205152247	url=https://researchonline.nd.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1177&context=health_article	url-access=subscription }}
Interstitial lung disease	Lungs	Depends on the subtype (e.g. Anti-Jo1 in Anti-synthetase syndrome)	Probable	31.5 per 100,000 (men), 26.1 per 100,000 (women)	last1=Kadura	first1=Suha	last2=Raghu	first2=Ganesh	title=Rheumatoid arthritis-interstitial lung disease: manifestations and current concepts in pathogenesis and management	journal=European Respiratory Review	publisher=European Respiratory Society (ERS)	volume=30	issue=160	date=2021-06-23	issn=0905-9180	doi=10.1183/16000617.0011-2021	page=210011	pmid=34168062	pmc=9489133 }}
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis	Lungs	Anti-GM-CSF antibodies	Confirmed	6.2 per million	last1=Trapnell	first1=Bruce C.	last2=Nakata	first2=Koh	last3=Bonella	first3=Francesco	last4=Campo	first4=Ilaria	last5=Griese	first5=Matthias	last6=Hamilton	first6=John	last7=Wang	first7=Tisha	last8=Morgan	first8=Cliff	last9=Cottin	first9=Vincent	last10=McCarthy	first10=Cormac	title=Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis	journal=Nature Reviews Disease Primers	publisher=Springer Science and Business Media LLC	volume=5	issue=1	date=2019-03-07	issn=2056-676X	doi=10.1038/s41572-019-0066-3	page=16	pmid=30846703	s2cid=73484878 }}
Rheumatoid lung disease	Lungs	Rheumatoid factor, Anti-CCP antibodies	Confirmed	Part of RA prevalence (about 1%)	last1=Akiyama	first1=Mitsuhiro	last2=Kaneko	first2=Yuko	title=Pathogenesis, clinical features, and treatment strategy for rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease	journal=Autoimmunity Reviews	publisher=Elsevier BV	volume=21	issue=5	year=2022	issn=1568-9972	doi=10.1016/j.autrev.2022.103056	article-number=103056	pmid=35121155	s2cid=246496520	doi-access=free }}
Sarcoidosis	Lungs and other organs	None specific	Confirmed	10 - 40 per 100,000	last1=Brito-Zerón	first1=Pilar	last2=Pérez-Álvarez	first2=Roberto	last3=Ramos-Casals	first3=Manuel	title=Sarcoidosis	journal=Medicina Clínica	publisher=Elsevier BV	volume=159	issue=4	year=2022	issn=0025-7753	doi=10.1016/j.medcli.2022.03.009	pages=195–204	pmid=35680449	language=es}}

Blood

Autoimmune disease	Autoantibodies	Acceptance as an autoimmune disease	Prevalence rate (US)	Cit.
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia	Anti-red blood cell antibodies	Confirmed	1-3 per 100,000	last1=Scheckel	first1=Caleb J.	last2=Go	first2=Ronald S.	title=Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia: Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis	journal=Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America	publisher=Elsevier BV	volume=36	issue=2	year=2022	issn=0889-8588	doi=10.1016/j.hoc.2021.12.001	pages=315–324	pmid=35282951	s2cid=247428832 }}
Immune thrombocytopenia	Anti-platelet antibodies	Confirmed	3.3 per 100,000 (adults), 50 per 100,000 (children)	last1=Audia	first1=Sylvain	last2=Mahévas	first2=Matthieu	last3=Samson	first3=Maxime	last4=Godeau	first4=Bertrand	last5=Bonnotte	first5=Bernard	title=Pathogenesis of immune thrombocytopenia	journal=Autoimmunity Reviews	publisher=Elsevier BV	volume=16	issue=6	year=2017	issn=1568-9972	doi=10.1016/j.autrev.2017.04.012	pages=620–632	pmid=28428120	url=https://hal.science/hal-04242234 }}
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura	ADAMTS13 autoantibodies	Confirmed	1-2 per million	last=Sadler	first=J. Evan	title=Pathophysiology of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura	journal=Blood	publisher=American Society of Hematology	volume=130	issue=10	date=2017-09-07	issn=0006-4971	doi=10.1182/blood-2017-04-636431	pages=1181–1188	pmid=28768626	pmc=5606001 }}
Antiphospholipid syndrome	Antiphospholipid antibodies	Confirmed	40-50 per 100,000	last=Sammaritano	first=Lisa R.	title=Antiphospholipid syndrome	journal=Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology	publisher=Elsevier BV	volume=34	issue=1	year=2020	issn=1521-6942	doi=10.1016/j.berh.2019.101463	article-number=101463	pmid=31866276	s2cid=209447261 }}
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria	None specific, mutation causes self-cells to become susceptible to attack	Possible	1-2 per million	last=Brodsky	first=Robert A.	title=How I treat paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria	journal=Blood	publisher=American Society of Hematology	volume=137	issue=10	date=2021-03-11	issn=0006-4971	doi=10.1182/blood.2019003812	pages=1304–1309	pmid=33512400	pmc=7955407 }}

Reproductive system

The reproductive system is responsible for the production and regulation of sex hormones, the formation of germ cells, and the nurturing of fertilized eggs. In women, it includes structures such as ovaries, fallopian tubes, a uterus, and a vagina, while in men, it includes testes, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate, and the penis. Autoimmune diseases of the reproductive system can affect both male and female fertility and reproductive health.

