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Indigenous peoples of Panama

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The Indigenous peoples of Panama, also known as Native Panamanians, are the original inhabitants of Panama, are the Native peoples whose history in the territory of today's Panama predates Spanish colonization. As of the 2023 census, Indigenous peoples constitute 17.2% of Panama's population of 4.5 million, totaling just over 698,000 individuals. There are 7 indigenous peoples. The Ngäbe and Bokota comprise half of the Indigenous peoples of Panama.

Many of the Indigenous Peoples live on comarcas indígenas, which are administrative regions for areas with substantial Indigenous populations. Three comarcas (Comarca Emberá-Wounaan, Guna Yala, Ngäbe-Buglé) exist as equivalent to a province, with two smaller comarcas (Guna de Madugandí and Guna de Wargandí) subordinate to a province and considered equivalent to a corregimiento (municipality).

They still face challenges, including land usage rights, eviction, poverty, and lack access to things like employment, education, and healthcare.

Indigenous groups

Bokota, Bocas Del Toro
Embera, southeastern Darién Province
Ngäbe (including the Movere and Murire peoples), mainly Chiriquí Province
Guna, Darién Province and Caribbean side.
Buglé, mainly Chiriquí Province
Talamanca
Teribe
Wounaan, southeastern Darién Province
Emberá-Wounaan, mainly Emberá-Wounaan Comarca
Bribri

Population

Languages

Some native peoples speak Spanish, while many more retain their traditional languages. According to the 2000 census, the following Indigenous languages are spoken in Panama:

Bokota language: 933 speakers (in Panama)
Bri-bri language: 2,521 speakers
Buglé language: 17,731 speakers
Emberá language: 22,485 speakers
Guna Language: 61,707 speakers
Naso-Teribe language: 3,305 speakers
Ngöbe language: 169,130 speakers
Wounaan language: 6,882 speakers

Notes

References

"Panama - IWGIA - International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs".
[http://www.panama-experts.com/indigenous.html "Panama History: Indigenous People."] {{Webarchive. link. (2010-11-25 ''Panama Experts.'' (retrieved 23 Feb 2011))
[http://www.iwgia.org/sw32477.asp "Indigenous Peoples in Panama."] {{webarchive. link. (2011-03-02 ''International Work Group for Indian Affairs.'' (retrieved 23 Feb 2011))

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