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Isotopes of boron

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Boron (5B) naturally occurs as isotopes and , the latter of which makes up about 80% of natural boron. There are 13 radioisotopes that have been discovered, with mass numbers from 7 to 21, all with short half-lives, the longest being that of , with a half-life of only and with a half-life of . All other isotopes have half-lives shorter than . Those isotopes with mass below 10 decay into helium (via short-lived isotopes of beryllium for and ) while those with mass above 11 mostly become carbon.

List of isotopes

| | # | | 2p? | ? | 2−# | | -- |-id=Boron-7 | | | [] | p | Subsequently decays by double proton emission to **** for a net reaction of → **** + 3**** | (3/2−) | | |- | Has 1 halo protonIntermediate product of a branch of proton–proton chain in stellar nucleosynthesis as part of the process converting hydrogen to helium | | | β+α | **** | 2+ | | |-id=Boron-8m | | | | 0+ | | |-id=Boron-9 | | | | p | | Immediately decays into two α particles, for a net reaction of → 2**** + **** | 3/2− | | |- | One of the few stable odd-odd nuclei | | 3+ |-id=Boron-11 | | | 3/2− |-id=Boron-11m | | | | 1/2+, (3/2+) | | |-id=Boron-12 | β− ()

****
β−α ()
Immediately decays into two α particles, for a net reaction of → 3**** +
-id=Boron-13
β− ()
****
-
β−n ()
****
-id=Boron-14
β− ()

| |- | β−n ()

****
β−2n ?Decay mode shown is energetically allowed, but has not been experimentally observed to occur in this nuclide.
**** ?
-id=Boron-14m

| | IT ? | | 0+ | | |-id=Boron-15 | β−n () | |- | β− ( | |- | β−2n ( | **** |-id=Boron-16 | | |
| n ? | ? | 0− | | |-id=Boron-17 | β−n () | |- | β− () | |- | β−2n () | |- | β−3n () | |- | β−4n () | **** |-id=Boron-18 | | | | n | | (2−) | | |-id=Boron-19 | β−n () | |- | β−2n () | |- | β−3n ( | |- | β− ( ) | |-id=Boron-20 | {{cite journal|last=Leblond|first=S.|display-authors=etal|title=First observation of 20B and 21B|journal=Physical Review Letters|volume=121|issue=26|pages=262502–1–262502–6|doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.262502|pmid=30636115|arxiv=1901.00455 | |
| n | | (1−, 2−) | | |-id=Boron-21 | | |
| 2n | | (3/2−) | |

Boron-8

Boron-8 is an isotope of boron that undergoes β+ decay to beryllium-8 with a half-life of . It is the strongest candidate for a halo nucleus with a loosely-bound proton, in contrast to neutron halo nuclei such as lithium-11.

Although boron-8 beta decay neutrinos from the Sun make up only about 80 ppm of the total solar neutrino flux, they have a higher energy centered around 10 MeV, and are an important background to dark matter direct detection experiments. They are the first component of the neutrino floor that dark matter direct detection experiments are expected to eventually encounter.

Applications

Boron-10

Boron-10 is used in boron neutron capture therapy as an experimental treatment of some brain cancers.

References

https://borates.today/isotopes-a-comprehensive-guide/#:~:text=Boron%20isotope%20elements%20with%20masses,11%20mostly%20decay%20into%20carbon.

References

  1. "Atomic Weight of Boron".
  2. (November 2017). "Towards laser spectroscopy of the proton-halo candidate boron-8". Hyperfine Interactions.
  3. Bellerive, A.. (2004). "Review of solar neutrino experiments". International Journal of Modern Physics A.
  4. (2016). "Physics from solar neutrinos in dark matter direct detection experiments". JHEP.
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