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List of artificial objects on the Moon

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List of artificial objects on the Moon

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This is a partial list of artificial materials left on the Moon, many during the missions of the Apollo program. The table below does not include lesser Apollo mission artificial objects, such as a hammer and other tools, retroreflectors, Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Packages, or the commemorative, artistic, and personal objects left by the twelve Apollo astronauts, such as the United States flags, the commemorative plaques attached to the ladders of the six Apollo Lunar Modules, the silver astronaut pin left by Alan Bean in honor of Clifton C. Williams whom he replaced, the Bible left by David Scott, the Fallen Astronaut statuette and memorial plaque placed by the crew of Apollo 15, the Apollo 11 goodwill messages disc, or the golf balls Alan Shepard hit during an Apollo 14 moonwalk.

A map depicting all known locations of artificial objects on the Moon from 1959 to 2025

Five S-IVB third stages of Saturn V rockets from the Apollo program crashed into the Moon, and are the heaviest human-made objects on the lunar surface. Humans have left over 187,400 kg of material on the Moon. Besides the 2019 Chang'e 4 and SLIM missions, the only artificial objects on the Moon that are still in use are the retroreflectors for the Lunar Laser Ranging experiments left there by the Apollo 11, 14, and 15 astronauts, Chandrayaan-3 lunar lander, and by the Soviet Union's Lunokhod 1 and Lunokhod 2 missions.

Objects at greater than 90 degrees east or west are on the far side of the Moon, including Ranger 4, Lunar Orbiter 1, Lunar Orbiter 2, Lunar Orbiter 3, Chang'e 4 lander and Yutu-2 rover.

Because of increasing numbers of missions to and objects at the Moon, a global registry of lunar activities has been proposed in 2023 by the Open Lunar Foundation.

