Khaki

Etymology

Khaki is a loanword from Hindustani (खाकी, خاکی; )'soil-colored', which in turn comes from Persian خاک khāk 'soil' + ی (adjectival attributive suffix); it came into English via the British Indian Army.

Origin

Khaki was first worn as a uniform in the Corps of Guides that was raised in December 1846 by Henry Lawrence (1806–1857), agent to the Governor-General for the North-West Frontier and stationed in Lahore. Initially the border troops were dressed in their native costume, which consisted of a smock and white pajama trousers made of a coarse home-spun cotton, and a cotton turban, supplemented by a leather or padded cotton jacket for cold weather. In 1848, a khaki uniform was introduced. Subsequently, all regiments serving in the region, whether British or Indian, had adopted khaki uniforms for active service and summer dress. The original khaki fabric was a closely twilled cloth of linen or cotton. For example, European artillery regiments serving in Madras Presidency discontinued white summer clothing and adopted khakee (sic), on 26 June 1858.

Military use

The impracticality of traditional bright colors such as the red coat, especially for skirmishing, was recognised early in the 19th century. A response to improved technologies such as aerial surveillance and smokeless powder, khaki could camouflage soldiers in the field of battle.

Khaki-colored uniforms were used officially by British troops for the first time during the 1868 Expedition to Abyssinia, when Indian troops traveled to Ethiopia. Subsequently, the British Army adopted khaki for colonial campaign dress and it was used in the Mahdist War (1884–89) and Second Boer War (1899–1902). These uniforms became known as khaki drill, versions of which are still part of the uniforms of the British Army.

During the Second Boer War, the British forces became known as "Khakis" because of their uniforms. After victory in the war, the government called an election, which became known as the khaki election, a term used subsequently for elections called to exploit public approval of governments immediately after military victories.

The United States Army adopted khaki during the Spanish–American War (1898), replacing their traditional blue field uniforms. The United States Navy and United States Marine Corps followed suit, authorizing khaki field and work uniforms.

When khaki was adopted for the continental British Service Dress in 1902, the shade chosen had a clearly darker and more green hue (see photo). This color was adopted with minor variations by all the British Empire armies. The 1902 US Army uniform regulations also adopted a similar shade for soldiers' winter service uniforms under the name olive drab. This shade of brown-green remained in use by many countries throughout the two World Wars.

Use in civilian clothing

Following World War II, military-issue khaki-colored chino cloth twill trousers became a common part of civilian clothing. Today, the term khakis is sometimes used to refer to the style of trousers, properly called chinos, regardless of their color.

Tones of khaki

Light khaki

Adjacent is displayed the color light khaki (also called khaki tan or just tan).

This is the web color called khaki in HTML/CSS.

Khaki

The color shown adjacent matches the color designated as khaki in the 1930 book A Dictionary of Color, the standard for color nomenclature before the introduction of computers. It corresponds to RAL 1001 Beige in the RAL colour standard.

Dark khaki

Adjacent is displayed the web color dark khaki. It corresponds to Dark Khaki in the X11 color names and to RAL 7008 Khaki Gray in the RAL colour standard.

Khaki green

Adjacent is displayed the color khaki green, sometimes called simply khaki in Commonwealth countries. It corresponds to RAL 6003 Olive Green in the RAL colour standard. It is more commonly called olive green or olive drab.

References

References

1. Maerz and Paul ''A Dictionary of Color'' New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 197; Color Sample of Khaki: Page 49 Plate 13 Color Sample J7
2. "Khaki entry in Cambridge Dictionary".
3. "Khaki definition and meaning {{!}} Collins English Dictionary".
4. "Wardrobe Mistress: how to tackle the khaki jacket". The Times (of London).
5. [http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Khaki Dictionary Meaning: ''Khaki'']; TheFreeDictionary; Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus, and Encyclopedia
6. St. Clair, Kassia. (2016). "The Secret Lives of Colour". John Murray.
7. "Khaki Uniform 1848–49: First Introduction by Lumsden and Hodson", ''Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research'', 82 (Winter 2004) pp 341–347
8. Carman, W.(William) Y.. (1969). "Indian Army Uniforms under the British from the 18th Century to 1947: Artillery, Engineers and Infantry.". Morgan-Grampian.
9. (1827). "Hamel, the Obeah man". Hunt and Clarke.
10. "The Army". Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine.
11. Tynan, Jane. (2013). "British Army Uniform and the First World War: Men in Khaki". Palgrave MacMillan.
12. [[Byron Farwell]], ''Armies of the Raj'', 1989, page 75.
13. Loske, Alexandra. (2022). "A Cultural History of Color in the Age of Industry". Bloomsbury Publishing.
14. (19 June 2018). "CSS Color Module Level 3".
15. [http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-color/ CSS3 Color Module], retrieved 2010-09-12