Iligan

Etymology

The name Iligan is from the Higaunon (Lumad/Native of Iligan) word "Ilig" which means "to go downstream". However, some also claim that the name of Iligan was taken and inspired by the Higaunon term "iligan" or "ilijan", which means "fortress of defense", an appropriate term due to frequent attacks incurred by pirates as well as other Mindanao tribes.

History

Higaonon Manobo settlement of Bayug

Iligan was first settled by Higaonon Manobos on Bayug island, now in Barangay Hinaplanon, four kilometres north of the present city centre. It was a settlement of sea dwellers.

In Dapitan, Datu Pagbuaya of Panglao received the Spaniard Miguel Lopez de Legazpi's agents in 1565. Later, Pagbuaya's son Manooc was baptized as Don Pedro Manuel Manooc. Sometime afterward by the end of the 16th century, Manooc subdued the Higaonon Manobo settlement of Bayug and turned it into one of the earliest Christian settlements in the Philippines.

Spanish rule

Although Bayug survived other raids from other enemies, especially Muslims from Lanao, the early settlers and Christian converts moved their settlement from Bayug to Iligan, which the Augustinian Recollects founded in 1609. During Christianization, the Spaniards in Iligan received a hundred Spanish soldiers as colonists and protection forces.

The Jesuits replaced the Recollects in 1639. Iligan was the Spaniards' base of operations in attempting to conquer and Christianize the Lake Lanao area throughout its history. A stone fort called Fort St. Francis Xavier was built in 1642 where Iliganons sought refuge during raids by bandits. But the fort sank due to floods. Another fort was built and this was named Fort Victoria or Cota de Iligan.

In 1850, because of floods, Don Remigio Cabili, then Iligan's gobernadorcillo, built another fort and moved the poblacion of the old Iligan located at the mouth of Tubod River west of the old market to its present site.

Being the oldest town in Northern Mindanao, Iligan was already a part of the once undivided Misamis Province by the year 1832. However, it did not have an independent religious administration because its diocese by then was based at Misamis, the provincial capital. It was one of the biggest municipalities of Misamis Province.

The Spaniards abandoned Iligan in 1899, paving the way for the landing of the American forces in 1900.

American rule

In 1903, the Moro Province was created. Iligan, because of its Moro residents, was taken away from the Misamis Province. Then, Iligan became the capital of the Lanao District and the seat of the government where the American officials lived and held office. Later in 1907, the capital of the Lanao District has transferred to Dansalan.

In 1914, under the restructuring of Moroland after the end of the Moro Province (1903–1913), Iligan became a municipality composed of eight barrios together with the municipal district of Mandulog. After enjoying peace and prosperity for about 40 years, Iligan was invaded by Japanese forces in 1942.

The liberation of Iligan by the Philippine Commonwealth forces attacked by the Japanese held sway in the city until 1944 to 1945 when the war ended. On November 15, 1944, the city held a Commonwealth Day parade to celebrate the end of Japanese atrocities and occupation.

After WW2

Establishment of the Iligan Steel Mill

Main article: Iligan Steel Mill

The Iligan Steel Mill was established in 1952 as a government-initiated project of the National Shipyards and Steel Corporation (NASSCO). After NASSCO applied for a $62.3 million loan from the United States–based Eximbank to fund projects, the latter suggested a transfer of the facilities' management to the private entity. The company was sold in 1963 to Iligan Integrated Steel Mills, Inc. of the Jacinto family.

Cityhood

Main article: Cities of the Philippines

Using the same territorial definition as a municipality, Iligan became a chartered city of Lanao del Norte on June 16, 1950 by virtue of Republic Act No. 525. The bill was authored by then congressman of Lanao Mohammad Ali Dimaporo, who was protege to the late Senator Tomas Ll. Cabili.

It was declared a first-class city in 1969 and was reclassified as First Class City "A" on July 1, 1977, by virtue of Presidential Decree No. 465. In 1983, Iligan was again reclassified as a highly urbanized city.

Rising conflicts during the late 1960s

Main article: First term of the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos

The election of Ferdinand Marcos as President of the Philippines saw a large influx of Christian groups settling in Mindanao, displacing many locals and resulting in numerous land ownership conflicts. The Marcos administration encouraged these new settlers to form militias, which were eventually nicknamed the Ilaga. The Ilaga were often associated with committed human rights abuses targeted at the Moro and Lumad people. This resulted in a lingering animosity and a cycle of violence between Moro and Christian communities which still persists today. Despite this local violence, prominent Moro thought leaders were mostly not politically active until the news of the 1968 Jabidah massacre ignited the Moro insurgency. Reports of Moro men being recruited into the Philippine Army and then being massacred when they had a dispute with their commanding officers led to the conviction that Moros were being treated as second class citizens. Ethnic tensions arising from this led to the formation of secessionist political movements, such as Cotabato Governor Datu Udtog Matalam's Muslim Independence Movement and Lanao del Sur congressman Haroun al-Rashid Lucman's Bangsamoro Liberation Organization. Additionally, the 1969 Philippine balance of payments crisis led to social unrest throughout the country, and violent crackdowns on protests led to the radicalization of many students, with some joining the New People's Army, bringing the New People's Army rebellion to Mindanao for the first time.

Iligan during martial law and Marcos administration

Main article: Marcos dictatorship, Moro conflict, Human rights abuses of the Marcos dictatorship

Towards the end of the last term allowed to him by the Philippine Constitution, Marcos placed the Philippines under Martial Law in 1972, which had the effect of further increasing tensions in Mindanao. It marked the beginning of a 14-year period of one-man rule, historically remembered for its human rights abuses In Iligan, one incident documented by a 1975 fact finding mission of Amnesty International documented the killing of twelve detainees, which was staged the incident to make it look like a prison break. The witness was himself detained without a warrant at the time, and was regularly being subjected to torture and forced labor.