List

Legend

Colors

Table of objects

Artificial objectImageCountryYearMass (lb)Mass (kg)StatusLocationNotesTotal estimated dry mass482,435218,82940 major objects landed softly
Luna 2[[File:Luna 1 - 2 Spacecraft.png80x80pxcenter]]USSR1959390 kg390Impactor
Luna 2
Third stage of Vostok rocket[[File:Block-E rocket stage.png80pxcenter]]USSR19599100 kg9,100Crashed (post-mission)
Ranger 4[[File:1964 71394L.jpg80pxcenter]]United States1962331 kg331Crashed (controlled impact failed)
Ranger 6[[File:The Ranger Spacecraft GPN-2000-001979.jpg80pxcenter]]United States1964381 kg381Impactor
Ranger 7[[File:The Ranger Spacecraft GPN-2000-001979.jpg80pxcenter]]United States1964365 kg365Impactor
Luna 5USSR19651474 kg1,474Crashed
Luna 7USSR19651504 kg1,504Crashed
Luna 8USSR19651552 kg (launch mass)1552 (launch mass)Crashed
Ranger 8[[File:The Ranger Spacecraft GPN-2000-001979.jpg80pxcenter]]United States1965367 kg367Impactor
Ranger 9[[File:The Ranger Spacecraft GPN-2000-001979.jpg80pxcenter]]United States1965367 kg367Impactor
Luna 9 spacecraft/descent stage[[File:Luna 9 Musee du Bourget P1010505.JPG80pxcenter]]USSR19661538 kg (before lander capsule ejection)1538 (before lander capsule ejection)Crashed (post-mission)
Luna 9 *Automated Lunar Station* (ALS) airbag and lander capsule[[File:Luna-9 model.jpg80pxcenter]]USSR196699 kg99Landed
Luna 10[[File:Luna 10 Musee du Bourget P1010504.JPG80pxcenter]]USSR19661600 kg1,600Crashed
(post-mission)Unknown
Luna 11USSR19661640 kg1,640Crashed (post-mission)Unknown
Luna 12USSR19661670 kg1,670Crashed (post-mission)Unknown
Surveyor 1 (separate from descent stage)[[File:Surveyor NASA lunar lander.jpg80pxcenter]]United States1966270 kg270Landed
Luna 13 (separate from descent stage)[[File:Luna13 lander vsm.jpg80pxcenter]]USSR1966113 kg113Landed
Lunar Orbiter 1[[File:Lunar Orbiter Engineering Mock-up.jpg80pxcenter]]United States1966386 kg386Crashed
(post-mission)
Surveyor 2[[File:Surveyor NASA lunar lander.jpg80pxcenter]]United States1966292 kg292Crashed
Lunar Orbiter 2[[File:Lunar Orbiter Engineering Mock-up.jpg80pxcenter]]United States1966385 kg385Crashed
(post-mission)
Lunar Orbiter 3[[File:Lunar Orbiter Engineering Mock-up.jpg80pxcenter]]United States1966386 kg386Crashed
(post-mission)
Surveyor 3 (separate from descent stage)[[File:Surveyor 3 on the Moon.jpg80pxcenter]]United States1967281 kg281Landed
Lunar Orbiter 4[[File:Lunar Orbiter Engineering Mock-up.jpg80pxcenter]]United States1967386 kg386Crashed
(post-mission)Unknown
Surveyor 4[[File:Surveyor NASA lunar lander.jpg80pxcenter]]United States1967283 kg283Crashed
Explorer 35[[File:IMP-E.jpg80pxcenter]]United States1967104 kg104Crashed
(post mission)Unknown
Lunar Orbiter 5[[File:Lunar Orbiter Engineering Mock-up.jpg80pxcenter]]United States1967386 kg386Crashed
(post-mission)
Surveyor 5 (separate from descent stage)[[File:Surveyor NASA lunar lander.jpg80pxcenter]]United States1967281 kg281Landed
Surveyor 6 (separate from descent stage)[[File:Surveyor NASA lunar lander.jpg80pxcenter]]United States1967282 kg282Landed
Surveyor 7 (separate from descent stage)[[File:Surveyor NASA lunar lander.jpg80pxcenter]]United States1968290 kg290Landed
Luna 14USSR19681670 kg1,670Crashed (post-mission)Unknown
Apollo 10
LM-4 *Snoopy* descent stage[[File:LEM-linedrawing.png80pxcenter]]United States19692211 kg2,211Likely crashed
(post-mission)Unknown
Apollo 11
LM-5 *Eagle* descent stage[[File:Buzz Aldrin and Apollo 11 Lunar Lander, AS11-40-5927.jpg80pxcenter]]United States19692034 kg2,034Landed
Luna 15USSR19692718 kg2,718CrashedUnknown