Autoimmune disease	Primary organ/body part affected	Autoantibodies	Acceptance as an autoimmune disease	Prevalence rate (US)	Cit.
Autoimmune orchitis	Testes	Anti-sperm antibodies	Probable	Not well established	date=November 2023}}
Autoimmune oophoritis	Ovaries	Anti-ovarian antibodies	Probable	Not well established
Endometriosis	Uterus, ovaries, and pelvic tissue	Various, including anti-endometrial antibodies	Probable	Approx. 10% of women of reproductive age	last1=Bulletti	first1=C.	last2=Coccia	first2=M. E.	last3=Battistoni	first3=S.	last4=Borini	first4=A.	title=Endometriosis and infertility	journal=Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics	publisher=Springer Science and Business Media LLC	volume=27	issue=8	date=2010-08-01	issn=1058-0468	doi=10.1007/s10815-010-9436-1	pages=441–447	pmid=20574791	pmc=2941592 }}
Premature ovarian failure	Ovaries	Anti-ovarian antibodies, Anti-adrenal antibodies	Confirmed	1% of women under 40 years	last=Nelson	first=Lawrence M.	title=Primary Ovarian Insufficiency	journal=New England Journal of Medicine	publisher=Massachusetts Medical Society	volume=360	issue=6	date=2009-02-05	issn=0028-4793	doi=10.1056/NEJMcp0808697	pages=606–614	pmid=19196677	pmc=2762081 }}

