Lagos de Moreno

Etymology

The conquistador Hernando Martel gave Lagos de Moreno its original name, Villa de Santa Maria de los Lagos (Town of Saint Mary of the Lakes). The town's name was derived from Saint Mary, the townspeople's chosen patron saint, and the numerous lakes that used to be scattered across the valley. The town was renamed on April 9, 1829, as Lagos de Moreno in honor of Mexican independence hero Pedro Moreno, who was born in the city.

History

Pre-hispanic era

The origins of Lagos de Moreno date to its founding as Pechichitlán or Teziziatlan by Ahnuvic VII in about 1028 BCE. Then the city served as a capital for the Chichimecatlalli fiefdom. In the 12th century, semi-nomadic Guachichiles occupied the valley and dominated an extensive area stretching from present-day San Juan de los Lagos to southern Coahuila. Before the colonization of Mexico began, indigenous culture thrived in this area, with notable pre-Hispanic architecture being established at Rincón de Mesa, Sauceda, and El Maguey.

Colonial era

After the fall of the Aztec Empire, explorers set out to explore the western frontier in the Bajio Region. The Spanish expansion in Nueva Galicia was slowed down by several tribes in the vicinity, such as the semi-nomadic Chichimecas and the Guachichiles. To the east of Pechititan, the Guamares inhabited the Guanajuato area, and to the west, the Zacatecos lived. The Zacateco caudillos (chiefs), Xiconaqui and Custique, along with the Chichimecas, struck down multiple Spanish invasions from 1550 to 1590 in the well-known Chichimeca War.

However, encomenderos gradually occupied the Bajio. The first Spaniard to build a hacienda in the Laguense valley was Don Diego de Ibarra. Even so, in 1551, a group of Chichimecas attacked his ranch (La Sauceda and San Antonio) and killed all his animals. The constant raids in the area made, for the time being, made settlement of the Lagos region impossible.

Founding of Lagos

After decades of constant combat and raids, the first Spanish authorities of the region were appointed; the priest of Teocaltiche and the Mayor of Teocaltiche had the region stretching from Teocaltiche to the Lagos valley as their jurisdiction. Later, the Royal Audiencia of Nueva Galicia ordered the Mayor of Teocaltiche, Don Hernando Martel from Seville, to establish a town in the vicinity of Pechichitan. The new settlement was founded jointly with the first priest and vicar of the local parish, father Juan de Cuenca Virues, who also participated in the official founding of the Real Comanja mine in 1561. As such, on March 31, 1563, Villa de Santa María de los Lagos was founded by Martel, Cuenca, and Pedro de Anda, along with around 100 Spanish noble families.

Development

The residents of Santa Maria chose the Virgin Mary as the namesake of their town and Saint Sebastian as a minor patron saint. The settlement and its surroundings became quite appealing to ranchers; by 1600 around 20,000 head of cattle were active in the Lagos valley, facilitating the eventual creation of the charreria-style rodeo. The increasing population of the area contributed to the naming of the first ordinary Mayor of Santa Maria de los Lagos, the miner Pedro Marfil from Guanajuato. Marfil would be succeeded by Gonzalo Vazquez Baladez, the first and only clergyman to-date to serve as mayor of the town.

The town continued to grow steadily in the 17th century, benefiting from the general prosperity of the Golden Age of the Spanish Empire. In 1615, a new jail was inaugurated, and 1621 saw the construction of a third parish temple with a tower that would be completed by 1685. Religious buildings were created often during this period; the Convent of the Poor Capuchins of Saint Joseph was founded and the construction of the Parish Church of Our Lady of the Assumption and the Temple of Our Lady of the Rosary began during this time.

Mexican War of Independence

Independence to present

In 1823, the Convenio de Lagos (Agreement of Lagos) was signed in Santa Maria by Nicolas Bravo, Pedro Celestino Negrete, and Luis Quintanar, establishing the Free and Sovereign State of Jalisco. On March 27, 1824, Santa Maria was given the title of city. On April 9, 1829, the city was renamed as Lagos de Moreno in memory of insurgent General Pedro Moreno (1775–1817), a founding father of Mexico who led forces against Spanish authorities in the Mexican War of Independence.

In 1855, a second and similarly titled Convenio de Lagos (Agreement of Lagos) was signed in Lagos de Moreno, in which Manuel Doblado and Antonio de Haro y Tamariz recognized the Plan of Ayutla, thus joining the movement to topple conservative President Antonio López de Santa Ana. During the Reform War, Lagos de Moreno changed hands between liberal and conservative forces multiple times until an eventual liberal victory in 1861.