Apollo 11
LM-5 *Eagle* ascent stage[[File:Apollo 17 LM Ascent Stage.jpg80pxcenter]]United States19692184 kg2,184Crashed (post-mission) or in orbitUnknown
Apollo 12
LM-6 *Intrepid* descent stage[[File:Bean Descends Intrepid - GPN-2000-001317.jpg80pxcenter]]United States19692211 kg2,211Landed
Apollo 12
LM-6 *Intrepid* ascent stage[[File:Apollo 17 LM Ascent Stage.jpg80pxcenter]]United States19692164 kg2,164Crashed
(post-mission)
Luna 16 descent stage[[File:Luna 16.jpg80pxcenter]]USSR19701380 kg1,380Landed
Luna 17 and Lunokhod 1[[File:Луноход.JPG80pxcenter]]USSR19705600 kg5,600Landed
Apollo 13
S-IVB (S-IVB-508)[[File:AS17-148-22714 crop.jpg80pxcenter]]United States197013454 kg13,454Crashed (post-mission)
Luna 18USSR19711880 kg1,880Crashed
Luna 19USSR19711880 kg1,880Crashed (post-mission)Unknown
Apollo 14
S-IVB (S-IVB-509)[[File:AS17-148-22714 crop.jpg80pxcenter]]United States197114016 kg14,016Crashed (post-mission)
Apollo 14
LM-8 *Antares* descent stage[[File:LRO Apollo14 landing site 369228main ap14labeled 540.jpg80pxcenter]]United States19712144 kg2,144Landed
Apollo 14
LM-8 *Antares* ascent stage[[File:Apollo 17 LM Ascent Stage.jpg80pxcenter]]United States19712134 kg2,132Crashed
(post-mission)
Apollo 15
S-IVB (S-IVB-510)[[File:AS17-148-22714 crop.jpg80pxcenter]]United States197114036 kg14,036Crashed (post-mission)
Apollo 15
LM-10 *Falcon* descent stage[[File:Apollo16LM.jpg80pxcenter]]United States19712809 kg2,809Landed
Apollo 15
Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV-1)[[File:Apollo15LunarRover.jpg80pxcenter]]United States1971210 kg210Landed
Apollo 15
LM-10 *Falcon* ascent stage[[File:Apollo 17 LM Ascent Stage.jpg80pxcenter]]United States19712132 kg2,132Crashed
(post-mission)
Apollo 15 subsatellite[[File:Apollo 15 Subsatellite.jpg80pxcenter]]United States197136 kg36Crashed
(post-mission)Unknown
Luna 20 descent stageUSSR1972{{sort12626{{sort5727Landed
Apollo 16
S-IVB (S-IVB-511)[[File:AS17-148-22714 crop.jpg80pxcenter]]United States197214002 kg14,002Crashed (post-mission)
Apollo 16
LM-11 *Orion* descent stage[[File:Apollo16LM.jpg80pxcenter]]United States19722765 kg2,765Landed
Apollo 16
Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV-2)[[File:AS16-110-18009 (21673657156).jpg80pxcenter]]United States1972210 kg210Landed
Apollo 16
LM-11 *Orion* ascent stage[[File:Apollo 17 LM Ascent Stage.jpg80pxcenter]]United States19722138 kg2,138Crashed
(post-mission)Unknown
Apollo 16 subsatellite[[File:Apollo 15 Subsatellite.jpg80pxcenter]]United States197236 kg36Crashed
(post-mission)Unknown
Apollo 17
S-IVB (S-IVB-512)[[File:AS17-148-22714 crop.jpg80pxcenter]]United States197213960 kg13,960Crashed (post-mission)
Apollo 17
LM-12 *Challenger* descent stage[[File:Apollo16LM.jpg80pxcenter]]United States19722798 kg2,798Landed
Apollo 17
Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV-3)[[File:Apollo 17 rover at final resting site.jpg80pxcenter]]United States1972210 kg210Landed
Apollo 17
LM-12 *Challenger* ascent stage[[File:Apollo 17 LM Ascent Stage.jpg80pxcenter]]United States19722150 kg2,150Crashed
(post-mission)
96 bags of human waste (urine, feces, vomit)United States1969–1972Discarded on surface by astronautsNear to all Apollo landing sites--
Luna 21 and Lunokhod 2[[File:Luna and Lunokhod.png80pxcenter]]USSR19734850 kg4,850Landed
Explorer 49 (RAE-B)[[File:RAE B.jpg80pxcenter]]United States1973328 kg328Crashed (post-mission)Unknown
Luna 22USSR19744000 kg4,000Crashed (post-mission)Unknown
Luna 23USSR19745600 kg5,600Landed
Luna 24 descent stageUSSR1976{{sort12787{{sort5800Landed
