Kutnohorite

Occurrence

Kutnohorite was first described in 1901 by Antonín Bukovský from material found in Poličany, Kutná Hora, Central Bohemia Region, Bohemia, Czech Republic, then in Austria-Hungary. It was named after the czech name of the location. Type material is conserved at Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, US.

Kutnohorite occurs typically in manganiferous sediments, associated with rhodochrosite, aragonite and calcite. Notable occurrences include Tuscany, Italy and Kutná Hora, Czech Republic. It probably occurs at the Trepča Mines, Stari Trg, Kosovo, in the Balkans. At the Eldorado Mine, Ouray County, Colorado, US, it occurs as tiny white crystals partially encrusting quartz and dolomite. At the Ryujima Mine, Nagano Prefecture in Japan, magnesian kutnohorite occurs with quartz and rhodochrosite.

Composition

Specimens of Kutnohorite typically differ from the ideal formula , the manganese content varying from 38% to 84%. Manganese is commonly substituted by and , so the formula better represents the species.

Unit cell

There are three formula units per unit cell (Z = 3) and the lengths of the sides are a close to 4.9 Å and c between 16 Å and 17 Å, although different sources give slightly different values, as follows: :a = 4.915 Å, c = 16.639 Å :a = 4.8518(3) Å, c = 16.217(2) Å :a = 4.85 Å, c = 16.34 Å

Structure

The crystal class is trigonal , space group R, the same as for the other members of the dolomite group. There are layers of groups perpendicular to the long crystal axis c, and between these layers there are layers of the cations and .

Properties

Optical properties

Kutnohorite may be white, pale pink or light brown. The pink shades are due to increased manganese and the brown colours are due to increased iron content. The mineral is translucent with a white to pale pink streak and vitreous to dull luster. It is uniaxial (−) with refractive indices No = 1.710 to 1.727 and Ne = 1.519 to 1.535, similar to dolomite. The ordinary refractive index, No, is high, comparable with spinel (1.719).

Physical properties

Kutnohorite occurs as aggregates of bundled blades of white through rose pink to light brown crystals. Also as simple rhombs with curved faces, polycrystalline spherules and in massive and granular habits. It has perfect rhombohedral cleavage, typical of carbonates. It is brittle with a subconchoidal fracture and it is quite soft, with hardness 3.5 to 4, between calcite and fluorite. Specific gravity is 3.12, denser than both dolomite and calcite. It is soluble in acids, as are all carbonates.

Dolomite group

• Dolomite,
• Ankerite,
• Kutnohorite,
• Minrecordite,

References

References

1. Warr, L.N.. (2021). "IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols". Mineralogical Magazine.
2. Gaines et al (1997) Dana's New Mineralogy Eighth Edition. Wiley
3. (2014). "Kutnohorite Mineral Data".
4. "Kutnohorite".
5. (2005). "Kutnohorite". Mineral Data Publishing.
6. "IMA Mineral List with Database of Mineral Properties".
7. Frondel, Clifford and Bauer, L H (1955), Kutnahorite, a manganese dolomite, {{chem2. CaMn(CO3)2. American Mineralogist 40: 748
8. The Mineralogical Record (2007) 38-4:284
9. Rocks & Minerals (2009) 84-5:423
10. Akio Tsusue (1967) Magnesian Kutnahorite from Ryujima Mine, Japan. American Mineralogist 52:1751
11. If there were perfect ordering amongst the cations they would separate into different layers, giving rise to the ordered sequence: {{chem2