Jharia

Geography

MC: Municipal Corporation, CT: Census Town, N: Neighbourhood, R: Rural/ Urban centre Owing to space constraints in the small map, the actual locations in a larger map may vary slightly |mark-coord1= | label-pos1=right|label1= Sijua | numbered1=N| mark-title1=Sijua (N)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #C42222|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2 |mark-coord2= | label-pos2=right|label2= Loyabad | numbered2=N| mark-title2= Loyabad (N) |mark-coord3= | label-pos3=left|label3= Bhagatdih | numbered3=N| mark-title3=Bhagatdih (N) |mark-coord4= | label-pos4=left|label4= Basaria | numbered4=N| mark-title4= Basaria (N) |mark-coord5= | label-pos5=right|label5= Bhuli | numbered5=N| mark-title5= Bhuli, India (N) |mark-coord6= | label-pos6=left|label6= Chandaur | numbered6=N| mark-title6= Chandaur (N) |mark-coord7= | label-pos7=left|label7= Chhatatanr | numbered7=N| mark-title7= Chhatatanr (N) |mark-coord8= | label-pos8=right|label8= Dhaunsar | numbered8=N| mark-title8= Dhaunsar (N) |mark-coord9= | label-pos9=right|label9= Godhar | numbered9=N| mark-title9= Godhar (N) |mark-coord10= | label-pos10=left|label10= Jogta | numbered10=N| mark-title10= Jogta (N) |mark-coord11= | label-pos11=left|label11= Tetulmari | numbered11=N| mark-title11= Tetulmari (N) |mark-coord12= | label-pos12=left|label12= Wasseypur | numbered12=N| mark-title12= Wasseypur (N) |mark-coord13= | label-pos13=right|label13= Saraidhela| numbered13=N| mark-title13= Saraidhela (N) |mark-coord14= | label-pos14=right|label14=Jharia | numbered14=N| mark-title14= Jharia (N)|shape-color14=black| label-size14=13|label-color14=black |mark-coord15= | label-pos15=left|label15= Jharia Khas| numbered15=N| mark-title15= Jharia Khas (N) |mark-coord16= | label-pos16=left|label16= Belgaria | numbered16=R| mark-title16= Belgaria (R)| shape-14 =#C42222 |mark-coord17= | label-pos17=right|label-color17=#800000| label17= Dhanbad | numbered17=MC| mark-title17=Dhanbad (MC)|shape-color17=#800000 |mark-coord18= | label-pos18=left|label18=BCCL Bastacola Area |numbered18=0 | mark-title18=Bastacola Area (A)| label-size18=12| shape-color18=#AA6666 |mark-coord19= | label-pos19=right|label19=BCCL Kusunda Area |numbered19=0 | mark-title19=Kusunda Area (A)| label-size19=12| shape-color19=#AA6666 |mark-coord20= | label-pos20=right|label20=BCCL Sijua Area |numbered20=0 | mark-title20=Sijua Area (A)| label-size20=12| shape-color20=#AA6666 |mark-coord21= | label-pos21=right|label21= IIT (ISM) Dhanbad| numbered21=F||mark-title21= IIT (ISM) Dhanbad (F) |shape-color21=#967117 |mark-coord22= | label-pos22=left|label22= CIMFR – CSiR| numbered22=F| mark-title22= Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research (F) |shape-color22=#967117 |mark-coord23= | label-pos23=right|label23= BBMK University| numbered23=F| mark-title23= Binod Bihari Mahto Koylanchal University (F) |shape-color23=#967117 |mark-coord24=| label24=Damodar River| label-color24 = #77A1CB| label-angle24=0| label-pos24=top| label-size24=10| mark-size24=0| mark-title24 =none}}

Location

Jharia is located at .

Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the area. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.

Jharia, earlier a census town, was combined with other urban units to form Dhanbad Municipal Corporation in 2006.

Jharia is spread over parts of Ward Nos. 36,37 and 38 of Dhanbad Municipal Corporation.