Eyes

Autoimmune disease	Primary organ/body part affected	Autoantibodies	Acceptance as an autoimmune disease	Prevalence rate (US)	Cit.
Autoimmune retinopathy	Retina	Various	Confirmed		last1=Dutta Majumder	first1=Parthopratim	last2=Marchese	first2=Alessandro	last3=Pichi	first3=Francesco	last4=Garg	first4=Itika	last5=Agarwal	first5=Aniruddha	title=An update on autoimmune retinopathy	journal=Indian Journal of Ophthalmology	publisher=Medknow	volume=68	issue=9	year=2020	pages=1829–1837	issn=0301-4738	doi=10.4103/ijo.ijo_786_20	pmid=32823399	pmc=7690499	doi-access=free }}
Autoimmune uveitis	Uvea	Various	Confirmed		last1=Horai	first1=Reiko	last2=Caspi	first2=Rachel R.	title=Microbiome and Autoimmune Uveitis	journal=Frontiers in Immunology	publisher=Frontiers Media SA	volume=10	date=2019-02-19	issn=1664-3224	doi=10.3389/fimmu.2019.00232	page=232	pmid=30837991	pmc=6389708	doi-access=free }}
Cogan syndrome	Inner ear and eye	None specific	Probable		last1=Espinoza	first1=Gabriela Mabel	last2=Wheeler	first2=Joseph	last3=Temprano	first3=Katherine K.	last4=Keller	first4=Angela Prost	title=Cogan's Syndrome: Clinical Presentations and Update on Treatment	journal=Current Allergy and Asthma Reports	publisher=Springer Science and Business Media LLC	volume=20	issue=9	date=2020-06-16	issn=1529-7322	doi=10.1007/s11882-020-00945-1	page=46	pmid=32548646	s2cid=219692073 }}
Graves' ophthalmopathy	Eye muscles and connective tissue	TSH receptor antibodies	Confirmed		last1=González-García	first1=Andrés	last2=Sales-Sanz	first2=Marco	title=Tratamiento de la oftalmopatía de Graves	journal=Medicina Clínica	publisher=Elsevier BV	volume=156	issue=4	year=2021	issn=0025-7753	doi=10.1016/j.medcli.2020.07.031	pages=180–186	pmid=33069387	s2cid=225173294	language=es}}
Intermediate uveitis	Uvea (pars plana)	Various	Probable		last1=Teo	first1=Andrea York Tiang	last2=Betzler	first2=Bjorn Kaijun	last3=Hua	first3=Keith Low Qie	last4=Chen	first4=Elizabeth Jiahui	last5=Gupta	first5=Vishali	last6=Agrawal	first6=Rupesh	title=Intermediate Uveitis: A Review	journal=Ocular Immunology and Inflammation	publisher=Informa UK Limited	volume=31	issue=5	date=2022-06-27	issn=0927-3948	doi=10.1080/09273948.2022.2070503	pages=1041–1060	pmid=35759636	s2cid=250090138 }}
Ligneous conjunctivitis	Conjunctiva	Plasminogen deficiency	Possible	Rare	last1=Tu	first1=Yufei	last2=Gonzalez-Gronow	first2=Mario	last3=Kolomeyer	first3=Anton M.	last4=Cohen	first4=Alice	last5=Pruzon	first5=Joanna	last6=Milman	first6=Tatyana	last7=Chu	first7=David S.	title=Adult-Onset Ligneous Conjunctivitis with Detection of a Novel Plasminogen Gene Mutation and Anti-Plasminogen IgA Antibody: A Clinicopathologic Study and Review of Literature	journal=Seminars in Ophthalmology	publisher=Informa UK Limited	date=2015-02-12	volume=31	issue=6	issn=0882-0538	doi=10.3109/08820538.2015.1005319	pages=526–531	pmid=25674820	s2cid=45834939 }}
Mooren's ulcer	Cornea	None specific	Probable	Rare	last1=He	first1=Na	last2=Song	first2=Wei	last3=Gao	first3=Ying	title=Treatment of Mooren's ulcer coexisting with a pterygium using an intrastromal lenticule obtained from small-incision lenticule extraction: case report and literature review	journal=Journal of International Medical Research	publisher=SAGE Publications	volume=49	issue=6	year=2021	issn=0300-0605	doi=10.1177/03000605211020246	page=030006052110202	pmid=34130538	pmc=8212381 }}
Neuromyelitis optica	Optic nerve and spinal cord	Anti-AQP4	Confirmed		last1=Wingerchuk	first1=Dean M.	last2=Banwell	first2=Brenda	last3=Bennett	first3=Jeffrey L.	last4=Cabre	first4=Philippe	last5=Carroll	first5=William	last6=Chitnis	first6=Tanuja	last7=de Seze	first7=Jérôme	last8=Fujihara	first8=Kazuo	last9=Greenberg	first9=Benjamin	last10=Jacob	first10=Anu	last11=Jarius	first11=Sven	last12=Lana-Peixoto	first12=Marco	last13=Levy	first13=Michael	last14=Simon	first14=Jack H.	last15=Tenembaum	first15=Silvia	last16=Traboulsee	first16=Anthony L.	last17=Waters	first17=Patrick	last18=Wellik	first18=Kay E.	last19=Weinshenker	first19=Brian G.	title=International consensus diagnostic criteria for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders	journal=Neurology	publisher=Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)	volume=85	issue=2	date=2015-06-19	issn=0028-3878	doi=10.1212/wnl.0000000000001729	pages=177–189	pmid=26092914	pmc=4515040	s2cid=5932243 }}
Opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome	Central nervous system, eye movement control	Anti-neuronal antibodies	Possible		last1=Bhatia	first1=Poonam	last2=Heim	first2=Jennifer	last3=Cornejo	first3=Patricia	last4=Kane	first4=Lauren	last5=Santiago	first5=Jason	last6=Kruer	first6=Michael C.	title=Opsoclonus–myoclonus–ataxia syndrome in children	journal=Journal of Neurology	publisher=Springer Science and Business Media LLC	volume=269	issue=2	date=2021-03-29	issn=0340-5354	doi=10.1007/s00415-021-10536-3	pages=750–757	pmid=33779841	s2cid=232387732 }}
