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Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act

US federal highway legislation

Field	Value
enacted by	102nd
cite public law
cite statutes at large
leghisturl	https://www.congress.gov/bill/102nd-congress/house-bill/2950
introducedin	House
introducedbill
introducedby	Norman Mineta (D-CA)
introduceddate	July 18, 1991
passedbody1	House
passeddate1	October 23, 1991
passedvote1	[343-83](https://clerk.house.gov/cgi-bin/vote.asp?year=1991&rollnumber=384)
passedbody2	Senate
passeddate2	October 31, 1991
passedvote2	unanimous consent, in lieu of passed June 19, 1991 [91-7](https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=102&session=1&vote=00101)
passedbody3	House
conferencedate	November 27, 1991
passeddate3	November 27, 1991
passedvote3	[372-47](https://clerk.house.gov/cgi-bin/vote.asp?year=1991&rollnumber=440)
passedbody4	Senate
passeddate4	November 27, 1991
passedvote4	[79-8](https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=102&session=1&vote=00277)
signedpresident	George H. W. Bush
signeddate	December 18, 1991
unsignedpresident		vetoedpresident=	amendments = I-27 Numbering Act of 2023
name	Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991
fullname	An act to develop a national intermodal surface transportation system, to authorize funds for construction of highways, for highway safety programs, and for mass transit programs, and for other purposes
acronym	ISTEA
nickname	Ice Tea
title amended
sections created

| cite statutes at large =

The Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 (ISTEA, ) is a United States federal law that posed a major change to transportation planning and policy, as the first U.S. federal legislation on the subject in the post-Interstate Highway System era.

The act was signed into law on December 18, 1991, by President George H. W. Bush and codified as and . The bill was preceded by the Surface Transportation and Uniform Relocation Assistance Act in 1987 and followed by the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21) in 1998, the Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (SAFETEA-LU) in 2005, the Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (MAP-21) in 2012, the Fixing America's Surface Transportation Act (FAST) in 2015, and the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act in 2021.

Objective

The act presented an overall intermodal approach to highway and transit funding with collaborative planning requirements, giving significant additional powers to metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs).

ISTEA also provided funds for the conversion of dormant railroad corridors into rail trails; the first rail trail to be funded was the Cedar Lake Regional Rail Trail, in Minneapolis, Minnesota.

High priority corridors

Section 1105 of the act also defines a number of High Priority Corridors, to be part of the National Highway System. After various amendments in subsequent transportation bills and other legislation, this is a list of the corridors:

