Isotopes of silicon

List of isotopes

|-id=Silicon-22 | β+, p (62%)

| | |-id=Silicon-27 | 27Si | 26.98670469(12) | 4.117(14) s | β+ | 27Al | 5/2+ | | |- | 28Si | 27.97692653442(55) | 0+ | 0.92223(19)

| | |-id=Silicon-32 | 32Si | 31.97415154(32) | 157(7) y | β− | 32P | 0+ | trace | cosmogenic |-id=Silicon-33 | 33Si | 32.97797696(75) | 6.18(18) s | β− | 33P | 3/2+ | | |- | 34Si | 33.97853805(86) | 2.77(20) s | β− | 34P | 0+ | | |-id=Silicon-34m | | IT | 34Si | (3−) | | |-id=Silicon-35 | β−

| | | 3/2−# | | |-id=Silicon-46 | 46Si | | | | | | |

Silicon-28

Silicon-28, the most abundant isotope of silicon, is of particular interest in the construction of quantum computers when highly enriched, as the presence of 29Si in a sample of silicon contributes to quantum decoherence. Extremely pure (99.9998%) samples of 28Si can be produced through selective ionization and deposition of 28Si from silane gas. Due to the extremely high purity that can be obtained in this manner, the Avogadro project sought to develop a new definition of the kilogram by making a 93.75 mm sphere of the isotope and determining the exact number of atoms in the sample.

Silicon-28 is produced in stars during the alpha process and the oxygen-burning process, and drives the silicon-burning process in massive stars shortly before they go supernova.

Silicon-29

Silicon-29 is of note as the only stable silicon isotope with a nonzero nuclear spin (I = 1/2). As such, it can be employed in nuclear magnetic resonance and hyperfine transition studies, for example to study the properties of the so-called A-center defect in pure silicon.

Silicon-34

Silicon-34 is a radioactive isotope with a half-life of 2.8 seconds. In addition to the usual N = 20 closed shell, the nucleus also shows a strong Z = 14 shell closure, making it behave like a doubly magic spherical nucleus, except that it is also located two protons above an island of inversion. Silicon-34 has an unusual "bubble" structure where the proton distribution is less dense at the center than near the surface, as the 2s1/2 proton orbital is almost unoccupied in the ground state, unlike in 36S where it is almost full. Silicon-34 is one of the known cluster decay emission particles; it is produced in the decay of 242Cm with a branching ratio of approximately .

References

References

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