Optic neuritis	Optic nerve	Various	Confirmed		last1=Petzold	first1=Axel	last2=Fraser	first2=Clare L	last3=Abegg	first3=Mathias	last4=Alroughani	first4=Raed	last5=Alshowaeir	first5=Daniah	last6=Alvarenga	first6=Regina	last7=Andris	first7=Cécile	last8=Asgari	first8=Nasrin	last9=Barnett	first9=Yael	last10=Battistella	first10=Roberto	last11=Behbehani	first11=Raed	last12=Berger	first12=Thomas	last13=Bikbov	first13=Mukharram M	last14=Biotti	first14=Damien	last15=Biousse	first15=Valerie	last16=Boschi	first16=Antonella	last17=Brazdil	first17=Milan	last18=Brezhnev	first18=Andrei	last19=Calabresi	first19=Peter A	last20=Cordonnier	first20=Monique	last21=Costello	first21=Fiona	last22=Cruz	first22=Franz M	last23=Cunha	first23=Leonardo Provetti	last24=Daoudi	first24=Smail	last25=Deschamps	first25=Romain	last26=de Seze	first26=Jerome	last27=Diem	first27=Ricarda	last28=Etemadifar	first28=Masoud	last29=Flores-Rivera	first29=Jose	last30=Fonseca	first30=Pedro	last31=Frederiksen	first31=Jette	last32=Frohman	first32=Elliot	last33=Frohman	first33=Teresa	last34=Tilikete	first34=Caroline Froment	last35=Fujihara	first35=Kazuo	last36=Gálvez	first36=Alberto	last37=Gouider	first37=Riadh	last38=Gracia	first38=Fernando	last39=Grigoriadis	first39=Nikolaos	last40=Guajardo	first40=José M	last41=Habek	first41=Mario	last42=Hawlina	first42=Marko	last43=Martínez-Lapiscina	first43=Elena H	last44=Hooker	first44=Juzar	last45=Hor	first45=Jyh Yung	last46=Howlett	first46=William	last47=Huang-Link	first47=Yumin	last48=Idrissova	first48=Zhannat	last49=Illes	first49=Zsolt	last50=Jancic	first50=Jasna	last51=Jindahra	first51=Panitha	last52=Karussis	first52=Dimitrios	last53=Kerty	first53=Emilia	last54=Kim	first54=Ho Jin	last55=Lagrèze	first55=Wolf	last56=Leocani	first56=Letizia	last57=Levin	first57=Netta	last58=Liskova	first58=Petra	last59=Liu	first59=Yaou	last60=Maiga	first60=Youssoufa	last61=Marignier	first61=Romain	last62=McGuigan	first62=Chris	last63=Meira	first63=Dália	last64=Merle	first64=Harold	last65=Monteiro	first65=Mário L R	last66=Moodley	first66=Anand	last67=Moura	first67=Frederico	last68=Muñoz	first68=Silvia	last69=Mustafa	first69=Sharik	last70=Nakashima	first70=Ichiro	last71=Noval	first71=Susana	last72=Oehninger	first72=Carlos	last73=Ogun	first73=Olufunmilola	last74=Omoti	first74=Afekhide	last75=Pandit	first75=Lekha	last76=Paul	first76=Friedemann	last77=Rebolleda	first77=Gema	last78=Reddel	first78=Stephen	last79=Rejdak	first79=Konrad	last80=Rejdak	first80=Robert	last81=Rodriguez-Morales	first81=Alfonso J	last82=Rougier	first82=Marie-Bénédicte	last83=Sa	first83=Maria Jose	last84=Sanchez-Dalmau	first84=Bernardo	last85=Saylor	first85=Deanna	last86=Shatriah	first86=Ismail	last87=Siva	first87=Aksel	last88=Stiebel-Kalish	first88=Hadas	last89=Szatmary	first89=Gabriella	last90=Ta	first90=Linh	last91=Tenembaum	first91=Silvia	last92=Tran	first92=Huy	last93=Trufanov	first93=Yevgen	last94=van Pesch	first94=Vincent	last95=Wang	first95=An-Guor	last96=Wattjes	first96=Mike P	last97=Willoughby	first97=Ernest	last98=Zakaria	first98=Magd	last99=Zvornicanin	first99=Jasmin	display-authors=1	last100=Balcer	first100=Laura	last101=Plant	first101=Gordon T	title=Diagnosis and classification of optic neuritis	journal=The Lancet Neurology	publisher=Elsevier BV	volume=21	issue=12	year=2022	issn=1474-4422	doi=10.1016/s1474-4422(22)00200-9	pages=1120–1134	pmid=36179757	s2cid=252564095	url=https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10156457/ }}
Scleritis	Sclera	Various	Possible		last1=Promelle	first1=Veronique	last2=Goeb	first2=Vincent	last3=Gueudry	first3=Julie	title=Rheumatoid Arthritis Associated Episcleritis and Scleritis: An Update on Treatment Perspectives	journal=Journal of Clinical Medicine	publisher=MDPI AG	volume=10	issue=10	date=2021-05-14	issn=2077-0383	doi=10.3390/jcm10102118	page=2118	pmid=34068884	pmc=8156434	doi-access=free }}
Susac's syndrome	Retina, cochlea, and brain	None specific	Probable		last1=Pereira	first1=Sara	last2=Vieira	first2=Bruna	last3=Maio	first3=Tiago	last4=Moreira	first4=Jorge	last5=Sampaio	first5=Filipa	title=Susac's Syndrome: An Updated Review	journal=Neuro-Ophthalmology	publisher=Informa UK Limited	volume=44	issue=6	date=2020-05-01	issn=0165-8107	doi=10.1080/01658107.2020.1748062	pages=355–360	pmid=33408428	pmc=7746245 }}
Sympathetic ophthalmia	Uveal tract	Various	Probable	Rare	last1=Agrawal	first1=Deepshikha	last2=Parchand	first2=Swapnil	last3=Ayyadurai	first3=Nikitha	last4=Agarwal	first4=Aniruddha	last5=Gangwe	first5=Anil	last6=Behera	first6=Shashwat	last7=Bhatia	first7=Priyavat	last8=Mulkutkar	first8=Samyak	last9=Barwar	first9=Gulshan	last10=Singh	first10=Ramandeep	last11=Sen	first11=Alok	last12=Agarwal	first12=Manisha	title=Sympathetic ophthalmia: A comprehensive update	journal=Indian Journal of Ophthalmology	publisher=Medknow	volume=70	issue=6	year=2022	pages=1931–1944	issn=0301-4738	doi=10.4103/ijo.ijo_2363_21	pmid=35647958	pmc=9359263	doi-access=free }}
Tolosa–Hunt syndrome	Orbit	None specific	Uncertain	Rare	last1=Badakere	first1=Akshay	last2=Patil- Chhablani	first2=Preeti	title=Orbital Apex Syndrome: A Review	journal=Eye and Brain	publisher=Informa UK Limited	volume=11	year=2019	issn=1179-2744	doi=10.2147/eb.s180190	pages=63–72	pmid=31849556	pmc=6913296	doi-access=free }}