During the Mexican Revolution in the 1910s, residents of Lagos de Moreno like Mariano Azuela and Francisco Guerrero Ramirez joined the fighting. In the subsequent Cristero War, the nearby Mesa Redonda was the site of a battle between federal troops and rebel forces.

In 1963, Lagos de Moreno celebrated the 400th anniversary of its founding. In recent times, the city has received several important titles. It has been named an Area of Historical Monuments by the National Institute of Anthropology and History (INAH) in 1989, a World Heritage Site on the Camino Real "Tierra Adentro" by UNESCO on August 1, 2010, and "Pueblo Mágico" by SECTUR on November 16, 2012.

Geography

Climate

Lagos de Moreno has a subtropical highland climate (Köppen climate classification Cwb) with mild temperatures year round. Temperatures are generally similar for any given month, but daily high and low fluctuations can be very sharp in the winter due in part to the city's altitude and its uneven surroundings. Winters are mild with an average maximum temperature of 23 C in January although nighttime temperatures are often cold, with an average minimum temperature of 3 C. Many days are sunny, averaging around 15-19 clear days per month and precipitation is low. Nighttime temperatures regularly fall below 0 C but extended periods of frost are rare.

The Bajio's two main seasons are the rainy season and the dry season. The rainy season, which runs from June to October, sees an increase in precipitation and humidity, with July and August being the months with the most precipitation. The record high was 42.0 C on March 26, 1942 and the record low was -9.0 C on January 24, 1955. The table below shows detailed statistics on the climate of Lagos de Moreno.

|Jan record high C = 35.5 |Feb record high C = 39.0 |Mar record high C = 42.0 |Apr record high C = 37.5 |May record high C = 41.5 |Jun record high C = 40.0 |Jul record high C = 36.0 |Aug record high C = 36.0 |Sep record high C = 34.5 |Oct record high C = 39.5 |Nov record high C = 34.0 |Dec record high C = 33.0 |Jan record low C = -9.0 |Feb record low C = -7.5 |Mar record low C = -4.5 |Apr record low C = -1.0 |May record low C = 1.0 |Jun record low C = 3.0 |Jul record low C = 4.0 |Aug record low C = 5.0 |Sep record low C = 1.0 |Oct record low C = -3.0 |Nov record low C = -6.0 |Dec record low C = -5.2 |access-date = February 27, 2024 |access-date = February 27, 2024 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130221032247/http://www.cm.colpos.mx/meteoro/progde/norm/norm24/33030.htm |archive-date=February 21, 2013 |access-date=January 10, 2013 |url-status=dead

Topography

Flora and fauna

The nearby Mesa Redonda is home to many unique species of flora. There, two species of cactus endemic only to Jalisco flourish, with one of these species only being endemic to the Mesa Redonda, particularly its very steep slopes, protecting it from predators.

Many animals call the Lagos valley home, with fauna including hares, rabbits, deers, and boars. Residents of nearby ranches have commented on the presence of coyotes and snakes in rural areas. Areas like the Mesa Redonda have been utilized by locals to gather vegetables straight from nature, particularly prickly pear cacti.

Demographics

As of the 2020 Mexican census, the city had a population of 111,569, making it the 6th largest city in the state of Jalisco. The municipality as a whole had an estimated population of 164,981 in 2015. The municipality has a slightly higher female population, with 88,426 females compared to 83,977 males.

In Lagos de Moreno city, 38,024 dwellings were enumerated, with 38,002 of these being private households. Of the private residences, 30,020 were inhabited; and in turn, of the inhabited private residences: 29,817 had non-dirt flooring; 29,64 had electricity; 29,919 had sanitary facilities; and 29,941 had drainage.

Notable people

Athletics

• Luis Fernando Macías, professional cyclist, silver medalist at the 2009 Pan-American Road and Track Championship
• Armando Reynoso Gutiérrez, baseball player for the Mexico national team, Mexican Baseball Hall of Fame member
• Isaác Brizuela Muñoz, Mexican-American footballer for C.D. Guadalajara
• Carmelo Reyes González, former professional wrestler

Culture

• Lola Álvarez Bravo, famed photographer, prominent figure of the post-Mexican Revolution artistic renaissance
• Juan Pablo Villalobos, author and entrepreneur
• José Rosas Moreno, 19th-century writer, fableist, and poet
• Mariano Azuela González, 19th/20th-century literary critic, novelist, and essayist

