From Surf Wiki (app.surf) — the open knowledge base

Kalinga language

Northern Luzon language spoken in the Philippines

Field	Value
name	Kalinga
region	most parts of Kalinga, northern parts of Mountain Province, eastern parts of Abra and southern parts of Apayao, Luzon
states	Philippines
speakers
date	1998–2008
ref	e18
speakers2	No estimate for Mabaka Valley
familycolor	Austronesian
fam2	Malayo-Polynesian
fam3	Philippine
fam4	Northern Luzon
fam5	Meso-Cordilleran
fam6	Central Cordilleran
fam7	Kalinga–Itneg
lc1	bjx	ld1=Banao Itneg
lc2	tis	ld2=Masadiit Itneg
lc3	ity	ld3=Moyadan Itneg
lc4	kyb	ld4=Butbut Kalinga
lc5	kmk	ld5=Limos Kalinga
lc6	kml	ld6=Tanudan Kalinga
lc7	knb	ld7=Lubuagan Kalinga
lc8	kkg	ld8=Mabaka Valley Kalinga
lc9	kmd	ld9=Madukayang Kalinga
lc10	ksc	ld10=Southern Kalinga (Bangad)
glotto	kali1311
glottorefname	Kalinga
map	Kalinga_dialect_continuum_map.png
mapcaption	Area where the Kalinga dialect continuum is spoken according to Ethnologue

Kalinga () is a dialect continuum of Kalinga Province in the Philippines, spoken by the Kalinga people, alongside Ilocano. The Banao Itneg variety is not one of the neighboring Itneg languages.

Dialects

Ronald Himes (1997) divides Kalinga into three dialects: Masadiit (in Abra), Northern Kalinga, and South-Central Kalinga.

Ethnologue reports the following locations for each of the eight Kalinga languages it identifies. Banao Itneg is classified by Ethnologue as Kalinga rather than Itneg.

Butbut Kalinga: spoken in Kalinga Province: Tinglayan and Butbut; Buscalan, Bugnay, Loccong, and Ngibat; Tabuk, Lucnang, Pakak, Kataw, and Dinongsay. Also in Rizal: Annunang, Malapiat, Andarayan, and Bua. 15,000 speakers. Language status is 5 (developing), 1,000 monoglots.
Limos Kalinga (Limos-Liwan Kalinga, Northern Kalinga): spoken in Kalinga Province (Tabuk, north to border) and Conner municipality, Apayao Province. 12,700 speakers. Language status is 5 (developing).
Lubuagan Kalinga: spoken in Kalinga Province (Lubuagan and Tabuk). 30,000 speakers. Dialects are Guinaang, Balbalasang, Ableg-Salegseg, and Balatok-Kalinga (Balatok-Itneg). Pasil Kalinga., Language status is 5 (developing).
Mabaka Valley Kalinga (Kal-Uwan, Mabaka, Mabaka Itneg): spoken in Conner municipality, Apayao Province, as well as western Abra and northern Kalinga Province.
Majukayang Kalinga (Madukayang): spoken in Tabuk, Kalinga Province and in Paracelis municipality, Mountain Province. 1,500 speakers as of 1990., Language status is 6a. (Vigorous).
Southern Kalinga: spoken in Kalinga Province (Lubuagan municipality; some also in Tabuk) and Mountain Province (13 villages of Sadanga and Sagada municipalities). 11,000 speakers as of 1980. Dialects are Mallango, Sumadel, Bangad, and Tinglayan.
Tanudan Kalinga (Lower Tanudan, Lower Tanudan Kalinga, Mangali Kalinga): spoken at the southern end of the Tanudan valley in southern Kalinga Province. 11,200 speakers as of 1998. Dialects are Minangali (Mangali), Tinaloctoc (Taluctoc), Pinangol (Pangul), Dacalan, and Lubo. Language status is 5 (developing). 1,120 monoglots.
Banao Itneg (Banao, Banaw, Itneg, Timggian, Tinguian, Vanaw, Vyanaw, Bhanaw Tinggian): spoken in Kalinga Province (Balbalan and Pasil municipalities) and Abra (Daguioman and Malibcong municipalities). 3,500 speakers as of 2003. Dialects are Malibcong Banao, Banao Pikekj, Gubang Itneg and Daguioman.

Phonology

Consonants

Labial	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal	Plosive	voiceless	voiced	Nasal	Fricative	Lateral	Approximant

Vowels

Front	Central	Back	Close	Mid	Open
	()

/a/ can also have an allophone of [ə].

Writing system

Lubuagan Kalinga

a	b	by	k	ch	e	g	h	i	l	m	n	ng	o	p	r	s	t	u	[ɏ](y)	w	y

References

Himes, Ronald S.. (1997). "Reconstructions in Kalinga-Itneg". Oceanic Linguistics.
"Kalinga, Butbut".
"Ethnologue".
"Kalinga, Lubuagan".
"Kalinga, Majukayang".
(1980). "A Topical Vocabulary in English, Pilipino, Ilocano, and Southern Kalinga". Summer Institute of Linguistics.
"Ethnologue".
"Kalinga, Tanudan".
"Kalinga, Vanaw".
Gieser, C. Richard. (1972). "Kalinga sequential discourse".
Gieser, C. Richard. (1958). "The phonemes of Kalinga".

Info: Wikipedia Source

This article was imported from Wikipedia and is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License. Content has been adapted to SurfDoc format. Original contributors can be found on the article history page.

languages-of-kalinga-(province) languages-of-apayao south–central-cordilleran-languages

Want to explore this topic further?

Ask Mako anything about Kalinga language — get instant answers, deeper analysis, and related topics.

Research with Mako

Free with your Surf account

Content sourced from Wikipedia, available under CC BY-SA 4.0.

This content may have been generated or modified by AI. CloudSurf Software LLC is not responsible for the accuracy, completeness, or reliability of AI-generated content. Always verify important information from primary sources.

Report