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Lieutenant commander

Commissioned officer rank

Commissioned officer rank

Lieutenant Commander (also hyphenated lieutenant-commander and abbreviated Lt Cdr, LtCdr., LCDR, or LCdr) is a commissioned officer rank in many navies. The rank is superior to a lieutenant and subordinate to a commander. The corresponding rank in most armies and air forces is major, and in the Royal Air Force and other Commonwealth air forces is squadron leader. It is roughly equivalent to the Corvette Captain rank in central European countries and the Captain 3rd rank rank in eastern European/CIS countries.

The NATO rank code is mostly OF-3.

A Lieutenant Commander is a department officer or the executive officer (second-in-command) on many warships and smaller shore installations, or the commanding officer of a smaller ship/installation. They are also department officers in naval aviation squadrons.

Protocol

Some navies, including British Royal Navy address Lieutenant Commanders by their full rank or the positions they occupy ("captain" if in command of a vessel).

In the United States Navy and Commonwealth Navies however, officers are addressed by their full rank if their full name is being used, or the higher grade of the rank if the officer is being addressed or referred to in shorthand. Therefore Lieutenant Commander John Smith Royal Navy is addressed as "Commander" or "Commander Smith", and referred to as "Commander Smith".

Famous examples of this are:

  • Lieutenant Commander Lionel Crabb Royal Navy who in conversation, biopics, Admiralty correspondence and even statements in Parliament by the Prime Minister is almost invariably referred to as “Commander Crabb”.

  • Acting Temporary Lieutenant Commander Ewen Montagu RNVR, who is routinely referred to as "Commander Montagu" in historical and contemporary records, and in interviews by his colleagues on Operation Mincemeat.

Origins

Lieutenants were commonly put in command of smaller vessels not warranting a commander or captain. Such a lieutenant was called a "lieutenant commanding" or "lieutenant commandant" in the United States Navy, and a "lieutenant in command", "lieutenant and commander", or "senior lieutenant" in the Royal Navy. The USN settled on "lieutenant commander" in 1862 and made it a distinct rank. The RN followed suit in March 1914.

Canada

Main article: Lieutenant-commander (Canada)

In the Royal Canadian Navy, the rank of lieutenant-commander (LCdr) is the naval rank equal to major in the army or air force and is the first senior officer rank. Lieutenant commanders are senior to lieutenants (N) and to army and air force captains, and are junior to commanders and lieutenant colonels.

United Kingdom

Royal Navy

Main article: Lieutenant commander (Royal Navy)

The insignia worn by a Royal Navy lieutenant commander is two medium gold braid stripes with one thin gold stripe running in between, placed upon a navy blue/black background. The top stripe has the ubiquitous loop used in all RN officer rank insignia, except for the rank of Midshipman. The RAF follows this pattern with its equivalent rank of squadron leader.

Having fewer officer ranks than the army, the RN previously split some of its ranks by seniority (time in rank) to provide equivalence: hence a lieutenant with fewer than eight years seniority wore two stripes, and ranked with an army captain; a lieutenant of eight years or more wore two stripes with a thinner one in between, and ranked with a major. This distinction was ostensibly abolished when the rank of lieutenant commander was introduced, although promotion to the latter rank for officers on a full career commission (FCC) was automatic following accumulation of eight years' seniority as a lieutenant. Automatic promotion officially ceased in the early 21st century and promotion is ostensibly now only awarded on merit.

Royal Observer Corps

Throughout much of its existence, the British Royal Observer Corps (ROC) maintained a rank of observer lieutenant commander. The ROC wore a Royal Air Force uniform and their rank insignia appeared similar to that of an RAF squadron leader except that the stripes were shown entirely in black. Prior to the renaming, the rank had been known as observer lieutenant (first class).

United States

Main article: Lieutenant commander (United States)

In the United States, the rank of lieutenant commander exists in the United States Navy, United States Coast Guard, United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Officer Corps.