Politics

• Pedro de Anda, Spanish conquistador and founder of Lagos de Moreno
• Luis Alfonso de Alba Góngora, Mexican under-secretary for Latin America in the Secretary of Foreign Relations, former Mexican Representative to the United Nations
• Ramón Muñoz Gutiérrez, Senator of Jalisco in the Mexican Senate of the Republic
• Emilio González Márquez, former Governor of Jalisco
• Pedro Moreno, general and father of the Mexican War of Independence
• Francisco Primo de Verdad y Ramos, 18th-century lawyer and politician of colonial New Spain

Religion

• Juan Manuel Martín del Campo, Roman Catholic priest and exorcist, titled as Venerable by Pope Francis

Government

Mayors and municipal presidents

Subjects and citizens who have served as mayors or municipal presidents of Lagos de Moreno

Gallery

File:BIBLIOTECA PUBLICA REGIONAL "MARIA SOINE DE HELGUERA" DE LAGOS DE MORENO,JALISCO. MEXICO..jpg|Maria Soine de Helguerra Regional Public Library File:OTRA VISTA DE LA PARROQUIA DE LA ASUNCION DE LA V. MARIA. EDIFICADA EN EL S. XVIII. LAGOS DE MORENO, JALISCO. MEXICO.jpg|Parroquia Nuestra Señora de la Asunción File:Parroquia de la Luz (Ocaso).jpg|N. Sra. de la Luz Church at sunset File:PALACIO MUNICIPAL, INICIO DE CONSTRUCCION EN 1905 Y CONCLUIDO CON DOS PLANTAS EN LAS DECADAS DE LOS 40¨S SIGLO XX. LAGOS DE MORENO, JALISCO. MEXICO..jpg|The Municipal Palace of Lagos de Moreno File:Ex-Real Convento de San José de Gracia de Pobres Capuchinas Siglo XVIII Lagos de Moreno, Jalisco. México.jpg|San José de Gracia de Pobres Capuchinas Convent File:TEATRO "JOSE ROSAS MORENO" Estilo Neoclasico de Art Nouveau. Inaugurado 05 de mayo del 1907. LAGOS DE MORENO, JALISCO. MEXICO..jpg|José Rosas Moreno Theatre File:El Calvario - Lagos de Moreno.jpg|The Temple of Calvario File:La Mesa redonda desde la autopista 01.jpg|La Mesa Redonda File:TEMPLO DE LA MERCED. Construído del 1686-1756.LAGOS DE MORENO, JALISCO. MEXICO.jpg|La Merced Temple File:Templo de comanja paisaje.jpg|Comanja Temple File:ESCUELA DE ARTES Y OFICIOS "MIGUEL LEANDRO GUERRA" LAGOS DE MORENO, JALISCO. MEXICO. Edificio neoclasico remodelado en el siglo XIX para escuela de niños. del Liceo Padre Guerra y restaurado para.jpg|Miguel Leandro Guerra School of Arts and Trades File:FRENTE DE LA PARROQUIA DE NTRA. SRA. DE LA LUZ. ELEGANTE NEOCLASICO HERMOSO DESDE 1878. LAGOS DE MORENO, JALISCO. MEXICO..jpg|N. Sra. de la Luz Church File:Templo de San Felipe de Jesús lagos.JPG|San Felipe de Jesús Temple File:Vista desde Jardín Frente Parroquia de la Asunción de María.jpg|Asunción de María Park File:Templete (capilla) del Campo Santo De La Soledad (Panteón De La Soledad) Panteon Municipal de Lagos de Moreno, Jalisco. México. Inaugurado el 06 de Octubre de 1846 Fachada estilo grecoromano..jpg|Panteon de la Soledad File:TEMPLO DE SAN MIGUEL ARCANGEL, PASO DEL CUARENTA. LAGOS DE MORENO, JALISCO. MEXICO..jpg|San Miguel Church File:Fachada del Teatro José Rosas Moreno, Lagos de Moreno, Jalisco 04.jpg|Teatro José Rosas Moreno File:VISTA FRONTAL DE LA PARROQUIA DE NTRA. SRA. LA V. DEL REFUGIO.DESE 04 DE ABRIL DEL 1833-04 DE JULIO 1838. LAGOS DE MORENO, JALISCO. MEXICO.jpg|N. Sra. del Refugio Church

Transportation

The city used to be served by the Francisco Primo de Verdad National Airport . The nearest airport, Del Bajio International Airport (IATA: BJX) is located near Silao, Guanajuato, an hour's drive away.