Musculoskeletal system

These autoimmune diseases are primarily associated with the muscles, joints and neuromuscular function.

Autoimmune disease	Primary organ/body part affected	Autoantibodies	Acceptance as an autoimmune disorder	Prevalence rate (US)	Cit.
Dermatomyositis			Confirmed
Fibromyalgia	Musculoskeletal system, pain perception	None specific	Possible		last1=Siracusa	first1=Rosalba	last2=Paola	first2=Rosanna Di	last3=Cuzzocrea	first3=Salvatore	last4=Impellizzeri	first4=Daniela	title=Fibromyalgia: Pathogenesis, Mechanisms, Diagnosis and Treatment Options Update	journal=International Journal of Molecular Sciences	publisher=MDPI AG	volume=22	issue=8	date=2021-04-09	issn=1422-0067	doi=10.3390/ijms22083891	page=3891	pmid=33918736	pmc=8068842	doi-access=free }}
Inclusion body myositis	Proximal and distal muscles	None specific	Probable		last=Greenberg	first=Steven A.	title=Inclusion body myositis: clinical features and pathogenesis	journal=Nature Reviews Rheumatology	publisher=Springer Science and Business Media LLC	volume=15	issue=5	date=2019-03-05	issn=1759-4790	doi=10.1038/s41584-019-0186-x	pages=257–272	pmid=30837708	s2cid=71146208 }}
Myositis	Skeletal muscles	Various, depends on subtype	Confirmed		last1=Betteridge	first1=Z.	last2=McHugh	first2=N.	title=Myositis-specific autoantibodies: an important tool to support diagnosis of myositis	journal=Journal of Internal Medicine	publisher=Wiley	volume=280	issue=1	date=2015-11-25	issn=0954-6820	doi=10.1111/joim.12451	pages=8–23	pmid=26602539	s2cid=41157692	doi-access=free }}
Myasthenia gravis	Voluntary muscles, neuromuscular junctions	Anti-acetylcholine receptor, Anti-MuSK	Confirmed		last1=Gilhus	first1=Nils Erik	last2=Verschuuren	first2=Jan J	title=Myasthenia gravis: subgroup classification and therapeutic strategies	journal=The Lancet Neurology	publisher=Elsevier BV	volume=14	issue=10	year=2015	issn=1474-4422	doi=10.1016/s1474-4422(15)00145-3	pages=1023–1036	pmid=26376969	s2cid=19615369 }}
Neuromyotonia	Peripheral nerves affecting muscle control	Anti-voltage-gated potassium channels	Probable		last1=Comperat	first1=Louis	last2=Pegat	first2=Antoine	last3=Honnorat	first3=Jérôme	last4=Joubert	first4=Bastien	title=Autoimmune neuromyotonia	journal=Current Opinion in Neurology	publisher=Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)	volume=35	issue=5	date=2022-08-19	issn=1350-7540	doi=10.1097/wco.0000000000001104	pages=597–603	pmid=35989569	s2cid=251720232 }}
Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration	Central nervous system, cerebellum	Anti-Yo, Anti-Hu, Anti-Ri, others	Confirmed		last1=Loehrer	first1=Philipp Alexander	last2=Zieger	first2=Lara	last3=Simon	first3=Ole J.	title=Update on Paraneoplastic Cerebellar Degeneration	journal=Brain Sciences	publisher=MDPI AG	volume=11	issue=11	date=2021-10-26	issn=2076-3425	doi=10.3390/brainsci11111414	page=1414	pmid=34827413	pmc=8615604	doi-access=free }}
Rheumatoid arthritis	Big and small joints of extremities, temporomandibular joints	Citrullinated proteins	Confirmed	0.5 - 1%
Polymyositis	Proximal skeletal muscles	Anti-Jo-1, Anti-SRP, others	Confirmed		last1=Findlay	first1=Andrew R.	last2=Goyal	first2=Namita A.	last3=Mozaffar	first3=Tahseen	title=An overview of polymyositis and dermatomyositis	journal=Muscle & Nerve	publisher=Wiley	volume=51	issue=5	date=2015-04-20	issn=0148-639X	doi=10.1002/mus.24566	pages=638–656	pmid=25641317	s2cid=206296273	doi-access=free }}

Autoimmune comorbidities

This list includes conditions that are not diseases, but symptoms or syndromes common to autoimmune disease.

Chronic fatigue syndrome
Complex regional pain syndrome
Eosinophilic esophagitis
Gastritis
POEMS syndrome
Raynaud's phenomenon
Primary immunodeficiency
Pyoderma gangrenosum

Non-autoimmune

At this time, there is not sufficient evidence to indicate that the diseases in the following table are caused by autoimmunity. This section is included because some of these conditions are immune-related but frequently confused with autoimmune diseases. Others are conditions that have been historically speculated as autoimmune due to overlapping symptoms like inflammation, but have been reclassified or excluded based on current research.

