Kim Hwasang

Chan, the Tangut and Kim Hwasang

Solonin links the Tangut people, the Helan Mountains and Baotang Wuzhu:

Yün-Hua Jan (1986: pp. 27–28) states:

Buswell (2005: p. 191) states:

Transmission of Chan to the Nyingma school

[Chan Buddhism was introduced to the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism in three principal streams: the teachings of Kim Hwashang transmitted by Sang Shi in c750 CE; the lineage of Baotang Wuzhu was transmitted within Tibet by Yeshe Wangpo; and the teaching of Moheyan, which were a synthesis of the East Mountain and Baotang schools.

Legend states that Trisong Detsen (742–797) invited Moheyan to teach at Samye. Moheyan had been teaching at Dunhuang, which the Tibetan Empire had conquered in 786, but he lost an important philosophical debate on the nature of emptiness from the Indian master Kamalaśīla and the king declared Kamalaśīla's philosophy should form the basis for Tibetan Buddhism rather than Chan. This legendary "great debate" was known as "the Council of Lhasa" and is narrated and depicted in a specific cham dance held annually at Kumbum Monastery, Qinghai.

Ray (2005) holds that the first documented dissemination of Chan to Tibet, chronicled in what has become known as the Statements of the Sba Family, occurred around 761 when Trisong Detsen sent a party to Yizhou to receive the teachings of Kim Hwashang, whom they encountered in Sichuan. The party received teachings and three Chinese texts from Kim, who died soon after.

Notes

References

1. [http://paper.wenweipo.com/2007/02/23/NS0702230001.htm 木棉袈裟歸處 蜀寧國寺探蹤]
2. Jeffrey Broughton. Early Ch'an Schools in Tibet, in Studies in Ch'an and Hua-yen, University of Hawaii Press, 1983
3. (1998). "Tangut Chan Buddhism and Guifeng Zong-mi". Chung-Hwa Institute of Buddhist Studies.
4. Jan, Yün-Hua (1986). "Patterns of Chinese Assimilation of Buddhist Thought: A Comparative Study of No-Thought (Wu-Nien) in Indian and Chinese Texts." ''Journal of Oriental Studies''. Volume 24 n.1 (1986) pp21-36. Source: [http://ccbs.ntu.edu.tw/FULLTEXT/JR-MISC/misc22681.htm] (accessed: January 23, 2008)
5. Buswell, Jr., Robert E. (2005). ''Korean Buddhism in East Asian Context. '' NB: The paper is adapted from the introduction to: ''Currents and Countercurrents: Korean Influences on the East Asian Buddhist Traditions'' (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2005). Source: [http://icks.korea.ac.kr/conf/paper/Korean%20Buddhism%20in%20East%20Asian%20Context.pdf]{{dead link. (April 2018)
6. ''Sang Shi'' later became an abbot of [[Samye]] Monastery.
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8. Yamaguchi, Zuihō (undated). ''The Core Elements of Indian Buddhism Introduced into Tibet: A Contrast with Japanese Buddhism.'' Source: [http://thezensite.com/ZenEssays/Miscellaneous/Indian_buddhism.pdf] (accessed: October 20, 2007)
9. Roccasalvo, Joseph F.(1980). 'The debate at bsam yas: religious contrast and correspondence.' ''Philosophy East and West'' 30:4 (October 1980). The University of Press of Hawaii. Pp.505-520. Source: [http://ccbs.ntu.edu.tw/FULLTEXT/JR-PHIL/joseph.htm] {{Webarchive. link. (2016-03-03 (accessed: December 17, 2007))
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