Hagoromo
Hiten[[File:Hiten.gif80pxcenter]]Japan199012 kg12Crashed
(not confirmed/post-mission)Unknown
Hiten[[File:Hiten.gif80pxcenter]]Japan1993143 kg143Crashed (post-mission)/Impactor
Lunar Prospector[[File:Lunar Prospector orbiter.jpg80pxcenter]]United States1998126 kg126Crashed (post-mission)
SMART-1[[File:SMART-1 Impact flash.jpg80pxcenter]][[Image:ESA logo simple.svg24pxlink=European Space Agency]] European Space Agency2006307 kg307Crashed (post-mission)
Moon Impact Probe (MIP)
Chandrayaan-1[[File:Chandrayaan-1-MIP2.jpgcenter80x80px]]India200835 kg35Impactor
SELENE Rstar (Okina)Japan200953 kg53Crashed (post-mission)
SELENE Vstar (Ouna)JapanUnknown53 kg53Crashed (post-mission)Unknown
Chang'e 1[[File:Chang'e-1 mockup at BASM.jpg80pxcenter]]China20092000 kg2,000Crashed (post-mission)
SELENE (Kaguya) main orbiterJapan20091984 kg1,984Crashed (post-mission)
LCROSS Shepherding Spacecraft[[File:LCROSS Centaur.jpg80pxcenter]]United States2009700 kg700Crashed (post-mission)
LCROSS Centaur[[File:LCROSS Centaur 1.jpg80pxcenter]]United States20092270 kg2,270Impactor
GRAIL[[File:GRAIL.jpg80pxcenter]]United States2012133 kg133Crashed
(post-mission)
Chang'e 3 landerChina20131200 kg1,200Landed/operational
Chang'e 3
*Yutu* rover[[File:Yutu rover.jpg80pxcenter]]China20131200 kg1,200Landed
LADEE[[File:LADEE fires small engines.jpg80pxcenter]]United States2014248 kg248Crashed (post-mission)
Chang'e 4 lander[[File:ChangE-4 - PCAM.png80pxcenter]]China20191200 kg1,200Landed/operational
Chang'e 4
*Yutu-2* rover[[File:ChangE-4, Yutu-2 (cropped).png80pxcenter]]China20191200 kg1,200Landed/operational
*Beresheet*[[File:Beresheet model on Habima Square 20190222 01.jpg80pxcenter]]Israel2019150 kg150Crashed
Longjiang-2China201947 kg47Crashed (post-mission)
Chandrayaan-2
Vikram lander
*Pragyan* rover[[File:GSLV_Mk_III_M1,_Chandrayaan-2_-_Pragyan_rover_mounted_on_the_ramp_of_Vikram_lander.jpg80pxcenter]]India20191471 kg1,471Crashed
Chang'e 5 descent stage
China20207,0553,200Landed
Chang'e 5 ascent stage
[[File:Chang'e-5 mockup at CSTM 03.jpg80pxcenter]]China20201543700Crashed (post-mission)
Chang'e 5-T1 third stage rocketChina202261002,800Crashed (post-mission)
Manfred Memorial Moon MissionLuxembourg20223114Crashed (post-mission together with Chang'e 5-T1 third stage rocket)
Hakuto-R Mission 1[[File:Maquette de Hakuto-R IAC 2022.jpg80pxcenter]]Japan2023750340Crashed
Emirates Lunar MissionUnited Arab Emirates
Luna 25[[File:Maquette-Luna-Glob-Lander-b-DSC 0075.jpg80pxcenter]]Russia20233,8601,750Crashed
Chandrayaan-3
*Vikram* lander
*Pragyan* rover[[File:Chandrayaan-3 Integrated Module in clean-room 01.webp80pxcenter]]India20233,8631,752Landed
SLIM[[File:SLIM half scale model (cropped).png80pxcenter]]Japan2024259.4118.7Landed
LEV-1Japan20244.62.1Landed
LEV-2Japan20240.550.25Landed
IM-1 *Odysseus*
EagleCam[[File:Intuitive_Machines’_Nova-C_lunar_lander_(IM_00309)_(cropped).jpg80pxcenter]]United States20244,2061,903Landed
Chang'e 6 descent stage
China20247,0553,200Landed
Jinchan rover
China2024115
Chang'e 6 ascent stage
[[File:Chang'e-5 mockup at CSTM 03.jpg80pxcenter]]China20241543700Crashed (post-mission)
Blue Ghost M1[[File:Blue Ghost Mission 1 rendering.jpgframeless]]US20251034469Landed
Hakuto-R Mission 2 Resilience[[File:Maquette de Hakuto-R IAC 2022.jpg80pxcenter]]Japan2025750340Crashed
Tenacious roverLuxembourg115
IM-2 *Athena*
MAPP LV1
Micro-Nova
AstroAnt
Yaoki[[File:Intuitive_Machines’_Nova-C_lunar_lander_(IM_00309)_(cropped).jpg80pxcenter]]United States20254,2311,919Landed