References

Sources

• Link to tables of population data from Census of 2005 INEGI: Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática
• Jalisco Enciclopedia de los Municipios de México

References

1. [http://www.citypopulation.de/en/mexico/admin/jalisco/14053__lagos_de_moreno/ Citypopulation.de] Population of Lagos de Moreno municipality with localities
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19. "Consejo Electoral del Estado de Jalisco. CEEJ. Resultados de la elección de munícipes, 1988. Lagos de Moreno. PRI: 8525 votos. Partido Demócrata Mexicano (PDM): 4926 votos. PAN: 2685 votos".
20. "Consejo Electoral del Estado de Jalisco. CEEJ. Elección de munícipes, 1992. Lagos de Moreno. PRI: 11931 votos. PAN: 7148 votos".
21. "Consejo Electoral del Estado de Jalisco. CEEJ. Elección de munícipes, 1995. Lagos de Moreno. PAN: 18122 votos. PRI: 10328 votos. Partido Demócrata Mexicano (PDM): 5974 votos".
22. "Consejo Electoral del Estado de Jalisco. CEEJ. Resultados de la elección de munícipes, 1997. Lagos de Moreno. PRI: 13893 votos. PAN: 11455 votos. Partido Demócrata Mexicano (PDM): 10780 votos. PRD: 1554 votos".
23. "Consejo Electoral del Estado de Jalisco. CEEJ. Resultados de la elección de munícipes del 12 de noviembre de 2000. Lagos de Moreno. PAN: 17709 votos. PRI: 10546 votos. PVEM: 4200 votos. Partido Alianza Social (PAS): 1914 votos. Convergencia: 1452 votos. PRD: 387 votos".
24. "Consejo Electoral del Estado de Jalisco. CEEJ. Integración de votos correspondientes a cada partido por municipio, elecciones del año 2003. Lagos de Moreno. PAN: 18182 votos. PRI: 12580 votos. Partido Alianza Social (PAS): 8981 votos. PVEM: 1624 votos. PRD: 1162 votos".
25. "Listado de presidentes municipales electos, Jalisco".
26. "Consejo Electoral del Estado de Jalisco. CEEJ. Resultado de los cómputos municipales, 5 de julio de 2006. Lagos de Moreno. PAN: 28962 votos. PRI: 15800 votos. PRD-PT: 3658 votos. PVEM: 2948 votos. Partido Nueva Alianza (Panal): 1102 votos".
27. "Instituto Electoral y de Participación Ciudadana del Estado de Jalisco. IEPC Jalisco. Proceso electoral 2009. Ayuntamiento de Lagos de Moreno. PRI-Panal: 26582 votos. PAN: 19481 votos. PRD: 1994 votos. PVEM: 1950 votos".
28. "Instituto Electoral y de Participación Ciudadana del Estado de Jalisco. IEPC Jalisco. Integración ayuntamientos 2012. Anexo V. Lagos de Moreno. PRI-PVEM: 28368 votos. PAN: 26408 votos. PT-MC: 6024 votos. PRD: 1609 votos".
29. "Instituto Electoral y de Participación Ciudadana del Estado de Jalisco. IEPC Jalisco. Resultados de la elección de munícipes. Proceso electoral local ordinario 2015. Integración de ayuntamientos 2015. Anexo V. Lagos de Moreno. PRI-PVEM: 23455 votos. MC: 17331 votos. PAN-PRD: 11919 votos".
30. "Instituto Electoral y de Participación Ciudadana del Estado de Jalisco. IEPC Jalisco. Integración de ayuntamientos, 2018. Anexo 4. Lagos de Moreno. PAN-PRD-MC: 41387 votos. PRI: 14095 votos. PT-Morena-PES: 7240 votos. PVEM: 776 votos. PRD: 704 votos".
31. (3 March 2021). "Tecutli Gómez pide licencia de su cargo como Primer Edil de Lagos de Moreno". UDG-TV.
32. (2 March 2021). "Tecutli Gómez pide licencia de su cargo como primer edil; José Ignacio Ángel Cervantes quedará al frente del Gobierno Municipal de manera interina". Tribuna Lagos. La Voz de los Alteños.
33. (9 January 2012). "Instituto Electoral y de Participación Ciudadana del Estado de Jalisco. IEPC Jalisco. Proceso electoral concurrente 2021. Integración de Ayuntamientos, 2021. Lagos de Moreno. MC: 25214 votos. PAN: 17178 votos. Hagamos: 5914 votos. PRI: 5737 votos. Morena: 3315 votos".
34. "Del Bajío International - Mexico".