Corridor #	Name	Location	Notes
1	North-South Corridor	Kansas City, Missouri to Shreveport, Louisiana	Interstate 49
2	Avenue of the Saints Corridor	St. Louis, Missouri to St. Paul, Minnesota
3	East-West Transamerica Corridor	Hampton Roads, Virginia to southern Kansas	Interstate 66 (Kansas–Kentucky)
Project officially cancelled on August 6, 2015
4	Hoosier Heartland Industrial Corridor	Lafayette, Indiana to Toledo, Ohio
5	I-73/74 North-South Corridor	Myrtle Beach, South Carolina to Cincinnati, Ohio, Detroit, Michigan and Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan
6	United States Route 80 Corridor	Meridian, Mississippi to Savannah, Georgia
7	East-West Corridor	Memphis, Tennessee to Atlanta, Georgia and Chattanooga, Tennessee	Partially complete. Interstate 565 from Decatur, Alabama to Huntsville, Alabama.
8	Highway 412 East-West Corridor	Tulsa, Oklahoma to Nashville, Tennessee
9	United States Route 220 and the Appalachian Thruway Corridor	Bedford, Pennsylvania to Corning, New York	Interstate 99
10	Appalachian Regional Corridor X	last1=Appalachian Regional Commission	title=Status of the Appalachian Development Highway System as of September 30, 2019	url= https://www.arc.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/ADHSStatusReportFY2019.pdf	work=Appalachian Regional Commission	access-date=December 12, 2020}}{{cite web	last1=Appalachian Regional Commission	title=Status of the Appalachian Development Highway System as of September 30, 2017	url= https://www.arc.gov/images/programs/transp/ADHSStatusReportFY2017.pdf	work=Appalachian Regional Commission	access-date=July 3, 2020	url-status = dead	archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20200704022840/https://www.arc.gov/images/programs/transp/ADHSStatusReportFY2017.pdf	archive-date=July 4, 2020
11	Appalachian Regional Corridor V	From Interstate 55 in northern Mississippi in the west to Interstate 24 in East Tennessee	Route is from Batesville, Mississippi, and via Tupelo, Mississippi, Russellville, Alabama, and Huntsville, Alabama, ending just west of Chattanooga, Tennessee See also corridor 42.
12	United States Route 25E Corridor	Corbin, Kentucky to Morristown, Tennessee
13	Raleigh-Norfolk Corridor	Raleigh, North Carolina to Norfolk, Virginia	Interstate 87 (North Carolina–Virginia)
14	Heartland Expressway	Denver, Colorado to Rapid City, South Dakota
15	Urban Highway Corridor	M-59 in Michigan
16	Economic Lifeline Corridor	I-15 and I-40 in California, Arizona, and Nevada
17	Route 29 Corridor	Greensboro, North Carolina to Washington, D.C.
18		Port Huron, Michigan to Chicago, Illinois, Corpus Christi, Texas and Victoria, Texas	Interstate 69 (see Corridor 20)
19	United States Route 395 Corridor	Canada–US border to Reno, Nevada
20	United States Route 59 Corridor	Laredo, Texas to Texarkana, Texas	Interstate 69 (see Corridor 18)
21	United States Route 219 Corridor	Buffalo, New York to Interstate 80
22	Alameda Transportation Corridor	Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach to Interstate 10	(See Corridor 34)
23	Interstate Route 35 Corridor	Laredo, Texas to Duluth, Minnesota and the Canada–US border (via Interstate 29)
24	Dalton Highway	Deadhorse, Alaska to Fairbanks, Alaska
25	State Route 168 (South Battlefield Boulevard)	Great Bridge, Virginia Bypass to the North Carolina state line
26	CANAMEX Corridor	Nogales, Arizona to the Canada–US border	Interstate 11 and Interstate 15
27	Camino Real Corridor	El Paso, Texas to the Canada–US border
28	Birmingham Northern Beltline	Birmingham, Alabama	Appalachian Highway Development System Corridor X-1
29	Coalfields Expressway	Beckley, West Virginia to Pound, Virginia
30	Interstate Route 5	California, Oregon and Washington
31	Mon–Fayette Expressway and Southern Beltway	Pennsylvania and West Virginia
32	Wisconsin Development Corridor	Dubuque, Iowa to Eau Claire, Wisconsin	Consists of three different corridors in the state of Wisconsin
33	Capital Gateway Corridor	Washington, D.C. to the Baltimore-Washington Parkway in Maryland	U.S. Route 50
34	Alameda Corridor-East and Southwest Passage	East Los Angeles, California to Barstow, California and Coachella, California, and San Bernardino, California to Arizona	(See Corridor 22)
35	Everett-Tacoma FAST Corridor	Everett, Washington to Tacoma, Washington
36	NY-17	Harriman, New York to I-90 in Pennsylvania	ISTEA mandates that route be Interstate 86
37	United States Route 90	Lafayette, Louisiana to New Orleans, Louisiana	Interstate 49
38	Ports to Plains Corridor	Laredo, Texas to Denver, Colorado	Interstate 27 (Lubbock, Texas to Amarillo, Texas)
39	United States Route 63	Marked Tree, Arkansas to Interstate 55	Interstate 555
40	Greensboro Corridor	Danville, Virginia to Greensboro, North Carolina	Interstate 785
41	Falls-to-Falls Corridor	International Falls, Minnesota to Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin
42		Batesville to Fulton, Mississippi	formed from portions of ADHS corridors V and X; law designates highway as a future Interstate highway (route number not specified in law)
43	United States Route 95 Corridor	Eastport, Idaho to Oregon
44	Louisiana Highway 1 Corridor	Grand Isle, Louisiana to U.S. Route 90
45	United States Route 78 Corridor	Memphis, Tennessee to Birmingham, Alabama	Interstate 22
46	Interstate Route 710	Long Beach, California to California State Route 60
47	Interstate Route 87	Quebec to New York City
48	Route 50 High Plains Corridor	Newton, Kansas to Pueblo, Colorado
49	Atlantic Commerce Corridor	Jacksonville, Florida to Miami, Florida
50	East-West Corridor	Watertown, New York to Calais, Maine
51	SPIRIT Corridor	El Paso, Texas to Wichita, Kansas
52		Swifton, Arkansas to Jonesboro, Arkansas
53	United States Highway Route 6	Interstate 70 to Interstate 15
54	California Farm-to-Market Corridor	south of Bakersfield, California to Sacramento, California	California State Route 99
55		Dallas, Texas to Memphis, Tennessee
56	La Entrada al Pacifico Corridor	Lamesa, Texas to Presidio, Texas
57	United States Route 41 corridor	Milwaukee, Wisconsin to Green Bay, Wisconsin	Interstate 41
58	Theodore Roosevelt Expressway	Rapid City, South Dakota to Raymond, Montana