XXXX-XX-XX: total mass is 163,648 + 127 + 127 + 1000, where 1254 was added to match masses reported in the three Luna program sample return mission articles YYYY-YY-YY: Mass adjusted by (-2249 + 2270 + 700) to reflect actual masses of LCROSS Centaur and spacecraft - ~~~~ 2013-12-16: New mass after Chang'e 3 is 178,796 + 1,200 = 179,996 2020-12-06: The mass of Chang'e 5 can't be determined and is calculated based on total mass, including orbiter. 191,012+8,200 = 199,212. More accurate data pending. 2024-01-19: To prevent approximation errors the stats post-SLIM landing have been updated by adding the dry mass of SLIM at launch (which includes the two rovers) and not the individual masses of each spacecraft, despite them being available 2024-02-22: Added IM-1 and EagleCam mass 2024-04-27: Chang'e 6 mass added as Chang'e 5 2025-01-15: Added Hakuto-R Mission 2 composite, IM-2 composite and Blue Ghost M1 mass

Notes

Footnotes

References

References

  1. Miller, Scott. (2023-06-02). "How Many Golf Balls Are On The Moon?".
  2. [https://books.google.com/books?id=aq_uDo2shjAC&pg=PA300 Slava G. Turyshev – ''From Quantum to Cosmos: Fundamental Physics Research in Space'' (2009) – Page 300]
  3. (2023-05-08). "Launch Event Video: Bright Moon - Creating a Global Registry of Lunar Activities April 23".
  4. "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Luna 2".
  5. "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Luna 2".
  6. "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Ranger 4".
  7. "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Ranger 6".
  8. "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Ranger 7".
  9. "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Luna 5".
  10. "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Luna 7".
  11. "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Luna 8".
  12. "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Ranger 8".
  13. "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Ranger 9".
  14. "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Luna 9".
  15. "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Luna 10".
  16. "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Luna 11".
  17. "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Luna 12".
  18. "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Surveyor 1".
  19. "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Luna 13".
  20. "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Lunar Orbiter 1".
  21. "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Surveyor 2".
  22. "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Lunar Orbiter 2".
  23. "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Lunar Orbiter 3".
  24. "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Surveyor 3".
  25. "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Lunar Orbiter 4".
  26. "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Surveyor 4".
  27. "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Explorer 35 (IMP-E)".
  28. "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Lunar Orbiter 5".
  29. "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Surveyor 5".
  30. "LROC QuickMap".
  31. "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Surveyor 6".
  32. "Surveyor 7 - America's Last Lunar Unmanned Lander".
  33. "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Surveyor 7".
  34. "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Luna 14".
  35. "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Apollo 10 LM(Snoopy) descent stage".
  36. "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Apollo 11 LM descent stage".
  37. "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Luna 15".
  38. "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Apollo 11 LM ascent stage".
  39. "New Evidence Suggests Apollo 11's Lunar Ascent Module Could Still Be Orbiting the Moon".
  40. "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Apollo 12 LM descent stage".
  41. "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Apollo 12 LM ascent stage".
  42. "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Luna 16 descent stage".
  43. "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Luna 17/Lunokhod 1".
  44. Astronautix.com, [http://www.astronautix.com/flights/apollo13.htm ''Apollo 13''] {{webarchive. link. (2004-01-04 : ''The S-IVB/IU impacted the lunar surface at 8:10 p.m. EST on April 14 at a speed of 259 meters per second (incorrect, should probably be 2590 meters/sec), […] 137.1 kilometers from the Apollo 12 seismometer.'')
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  46. "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Luna 18".