Overview

The region shown in the map is a part of the undulating uplands bustling with coalmines in the lowest rung of the Chota Nagpur Plateau. The entire area shown in the map is under Dhanbad Municipal Corporation, except Belgaria which is under Baliapur (community development block). The places in the DMC area are marked as neighbourhoods. The DMC area shown in the map is around the core area of Dhanbad city. Another major area of DMC is shown in the map of the southern portion of the district. A small stretch of DMC, extending up to Katras is shown in the map of the western portion. The region is fully urbanised. Jharia (community development block) has been merged into DMC. Three operational areas of BCCL operate fully within the region – Sijua Area, Kusunda Area and Bastacola Area.

Police station

There is a police station at Jharia.

Demographics

India census, Jharia had a population of 81,979. Males constitute 54% of the population and females 46%. Jharia has an average literacy rate of 68%, lower than the national average of 74.5%: male literacy is 74%, and female literacy is 60%. In Jharia, 14% of the population is under 6 years of age.

Relocation

According to the state government this is the worst site of India, the town of Jharia is to be shifted due to the uncontrollable coal mine fires (see below), which have found to be undousable, leading to loss of property and lives. Coal worth Rs. 60,000 crore (US$12 billion) is lying unmined, and the state government feels the shifting will help in exploiting this resource. The Jharia Rehabilitation and Development Authority is supposed to relocate much of the population to Belgaria and other towns nearby. However, as of 2017, the organization was facing considerable challenges in acquiring land and doing construction, and a 2016 book reporting on the relocation effort, found that the relocation was not accounting for Just Transition of jobs, or adequate high quality housing.

Coal field

Main article: Jharia coalfield

The coal field lies in the Damodar River Valley, and covers about 110 square miles (280 square km), and produces bituminous coal suitable for coke. Most of India's coal comes from Jharia. Jharia coal mines are India's most important storehouse of prime coke coal used in blast furnaces, it consists of 23 large underground and nine large open cast mines.

Coal field fire

Jharia is famous for a coal field fire that has burned underground for a century. The first fire was detected in 1916. The fire never stopped despite sincere efforts by mines department and railway authorities and in 1933 flaming crevasses lead to exodus of many residents.

In 1972, more than 70 mine fires were reported in this region. As of 2007, more than 400,000 people who reside in Jharia are living on land in danger of subsidence due to the fires, and according to Satya Pratap Singh, "Jharia township is on the brink of an ecological and human disaster". The government has been criticized for a perceived lackadaisical attitude towards the safety of the people of Jharia. Heavy fumes emitted by the fires lead to severe health problems such as breathing disorders and skin diseases among the local population.

Education

• Raja Shiva Prasad College was established in 1951 at Bhagatdih, Jharia. It was shifted to Belgarhia, 5 km away, in 2018, because of an underground mine fire.

Ammonia pollution

In 2018, researchers at Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) in Belgium revealed a created map of global atmospheric ammonia, by combining nine years of satellite data, that show Jharia and surroundings are heavily ammonia polluted from burning coal mines. The emitted ammonia reacts rapidly with other air pollutants, and thereby helps to form fine particulate matter that shortens the human lifespan through respiratory and coronary diseases. Moreover, the gaseous ammonia and ammonium compounds formed from it in the atmosphere, are deposited into ecosystems, throughout the Himalayas, damaging sensitive habitats — especially those naturally adapted to need clean air.