59	Central North American Trade Corridor	border between North Dakota and South Dakota to the Canada–US border
60	Providence Beltline Corridor	Hope Valley, Rhode Island to Massachusetts
61		various corridors in Missouri
62	Georgia Developmental Highway System Corridors	various corridors in Georgia
63	Liberty Corridor	various corridors in northern New Jersey
64		various corridors in southern New Jersey
65	Interstate Route 95 Corridor	Connecticut
66	Interstate Route 91 Corridor	Connecticut
67	Fairbanks-Yukon International Corridor	Canada–US border to Fairbanks, Alaska
68	Intermountain West Corridor and Washoe County Corridor	Las Vegas, Nevada to Reno, Nevada	Interstate 11 and Interstate 80
69	Cross Valley Connector	Interstate 5 to State Route 14, Santa Clarita Valley, California
70	Economic Lifeline corridor	I-15, I-40 and other roads in California, Arizona and Nevada
71	High Desert Corridor	Los Angeles, California to Las Vegas, Nevada	Brightline West via Interstate 15
72	North-South corridor	Kansas City, Missouri to Shreveport, Louisiana	Interstate 49
73	Louisiana Highway corridor	Grand Isle, Louisiana to U.S. Route 90
74		Lafayette, Louisiana to New Orleans, Louisiana	Interstate 49
75	Louisiana 28 corridor	Fort Polk, Louisiana to Alexandria, Louisiana
76		Toledo, Ohio to Cincinnati, Ohio
77		Indiana to Toledo, Ohio
78		Cincinnati, Ohio to Cleveland, Ohio
79	Interstate Route 376	Monroeville, Pennsylvania to Sharon, Pennsylvania
80	Intercounty Connector	Interstate 270 to Interstate 95/U.S. Route 1 in Maryland
81	Interstate 795	Goldsboro, North Carolina to Interstate 40 west of Faison, North Carolina
82	U.S. Route 70	U.S. 70 from Interstate 40 at Garner, North Carolina to the port of Morehead City, North Carolina	law designates highway as a future Interstate highway (route number not specified in law). Assigned Interstate 42 by AASHTO
83	Sonoran Corridor (State Rte. 410)	A new highway from Interstate 19 to Interstate 10 south of Tucson International Airport, Arizona	law designates highway as a future Interstate highway (route number not specified in law)
84	Central Texas Corridor	Two routes from Interstate 10 (Pecos County) and Interstate 20 (Midland–Odessa), joining in Brady and continuing east to the Sabine River, passing in or near Fort Hood; College Station; Huntsville; and Livingston; all in Texas (paragraphs A–C)	FAST mandates that route be Interstate 14; IIJA designates Bryan–College Station loop as Interstate 214, the spur from Brady to I-10 as Interstate 14 South, and the spur from Brady to I-20 as Interstate 14 North. Routes in paragraphs D–G are designated as future Interstate highways (route number not specified in law)
85	Interstate 81	From Interstate 86 to the Canada–United States border
86	Interstate 70 from Salt Lake City, Utah to Denver, Colorado	Utah and Colorado
87	Newberg-Dundee Bypass route	From Newberg, Oregon to Dayton, Oregon
88	Interstate 205	Interstate 205 in Oregon
89	I-57 Corridor Extension	Extending Interstate 57 from its southern terminus at I-55 in southeastern Missouri to I-40 in North Little Rock, Arkansas	ISTEA mandates that route be Interstate 57
90	Pennyrile Parkway	From Interstate 69 near Nortonville, Kentucky in the north, to Interstate 24 south of Hopkinsville, Kentucky	ISTEA mandates that route be Interstate 169
91	Western Kentucky Parkway	The portion of the Western Kentucky Parkway between Interstate 69 in the west (near Nortonville, Kentucky) to Interstate 165 (formerly the William H. Natcher Parkway) in the east	ISTEA mandates that route be Interstate 569
92		U.S. 421 from I-85 in Greensboro to I-95 in Dunn, North Carolina	IIJA designates as future Interstate highway (route number not specified in law)
93	South Mississippi Corridor	U.S. 84 from Natchez to Laurel, Mississippi, I-59 from Laurel to Hattiesburg, Mississippi, and U.S. 49 and MS 601 from Hattiesburg to Gulfport, Mississippi	Largely identical to Central Mississippi Corridor (Corridor 100). IIJA designates the U.S. 84 and I-59 portions as a future Interstate highway (indirectly mandating it to be I-14); see also Corridor 94
94	Kosciusko to Gulf Coast Corridor	Starting at I-55 near Vaiden, Mississippi, running south and passing east of the vicinity of the Jackson Urbanized Area, connecting to U.S. 49 north of Hattiesburg, Mississippi, and generally following U.S. 49 to I-10 near Gulfport, Mississippi.	Overlaps with corridors 93 and 100 south of Hattiesburg; IIJA designates as future Interstate highway (route number not specified in law)
95	Interstate 22 Spur	U.S. 45 from I-22 in Tupelo south to near Shannon, Mississippi.	IIJA designates as future Interstate highway (route number not specified in law)
96		U.S. 412 from I-35 in Noble County, Oklahoma via Tulsa, to its intersection with I-49 in Springdale, Arkansas	IIJA designates as future Interstate highway (route number not specified in law)
97	Louie B. Nunn Cumberland Expressway (sic)	Cumberland Parkway from I-65 in Barren County to U.S. 27 in Somerset, Kentucky	Part of the cancelled East-West Transamerica Corridor route (Corridor 3); IIJA mandates this route be Interstate 365
98		MS 7 from I-55 in Grenada via Oxford to I-22 in Holly Springs, Mississippi
99	Central Louisiana Corridor	From the Sabine River, follows LA 8 and LA 28 to Alexandria, continuing east to join U.S. 84 and cross the Mississippi River near Natchez, Mississippi	IIJA mandates this route be Interstate 14
100	Central Mississippi Corridor	U.S. 84 east from Natchez to Laurel, Mississippi, then follows I-59 northeast through Meridian to the Mississippi–Alabama state line near Cuba, Alabama;	IIJA mandates the route from Natchez to the Alabama state line be Interstate 14
101	Middle Alabama Corridor	U.S. 80 east from I-20/59 near Cuba to Montgomery, then follows the partially-completed Montgomery Outer Loop (AL 108) to I-85, continuing east from Tuskegee via either U.S. 80 or I-85 and U.S. 280 to the Alabama–Georgia border in Phenix City	IIJA mandates this route be Interstate 14
102	Middle Georgia Corridor	Fall Line Freeway (GA 540) from Columbus via Warner Robins and Macon to Augusta, Georgia	IIJA mandates this route be Interstate 14