  47. "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Luna 19".
  48. "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Apollo 14 SIVB".
  49. "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Apollo 14 LM descent stage".
  50. "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Apollo 14 LM ascent stage".
  51. "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Apollo 15 SIVB".
  52. "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Apollo 15 LM descent stage".
  53. "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Apollo 15 LM ascent stage".
  54. "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Apollo 15 subsatellite".
  55. "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Luna 20".
  56. "Found! Apollo 16 S-IVB Impact Crater {{!}} Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera".
  57. "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Apollo 16 descent stage".
  58. "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Apollo 16 ascent stage".
  59. "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Apollo 16 Subsatellite".
  60. "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Apollo 17 S-IVB".
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  62. "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Apollo 17 ascent stage".
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  65. "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Explorer 49/RAE-B".
  66. "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Luna 22".
  67. "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Luna 23".
  68. "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Luna 24".
  69. "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Hagoromo/Hiten Orbiter".
  70. "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Hiten".
  71. "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Lunar Prospector".
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  78. "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – Okina (Rstar) – Kaguya".
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  85. "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – KAGUYA (SELENE)".
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  88. "NASA NSSDC Master Catalog – LCROSS Shepherding Spacecraft".
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  95. (25 June 2018). "The Chang'e-3 lunar lander is still waking up after nearly five years on the Moon".
  96. (6 December 2013). "Chang'e 3 Diary". Zarya.info.
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  98. Andrew Jones. "China's telescope on the Moon is still working, and could do for 30 years". GBTimes.
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  100. Robinson, Mark. (30 April 2019). "Topographic Map of the Chang'e 4 Site".
  101. "Beresheet Crash Site Spotted!".
  102. "Israeli spacecraft Beresheet crash site spotted on moon".
  103. "Lunar Orbiter Longjiang-2 Smashes into Moon".
  104. "Longjiang-2 Impact Site Found! {{!}} Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera".
  105. (2019-11-21). "New details emerge about failed lunar landings".
  106. "Vikram Lander Found {{!}} Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera".
  107. "Mystery Rocket Body Found!".
  108. Foust, Jeff. (13 February 2022). "Chinese rocket, not Falcon 9, linked to upper stage on lunar impact trajectory".
  109. "Impact Site of the HAKUTO-R Mission 1 Lunar Lander".
  110. Zak, Anatoly. (19 August 2023). "Luna-Glob mission lifts off". RussianSpaceWeb.
  111. Steigerwald, Bill. (2023-08-30). "NASA's LRO Observes Crater Likely from Luna 25 Impact".
  112. "Chandrayaan 3 – After The Landing What Happens Next?".
  113. Jones, Andrew. (23 August 2023). "Chandrayaan-3: India becomes fourth country to land on the moon". SpaceNews.com.
  114. Jones, Andrew. (19 January 2024). "Japan makes history with tense, successful moon landing". SpaceNews.com.
  115. (22 February 2024). "@Int_Machines uncrewed lunar lander landed at 6:23pm ET (2323 UTC), bringing NASA science to the Moon's surface. These instruments will prepare us for future human exploration of the Moon under #Artemis.".
  116. (2024-06-14). "First Look: Chang'e 6". Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera.
  117. Seger Yu. (2024-06-29). "@SegerYu". X.
  118. (2025-03-07). "Blue Ghost Lunar Lander Seen From Above". Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera.
  119. (2025-06-20). "ispace Mission 2 SMBC x HAKUTO-R Venture Moon Impact Site". Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera.
  120. (2025-03-10). "IM-2 Athena Seen Obliquely". Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera.
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