Disease	Reason not believed to be autoimmune	Cit.
Agammaglobulinemia	An immune system disorder but not an autoimmune disease.
Amyloidosis	No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis	No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity.
Anti-tubular basement membrane nephritis	No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity.
Atopic allergy	A hypersensitivity.
Atopic dermatitis	A hypersensitivity.
Autism	No consistent evidence of association with maternal autoimmunity.
Blau syndrome	Overlaps both sarcoidosis and granuloma annulare. No evidence of association with autoimmunity.
Cancer	No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity.
Castleman's disease	An immune system disorder but not an autoimmune disease.
Chagas disease	No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity.	vauthors=Agustí A, MacNee W, Donaldson K, Cosio M	title = Hypothesis: does COPD have an autoimmune component?	journal = Thorax	volume = 58	issue = 10	pages = 832–834	year = 2003	pmid = 14514931	pmc = 1746486	doi = 10.1136/thorax.58.10.832 }}
Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis	LPIN2, D18S60. Synonyms: Majeed syndrome.
Complement component 2 deficiency	Possibly symptomatic of autoimmune diseases, but not a disease.
Congenital heart block	May be related to autoimmune activity in the mother.
Contact dermatitis	A hypersensitivity.
Cushing's syndrome	No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity.
Cutaneous leukocytoclastic angiitis	No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity.
Dego's disease	No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity.
Eosinophilic gastroenteritis	Possibly a hypersensitivity.
Eosinophilic pneumonia	A class of diseases, some of which may be autoimmune.
Erythroblastosis fetalis	Mother's immune system attacks fetus. An immune system disorder but not autoimmune.
Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva	Possibly an immune system disorder but not autoimmune.
Gastrointestinal pemphigoid	No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity.
Hypogammaglobulinemia	An immune system disorder but not autoimmune.
Idiopathic giant-cell myocarditis	No consistent evidence of autoimmune cause though the disease has been found comorbid with other autoimmune diseases.
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis	Autoantibodies: SFTPA1, SFTPA2, TERT, and TERC.
IgA nephropathy	An immune system disorder but not an autoimmune disease.
IPEX syndrome	A genetic mutation in FOXP3 that leads to autoimmune diseases, but not an autoimmune disorder itself.
Ligneous conjunctivitis	No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity.
Majeed syndrome	No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity.
Narcolepsy	No evidence of association with autoimmunity. Research not reproducible.	vauthors=Hallmayer J, Faraco J, Lin L, Hesselson S, Winkelmann J, Kawashima M, Mayer G, Plazzi G, Nevsimalova S, Bourgin P, Hong SC, Hong SS, Honda Y, Honda M, Högl B, Longstreth WT, Montplaisir J, Kemlink D, Einen M, Chen J, Musone SL, Akana M, Miyagawa T, Duan J, Desautels A, Erhardt C, Hesla PE, Poli F, Frauscher B, Jeong JH, Lee SP, Ton TG, Kvale M, Kolesar L, Dobrovolná M, Nepom GT, Salomon D, Wichmann HE, Rouleau GA, Gieger C, Levinson DF, Gejman PV, Meitinger T, Young T, Peppard P, Tokunaga K, Kwok PY, Risch N, Mignot E	title = Narcolepsy is strongly associated with the TCR alpha locus	journal = Nature Genetics	volume = 41	issue = 6	pages = 708–11	date = June 2009	pmid = 19412176	pmc = 2803042	doi = 10.1038/ng.372}}
Rasmussen's encephalitis	No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity.
Schizophrenia	No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity.
Serum sickness	A hypersensitivity.
Spondyloarthropathy	No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity.
Sweet's syndrome	No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity.
Takayasu's arteritis	No consistent evidence of association with autoimmunity.
Undifferentiated spondyloarthropathy

