Latvian Song and Dance Festival

History

1918-1940: Origins, independent Latvia

The tradition of song festivals originated in the first half of the 19th century in many European countries and later was also organized by the Baltic Germans. The first steps taken in the Latvian environment was during the Song days in Dikļi in 1864, which led to the resounding of a full-scale song festival in Riga during the summer of 1873. 1,003 singers and 30 orchestra players participated in the first festival. Only once has the festival been held outside Riga, in Jelgava in 1895.

After a pause during World War I and the subsequent Latvian War of Independence, the first edition of the festival in independent Latvia was held in 1926 every five years (with an exception for the 1933 edition, which was brought forward three years to coincide with the 60th anniversary of the Song Festival). [[File:Latvian Song festival 2008.jpg|thumb|2008 Latvian Song and Dance Festival]]

1945–1991: In Latvia

After the World War II, festivals were continued in the Latvian SSR, with the festival being held every 5 years on important anniversaries of the nation's forced accession as a Union Republic; while the festival was held in 1973 to mark its centennial anniversary, and in 1977 to mark the diamond jubilee of the October Revolution, both events connected to the centennial commemorations of The First Latvian National Awakening. In 1955, under the supervision of architects V. V. Shnitnikov and G. P. Irbite, the Great Stage of the Riga Culture and Recreation Park “Mežaparks” was built, intended for holding Song Festivals, accommodating 10 thousand singers and 30 thousand spectators in the amphitheater.

The festival tradition was continued in exile by the Latvian diaspora, first in displaced persons camps after World War II and primarily in the western occupation zones in Germany, then in the United States, Canada, and Australia, with many of the legendary conductors of the past taking part during those years alongside the later generations of conductors they trained. The overseas Latvian Song and Dance Festivals is currently held every four or five years, alternating between the United States (15th edition held in 2022 in Minnesota) and Canada (15 editions since 1953, 16th to be held in Toronto in July 2024). Beginning in 1970, Edgars Račevskis was the chief conductor for the festival.

The 1985 edition would be notable for the grand finale concert in which the legendary hymn conducted by , who was hated by the pro-Soviet government and was not listed as one of the performing conductors in that concert, was sung at the behest of the participating choristers. The song, which speaks about the rebirth of a free Latvian nation, was and is usually a staple of the festival's song list and was not performed thrice in its history (1960, 1965 and 1977), and had been performed in the 1980 edition in the presence of Annija Vītola, widow of the song's composer Jāzeps Vītols, marking 80 years since it was first performed.

1990–present: Restored Latvian independence

The 1990 edition, held during the Singing Revolution, was the first after the restoration of the independence of Latvia and the first to again feature the national anthem and flag of Latvia, as well as multiple songs, all previously banned during the Soviet occupation. It was also attended by many participants and attendees from the Latvian diaspora, with a general mood of "back to the future" look at exile homecoming.

The 24th Festival was held in July 2008. The main events were held at the Mežaparks Great Bandstand and the Daugava Stadium in Riga. The 25th Festival took place in July 2013.

In 2018, 81,309 of the 95,250 available tickets for the 26th Festival's various events were sold on the first day. The festival took place from 1 to 8 July, marking the 100th anniversary of Latvian independence, encompassing 65 events with a total of 500,000 expected visitors. The closing concert, in which a choir of 16,000 singers and other participants performed, and the subsequent sing-along night was attended by more than 67 thousand people, making it the highest attendance to an event in the festival's history. The 2018 edition remains as the highest attended edition, with nearly 43,300 participants.

The 27th edition took place in July 2023, marking the festival's sesquicentennial jubilee anniversary and the diamond jubilee year of the Latvian Dance Festival. For the first time in the history of the event, a song with Livonian lyrics was featured. Lībieši nāk (Latvian: 'Livonians are coming'), the 2nd part of the musical cycle Nācēji by and was performed during the Grand Choir Concert Tīrums. Dziesmas ceļš. This edition featured the second-highest number of participants — 40,560, surpassed only by the 2018 edition.

References

References

1. (1 July 2018). "XXVI Latvian Song and XVI Dance Celebration begins". [[Public Broadcasting of Latvia]].
2. "Baltic song and dance celebrations". [[UNESCO]].
3. (2018-08-23). "Latvian Song and Dance Celebration – Uniting a Nation". Borders Of Adventure.
4. [http://www.dziesmusvetki2003.lv/?sadala=15 23rd All Latvian Song Festival] retrieved on 7 March 2007 ([https://web.archive.org/web/20040330075159/http://www.dziesmusvetki2003.lv/ archived copy])
5. [http://www.dziedundejo.lv/programma/summary-in-english/ 10th Latvian Youth Song and Dance Celebration in Riga] {{Webarchive. link. (2015-04-27 retrieved on June 28, 2011)
6. "ABOUT US".
7. "Latvian Song Festival — LNAK / LNFC".
8. "The Song and Dance Celebration — VIII NORDIC-BALTIC CHORAL FESTIVAL".
9. (February 16, 2022). "Latvian conductor Edgars Račevskis dies".
10. "JĀZEPS VĪTOLS'S "GAISMAS PILS": a ballad for mixed choir". Latvian Cultural Canon.
11. Carpenter, Inta Gale. (1996). "Festival as Reconciliation: Latvian Exile Homecoming in 1990". Journal of Folklore Research.
12. {{usurped
13. Rozenberga, Māra. (5 March 2018). "Demand for Latvian Song and Dance Festival tickets sky high". [[Public Broadcasting of Latvia]].
14. Lieģis, Lidija. (2018-11-20). "Sixteen Thousand Voices in Perfect Harmony: Latvia's Incredible Song Festival".
15. (9 July 2018). "Latvian Song and Dance Celebration highlight: The closing concert". [[Public Broadcasting of Latvia]].
16. (2018-07-09). "Dziesmu un deju svētku noslēguma koncertu un sadziedāšanos apmeklēja 67 253 cilvēku".
17. (2023-06-29). "This year's Song and Dance Festival has second highest number of participants in history". [[The Baltic Times]].
18. (2023-07-07). "«Līvõdõn ja līvõ kīelõn istōrilizt Loul ja daņtš pivād – kūord sūrkontsert "Tīrums. Dziesmas ceļš" ... - LI Līvõd institūt {{!}} Facebook".