High-speed rail corridors

The legislation also called for the designation of up to five high-speed rail corridors. The options were studied for several months, and announced in October 1992. The first four were announced by United States Secretary of Transportation Andrew Card, while the last was announced by Federal Railroad Administration head Gil Carmichael.

October 15, 1992: The Midwest high-speed rail corridor with three links from Chicago, Illinois to Detroit, Michigan, St. Louis, Missouri, and Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
October 16, 1992: The Florida high-speed rail corridor linking Miami with Orlando and Tampa.
October 19, 1992: The California high-speed rail corridor linking San Diego and Los Angeles with the San Francisco Bay Area and Sacramento via the San Joaquin Valley.
October 20, 1992: The Southeast high-speed rail corridor connecting Charlotte, North Carolina, Richmond, Virginia, and Washington, D.C.
October 20, 1992: The Pacific Northwest high-speed rail corridor linking Eugene and Portland, Oregon with Seattle, Washington and Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

There was not significant funding attached to these announcements: $30 million had been allocated to several states by 1997 to improve grade crossings, but that was a very tiny amount in comparison to the billions required for a true high-speed network. Aside from a few places in California and the Chicago–Detroit Line, most areas outside the Northeast Corridor continued to be limited to 79 mph until $8 billion from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 was distributed in January 2010.

Jeff Morales one of the principal drafters of this bill, served as CEO of the California High-Speed Rail Authority, which is currently constructing a high-speed rail line along the route originally proposed in this bill, from 2012 to 2017.

Airbags

The Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 also mandated that passenger automobiles and light trucks built after September 1, 1998, to have airbags installed as standard equipment for the driver and the right front passenger.

Notes

References

"United States Code". [[Office of the Law Revision Counsel]].
"Statute Compilations". [[Government Printing Office]].
"Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991, as Amended, §1105". U.S. Government Printing Office.
(October 2012). "High Priority Corridors - National Highway System - Planning".
"Status of the Appalachian Development Highway System as of September 30, 2019". Appalachian Regional Commission.
"ADHS Approved Corridors and Termini as of 2018". Appalachian Regional Commission.
"AASHTO Electronic Balloting System - View Ballot - Agenda and List of Applications SM-2016". AASHTO.
"OR 18: Newberg-Dundee Bypass Phase 2". Oregon Department of Transportation.
(July 7, 2007). "Chronology of High-Speed Rail Corridors". Federal Railroad Administration, Department of Transportation.
(September 1997). "High Speed Ground Transportation for America - CFS Report To Congress". Federal Railroad Administration.
Rosenberg, Zach. (February 1, 2010). "At Long Last, Clear Messages for High-Speed Rail". Wired Blogs.
(May 29, 2012). "California High-Speed Rail Authority Hires World Recognized CEO".
Office of Research and Development. (June 21, 2001). "Air Bag Technology in Light Passenger Vehicles". U.S. NHTSA.
(November 13, 2009). "Sep 1, 1998: Federal legislation makes airbags mandatory".

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