Notes

References

(2017-03-16). "Alopecia areata". Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
(2014). "Lifetime Incidence Risk of Alopecia Areata Estimated at 2.1% by Rochester Epidemiology Project, 1990–2009". Elsevier BV.
(2021-01-08). "Acquired angioedema - About the Disease".
(2021-11-02). "Autoimmune Progesterone Dermatitis". Cureus, Inc..
(2022). "Autoimmune chronic spontaneous urticaria". Elsevier BV.
(2019). "Prevalence estimates for chronic urticaria in the United States: A sex- and age-adjusted population analysis". Elsevier BV.
(2022-07-07). "Insights Into the Pathogenesis of Bullous Pemphigoid: The Role of Complement-Independent Mechanisms". Frontiers Media SA.
(2021-07-10). "European guidelines (S3) on diagnosis and management of mucous membrane pemphigoid, initiated by the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology – Part I". Wiley.
(2021-01-11). "Dermatitis Herpetiformis: An Update on Diagnosis and Management". Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
(2021-10-20). "Dermatomyositis With Anti-MDA5 Antibodies: Bioclinical Features, Pathogenesis and Emerging Therapies". Frontiers Media SA.
(1995). "Discoid lupus erythematosus". Wiley.
(2022). "Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita". Elsevier BV.
(2021-03-08). "Erythema Nodosum: A Practical Approach and Diagnostic Algorithm". Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
(2020-03-16). "A Review Comparing International Guidelines for the Management of Bullous Pemphigoid, Pemphigoid Gestationis, Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid, and Epidermolysis Bullosa Acquisita". Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
(2020). "Hidradenitis suppurativa". Elsevier BV.
(2018). "Lichen planus and lichenoid dermatoses". Elsevier BV.
Kirtschig, Gudula. (2016-05-13). "Lichen Sclerosus—Presentation, Diagnosis and Management". Deutscher Arzte-Verlag GmbH.
(2021-08-12). "Updates in the Diagnosis and Management of Linear IgA Disease: A Systematic Review". MDPI AG.
(2018). "Morphea: Current concepts". Elsevier BV.
(2015). "Psoriasis". Elsevier BV.
(2019-08-04). "Pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus foliaceus: an overview of the clinical presentation, investigations and management". Oxford University Press (OUP).
(2015). "Localized scleroderma: clinical spectrum and therapeutic update". FapUNIFESP (SciELO).
(2023). "Síndrome de Sjögren". Elsevier BV.
(2020). "Vitiligo: A Review". S. Karger AG.
(2020-08-24). "A Review of Autoimmune Enteropathy and Its Associated Syndromes". Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
(2019-11-25). "Autoimmune Hepatitis—Immunologically Triggered Liver Pathogenesis—Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategies". Hindawi Limited.
(2022). "Coeliac disease". Elsevier BV.
(2017). "Crohn's disease". Elsevier BV.
(2020-04-24). "Pernicious anaemia". BMJ.
(2012). "Ulcerative colitis". Elsevier BV.
(2016-01-14). "Acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease". Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
(2020-09-13). "Kawasaki Disease: an Update". Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
(2019-11-25). "Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA): Pathogenesis, Clinical Aspects and Treatment Approaches". Bentham Science Publishers Ltd..
(2020-08-26). "Pathogenesis of Giant Cell Arteritis and Takayasu Arteritis—Similarities and Differences". Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
(2007-09-22). "Should Rituximab be Considered as the First-Choice Treatment for Severe Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases?". Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
(2019-03-29). "Immunopathogenesis of Behcet's Disease". Frontiers Media SA.
(2023). "Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis: A review". Elsevier BV.
(2021-06-25). "IgA vasculitis". Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
(2021-03-13). "Diagnosis and management of leukocytoclastic vasculitis". Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
(2020-08-26). "Lupus Vasculitis". Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
(2023). "Rheumatoid vasculitis in 2023: Changes and challenges since the biologics era". Elsevier BV.
(2015). "Microscopic polyangiitis: Advances in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches". Elsevier BV.
(September 24, 1949). "Pathogenesis of Hypertensive Arterial Necrosis". JAMA.
(23 May 1963). "More on Necrotizing Arteriolitis". New England Journal of Medicine.
(2022-01-25). "Polyarteritis nodosa". Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health).
(2022-06-11). "An update on polymyalgia rheumatica". Wiley.
(2021). "Urticarial vasculitis". Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health).
(2022). "Treatment Guidelines in Vasculitis". Elsevier BV.
(2023-03-15). "Goodpasture syndrome and anti-glomerular basement membrane disease". Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology.
(2021). "The mucosal immune system and IgA nephropathy". Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
(2019-01-01). "Primary membranous nephropathy: comprehensive review and historical perspective". Oxford University Press (OUP).
(May 2017). "Update on Lupus Nephritis". Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology.
(1997-03-01). "Interstitial nephritis". Postgraduate Medical Journal.
(March 2018). "Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome". Seminars in Reproductive Medicine.
(December 2017). "Primary sclerosing cholangitis – a comprehensive review". Journal of Hepatology.
(2020-11-03). "Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis: Current Perspectives". Children.
Kaida, Kenichi. (2019). "Guillain–Barré Syndrome". Springer Singapore.
(November 2019). "An update on anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis for neurologists and psychiatrists: mechanisms and models". The Lancet Neurology.
(2020-12-24). "Autoimmune Encephalitis: Current Knowledge on Subtypes, Disease Mechanisms and Treatment". CNS & Neurological Disorders Drug Targets.
(July 2014). "Baló's concentric sclerosis". The Lancet Neurology.
(December 2020). "Bickerstaff's brainstem encephalitis in childhood: a literature overview". European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences.
(February 2021). "Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy—Diagnostic pitfalls and treatment approach". Muscle & Nerve.
(November 2016). "Guillain-Barré syndrome: causes, immunopathogenic mechanisms and treatment". Expert Review of Clinical Immunology.
(2007). "Hashimoto???s Encephalopathy: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis and Management". CNS Drugs.
(April 2013). "Idiopathic Inflammatory Demyelinating Diseases of the Brainstem". Seminars in Ultrasound, CT and MRI.
(2022-12-22). "Myasthenia Gravis and Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome: New Developments in Diagnosis and Treatment". Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment.
(April 2018). "Multiple Sclerosis". Seminars in Neurology.
(October 2015). "Myasthenia gravis: subgroup classification and therapeutic strategies". The Lancet Neurology.
(November 2020). "Update on neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder". Current Opinion in Ophthalmology.
(November 2018). "Comorbidities, treatment, and pathophysiology in restless legs syndrome". The Lancet Neurology.
(August 2022). "Stiff person syndrome spectrum disorders; more than meets the eye". Journal of Neuroimmunology.