References

References

1. "Maps, Weather, and Airports for Jharia, India".
2. (2017-03-09). "Living above a century-old coal fire, Jharia residents pay the price for India's mining ambitions".
3. (2018). "Total Transition: The Human Side of the Renewable Energy Revolution". Rocky Mountain Books.
4. (July 2021). "Jharkhand cities and town, world-gazetteer.com}}{{dead link".
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7. "Dhanbad Municipal Corporation". Jharkhand Government.
8. "District Census Handbook Dhanbad". Directorate of Census Operations, Jharkhand.
9. "2011 Census C.D. Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA)". Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India.
10. "Area". Bharat Coking Coal Limited.
11. "Dhanbad Dsitrict Map". Jharkhand Government.
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13. "Jharkhand Police". JP.
14. "Dhanbad – Welcome to the Coal Capital of India". Jharkhand Government.
15. "Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including building, cities, villages, farm and towns IMPORTANT NOTICE this site is not good(Provisional)". Census Commission of India.
16. Mishra, Law Kumar. (31 August 2006). "Jharia to be shifted". The Times of India.
17. "The Jharia coal field fire".
18. According to records, it was the Khas Jharia mines of [[Seth Khora Ramji]], who was a pioneer of Indian coalmines, whose mines were one of the firsts to collapse in underground fire in 1930. Two of his collieries, Khas Jharia and Golden Jharia, which worked on maximum 260-foot-deep shafts, collapsed due to now infamous underground fires, in which their house and bungalow also collapsed on 8 November 1930, causing a six meter subsidence and widespread destruction.[https://archive.org/stream/bengalassambehar00playuoft/bengalassambehar00playuoft_djvu.txt Gazetteers of Bengal, Assam, Bihar & Orissa 1917 Khora Ramji Colliries]
19. [https://books.google.com/books?id=CbmyAAAAIAAJ&q=khora+ramji+ Khora Ramji Mines capsized in 1938]
20. (1997). "Peripheral Labour: Studies in the History of Partial Proletarianization edited by Shahid Amin, Marcel van der Linden".
21. Diary of Golden Days at Jharia – A Memoir & History of Gurjar Kashtriya Samaj of Kutch in Coalfields of Jharia – written by Natwarlal Devram Jethwa:1998 Page:12
22. Nanji Bapa ni Nondh-pothi published in Gujarati in year 1999 from Vadodara. It is a diary of Railway Contracts done by KGK community noted by Nanji Govindji Tank of Jamshedpur, compiled by Dharsibhai Jethalal Tank, Tatanagar. (Aank Sidhhi awarded to book by Kutch Shakti at Mumbai in 2000): Life Sketch of Seth Khora Ramji Chawra Page :76
23. [https://books.google.com/books?id=CbmyAAAAIAAJ&q=seth+khora+ramji] ''The Jharia underground fire still raging first came to notice in November, 1930 with subsidance at Seth Khora Ramji's Khas Jharia Colliery(Page 159). He was told that Seth Khora Ramji, whose mines lay underneath Jharia, had chosen to live in his house, which also collapsed in subsidance(Page 160)''. "The politics of labour under late colonialism: workers, unions, and the state in Chota Nagpur, 1928–1939 by Dilip Simeon."
24. The [[1934 Nepal–Bihar earthquake]] led to further spread of fire and by 1938 the authorities had declared that there is raging fire beneath the town with 42 collieries out of 133 on fire.Searchlight, 24 January 1936.
25. (August 2021)
26. [https://archive.today/20120908233321/http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V8C-4C4W52H-1&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=5d2c09a9fa7df30fb2b5ded8c3002a7c The Jharia mine fire control technical assistance project: an analysis, April 2004]
27. [https://web.archive.org/web/20060902180620/http://www.hindu.com/mag/2006/08/27/stories/2006082700070500.htm "Inside Coal Mine Fires", a documentary, 2005]
28. "ESTIMATION OF GAS EMISSIONS FROM SHALLOW SUBSURFACE COAL FIRES IN JHARIA COALFIELD".
29. [http://www.indiatogether.org/2006/nov/hlt-mining.htm In the line of fire, indiatogether.org]
30. "RSP College". Jharia.in.
31. "New site for oldest school". The Telegraph, 8 October 201.
32. "Jharia king's family wants royal museum in abandoned building". The Telegraph, 1 January 2019.
33. Specktor, Brandon. (5 December 2018). "Scary Map Shows Where Animal Poop Is Turning into Deadly Ammonia Pollution". Live Science.
34. (2018). "Satellite pinpoints ammonia sources globally". Nature.