Within the U.S. Navy, lieutenant commanders are listed as junior officers. There are two insignia used by U.S. Navy and U.S. Coast Guard lieutenant commanders. On service khakis and all working uniforms, lieutenant commanders wear a gold oak leaf collar device, similar to the ones worn by majors in the United States Air Force and United States Army, and identical to that worn by majors in the United States Marine Corps. In all dress uniforms, they wear sleeve braid or shoulder boards bearing a single gold quarter-inch stripe between two gold half-inch strips (nominal size). Above or inboard of the stripes, they wear their speciality insignia (i.e., a star for officers of the line, single oak leaf for medical with silver acorn for Medical Corps, crossed oak leaves for Civil Engineer Corps, United States shield for the Coast Guard, etc.) The Uniformed Services of the United States designate the rank as O-4.

References

References

  1. "Triservice Officers Pay and Grade". UK Government.
  2. "A Dane giving the orders". [[Admiral Danish Fleet]].
  3. "US Navy Ranks". [[United States Navy]].
  4. "Uniform Ranks". [[Royal Australian Navy]].
  5. (2023-08-30). "Royal Canadian Navy ranks and badges". [[Department of National Defence (Canada)]].
  6. (13 March 1996). "NATO Standard Agreement (STANAG) 2116: NATO Codes for Grades of Military Personnel". [[NATO]] Standardization Agency.
  7. "United States Navy - O-4 Lieutenant Commander". FederalPay.org.
  8. (22 Aug 2002). "MILPERSMAN 5000-010". [[U.S. Navy]].
  9. Debrett's Correct Form: An Inclusive Guide to Everything from Drafting Wedding Invitations to Addressing an Archbishop. (1976). United Kingdom: Debrett's Peerage Limited. pp172
  10. "THE CASE OF COMMANDER CRABB (Hansard, 14 May 1956)".
  11. "Jean Leslie Obituary, The Times".
  12. "Lieutenant Commander mokong Ibana".
  13. "United States Department of Defense".
  14. "Paratus". Regional Publications Ltd..
  15. "Badges of rank". [[Department of Defence (Australia)]].
  16. "OFFICER RANKS". [[Royal Bahamas Defence Force]].
  17. "Rank of Navy & Equivalent Rank".
  18. "Admiralty Ranks". [[Royal Brunei Navy]].
  19. (23 November 2017). "Ranks and appointment". [[Government of Canada]].
  20. "Ranks & Insignia".
  21. "Naval Service Rank Markings". Defence Forces (Ireland).
  22. (2019). "BADGES OF RANK".
  23. "Pakāpju iedalījums". Latvian National Armed Forces.
  24. (3 September 2008). "Defense Act of 2008".
  25. "Karių laipsnių ženklai". [[Ministry of National Defence (Lithuania)]].
  26. "Pangkat". Malaysian Armed Forces.
  27. (20 August 2010). "Government Notice".
  28. "Badges of Rank". New Zealand Defence Force.
  29. (1992). "Nigeria: a country study". [[Library of Congress]].
  30. "LIFE IN PN:RANKS". Pakistan Navy Official Website.
  31. "Sposób noszenia odznak stopni wojskowych na umundurowaniu Marynarki Wojennej". Armed Forces Support Inspectorate.
  32. "Grade militare (Military ranks)". [[Romanian Defence Staff]].
  33. "Rank Insignia". Department of Defence (South Africa).
  34. "Branches/ Ranks". [[Sri Lanka Navy]].
  35. (10 May 2010). "Tonga Defence Services (Amendment) Regulations 2009". Tonga Government Gazette Supplement Extraordinary.
  36. (May 2024). "Rank Chart (Commissioned Officers)". Trinidad and Tobago Defence Force.
  37. "Shaping your career". Royal Navy.
  38. "U.S. Military Rank Insignia". [[Department of Defense]].
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