(January 2016). "Neuropsychiatric manifestations of Sydenham's chorea: a systematic review". Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology.
(February 2013). "Transverse Myelitis". Neurologic Clinics.
(June 16, 2023). "Undifferentiated Connective Tissue Disease With Isolated Diaphragmatic Dysfunction". Cureus.
(2020). "Autoimmune Addison's disease". Elsevier BV.
(2023-07-27). "A Systematic Review of Autoimmune Oophoritis Therapies". Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
(2014). "Diagnosis and classification of autoimmune orchitis". Elsevier BV.
(2022-10-21). "Autoimmune Pancreatitis: From Pathogenesis to Treatment". MDPI AG.
(2022). "Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1: Clinical manifestations, pathogenetic features, and management approach". Elsevier BV.
(2018-03-22). "Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndromes". Massachusetts Medical Society.
(2022). "MicroRNAs and Diabetes Mellitus Type 1". Bentham Science Publishers Ltd..
(2024). "Prevalence of Type 1 Diabetes Among US Children and Adults by Age, Sex, Race, and Ethnicity". JAMA.
(2022-06-25). "The Role of the Immune System in the Development of Endometriosis". MDPI AG.
(2015-04-30). "Preclinical Models of Graves' Disease and Associated Secondary Complications". Bentham Science Publishers Ltd..
(2022-06-13). "Metabolic Characteristics of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis Patients and the Role of Microelements and Diet in the Disease Management—An Overview". MDPI AG.
(2009-03-01). "Thyroid Volume in Hypothyroidism due to Autoimmune Disease Follows a Unimodal Distribution: Evidence against Primary Thyroid Atrophy and Autoimmune Thyroiditis Being Distinct Diseases". The Endocrine Society.
(2017-04-25). "Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and a role for autoimmunity". Wiley.
(2021-06-23). "Rheumatoid arthritis-interstitial lung disease: manifestations and current concepts in pathogenesis and management". European Respiratory Society (ERS).
(2019-03-07). "Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis". Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
(2022). "Pathogenesis, clinical features, and treatment strategy for rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease". Elsevier BV.
(2022). "Sarcoidosis". Elsevier BV.
(2022). "Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia: Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis". Elsevier BV.
(2017). "Pathogenesis of immune thrombocytopenia". Elsevier BV.
Sadler, J. Evan. (2017-09-07). "Pathophysiology of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura". American Society of Hematology.
Sammaritano, Lisa R.. (2020). "Antiphospholipid syndrome". Elsevier BV.
Brodsky, Robert A.. (2021-03-11). "How I treat paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria". American Society of Hematology.
{{citation needed. (November 2023)
(2010-08-01). "Endometriosis and infertility". Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
Nelson, Lawrence M.. (2009-02-05). "Primary Ovarian Insufficiency". Massachusetts Medical Society.
(2020). "An update on autoimmune retinopathy". Medknow.
(2019-02-19). "Microbiome and Autoimmune Uveitis". Frontiers Media SA.
(2020-06-16). "Cogan's Syndrome: Clinical Presentations and Update on Treatment". Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
(2021). "Tratamiento de la oftalmopatía de Graves". Elsevier BV.
(2022-06-27). "Intermediate Uveitis: A Review". Informa UK Limited.
(2015-02-12). "Adult-Onset Ligneous Conjunctivitis with Detection of a Novel Plasminogen Gene Mutation and Anti-Plasminogen IgA Antibody: A Clinicopathologic Study and Review of Literature". Informa UK Limited.
(2021). "Treatment of Mooren's ulcer coexisting with a pterygium using an intrastromal lenticule obtained from small-incision lenticule extraction: case report and literature review". SAGE Publications.
(2015-06-19). "International consensus diagnostic criteria for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders". Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health).
(2021-03-29). "Opsoclonus–myoclonus–ataxia syndrome in children". Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
(2022). "Diagnosis and classification of optic neuritis". Elsevier BV.
(2021-05-14). "Rheumatoid Arthritis Associated Episcleritis and Scleritis: An Update on Treatment Perspectives". MDPI AG.
(2020-05-01). "Susac's Syndrome: An Updated Review". Informa UK Limited.
(2022). "Sympathetic ophthalmia: A comprehensive update". Medknow.
(2019). "<p>Orbital Apex Syndrome: A Review</p>". Informa UK Limited.
(2021-04-09). "Fibromyalgia: Pathogenesis, Mechanisms, Diagnosis and Treatment Options Update". MDPI AG.
Greenberg, Steven A.. (2019-03-05). "Inclusion body myositis: clinical features and pathogenesis". Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
(2015-11-25). "Myositis-specific autoantibodies: an important tool to support diagnosis of myositis". Wiley.
(2015). "Myasthenia gravis: subgroup classification and therapeutic strategies". Elsevier BV.
(2022-08-19). "Autoimmune neuromyotonia". Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health).
(2021-10-26). "Update on Paraneoplastic Cerebellar Degeneration". MDPI AG.
(2015-04-20). "An overview of polymyositis and dermatomyositis". Wiley.
(2014). "The autoimmune diseases". Academic Press.
(2003). "POEMS syndrome: definitions and long-term outcome". Blood.
(May 2004). "The Molecular Pathology of Primary Immunodeficiencies". The Journal of Molecular Diagnostics.
(2006). "Further thoughts on where we stand on the autoimmunity hypothesis of Chagas disease". Trends in Parasitology.
(2003). "Hypothesis: does COPD have an autoimmune component?". Thorax.
(2007). "Antielastin autoimmunity in tobacco smoking-induced emphysema". Nature Medicine.
(31 October 2012). "Idiopathic giant cell myocarditis and cardiac sarcoidosis". Heart Failure Reviews.
(June 2009). "Narcolepsy is strongly associated with the TCR alpha locus". Nature Genetics.
(2009-05-03). "Narcolepsy is an autoimmune disorder, Stanford researcher says". American Association for the Advancement of Science.
Mignot E. (2001). "A commentary on the neurobiology of the hypocretin/orexin system". Neuropsychopharmacology.
(November 2005). "Genetics of narcolepsy and other major sleep disorders". [[Swiss Medical Weekly]].
(2006). "Association of schizophrenia and autoimmune diseases: linkage of Danish national registers". American Journal of Psychiatry.
(2005). "Immune dysregulation and self-reactivity in schizophrenia: do some cases of schizophrenia have an autoimmune basis?". Immunology and Cell Biology.
(2006). "Schizophrenia, autoimmunity and immune system dysregulation: a comprehensive model updated and revisited". Journal of Autoimmunity.

Info: Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

autoimmune-diseases lists-of-diseases disability-related-lists

Want to explore this topic further?

Ask Mako anything about List of autoimmune diseases — get instant answers, deeper analysis, and related topics.

Research with Mako

Free with your Surf account

Content sourced from Wikipedia, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This content may have been generated or modified by AI. CloudSurf Software LLC is not responsible for the accuracy, completeness, or reliability of AI-generated content. Always verify important information from primary sources.

Report