The proclamation of Martial law also helped escalate the moro secessionist situation by banning political parties and organizations. The formal establishment of the Moro National Liberation Front (MNLF) one month after Marcos' proclamation of Martial Law thus marked a shift to a more military phase of the Moro conflict, taking in the members of the former BMLO, and attracting members who had become dissatisfied with the MIM. Lanao del Sur and Iligan itself were deeply affected by the conflict, with the Armed Forces of the Philippines' conflicts with MNLF and its later splinter group the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) affecting combatants and civilians alike.

Aside from political groups, Marcos' proclamation of Martial law also shuttered press outlets - television stations, national newspapers, weekly magazines, community newspapers, and radio stations - throughout the country, including in Iligan and Lanao del Sur. The 14 years of the Marcos dictatorship saw the killings of many Mindanao journalists, with prominent examples being Bulletin Today Lanao provincial correspondent Demosthenes Dingcong, Philippine Post Iligan correspondent and radio commentator Geoffrey Siao, and DXWG Iligan commentator Charlie Aberilla.

Numerous activists arose from Iligan during the 1970s, despite significant personal risks. These included Iligan natives such as prominent Nurse empowerment advocate Minda Luz Quesada (who would later be invited to the Philippines' 1987 Constitutional Convention); Electrical workers' union leader David S. Borja; religious youth organizer Edwin Laguerder; activist professor and writer Ester Kintanar of the MSU Iligan Institute of Technology; and even activist politicians such as Masiding Alonto Sr. who was a prominent supporter of opposition leader Ninoy Aquino. Some of these activists were eventually killed in the pursuit of their beliefs, including farm workers organizers James Orbe and Herbert Cayunda.

Dingcong, Quezada, Borja, Kintanar, Laguerder, Alonto Sr., Orbe, and Cayunda were all later recognized by having their names inscribed on the Wall of Remembrance of the Philippines' Bantayog ng mga Bayani, which honors those who fought for the restoration of democracy and against the authoritarian regime of the time.

Contemporary history

1997 Asian financial crisis

During the 1997 Asian financial crisis Iligan City experienced a severe economic slowdown. A number of industrial plants were closed, most notably the National Steel Corporation.

The city began to see some economic recovery with the reopening of the National Steel Corporation, which was renamed Global Steelworks Infrastructures, Inc. (GSII) in 2004.

As of 2025 the plant is still closed.

Lone district

Republic Act No. 9724, an Act separating the City of Iligan from the First Legislative District of the Province of Lanao del Norte was approved, by President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo on October 20, 2009. This legislative change elevated Iligan to the status of a lone congressional district, providing it with greater political autonomy and representation.

Geography

Iligan is bounded on the north by three municipalities of Misamis Oriental (namely Lugait, Manticao and Opol), to the south by three municipalities of Lanao del Norte (Balo-i, Linamon and Tagoloan) and two municipalities of Lanao del Sur (Kapai and Tagoloan II), to the north-east by the city of Cagayan de Oro, to the east by the municipality of Talakag, Bukidnon; and to the west by Iligan Bay.

To the west, Iligan Bay provides ferry and container ship transportation. East of the city, flat cultivated coastal land gives way to steep volcanic hills and mountains providing the waterfalls and cold springs for which the area is well known.

Climate

| Jan record high C = 30.6 | Feb record high C = 30.9 | Mar record high C = 31.8 | Apr record high C = 32.8 | May record high C = 32.7 | Jun record high C = 32.2 | Jul record high C = 31.9 | Aug record high C = 32.1 | Sep record high C = 31.9 | Oct record high C = 31.9 | Nov record high C = 31.7 | Dec record high C = 31.1 | year record high C = 32.8

| Jan record low C = 21.7 | Feb record low C = 21.8 | Mar record low C = 22.0 | Apr record low C = 22.6 | May record low C = 23.1 | Jun record low C = 22.8 | Jul record low C = 22.4 | Aug record low C = 22.5 | Sep record low C = 22.4 | Oct record low C = 22.4 | Nov record low C = 22.2 | Dec record low C = 22.0 | year record low C = 21.7

Iligan has a tropical rainforest climate (Köppen Af), falling within the third type of climate wherein the seasons are not very pronounced. Rain is more or less evenly distributed throughout the year. Because of its tropical location, the city does not experience cold weather. Neither does it experience strong weather disturbances due to its geographical location. Iligan lies outside the typhoon belt and is also surrounded by mountains that deflect or weaken storms.

Barangays

Iligan is politically subdivided into 44 barangays. Depending on the barangay, it is subdivided to puroks or zones.

• Abuno
• Acmac-Mariano Badelles Sr.
• Bagong Silang
• Bonbonon
• Bunawan
• Buru-un
• Dalipuga
• Del Carmen
• Digkilaan
• Ditucalan
• Dulag
• Hinaplanon
• Hindang
• Kabacsanan
• Kalilangan
• Kiwalan
• Lanipao
• Luinab
• Mahayahay
• Mainit
• Mandulog
• Maria Cristina
• Pala-o
• Panoroganan
• Poblacion
• Rogongon
• San Miguel
• San Roque
• Santa Elena
• Santa Filomena
• Santiago
• Santo Rosario
• Saray
• Suarez
• Tambacan
• Tibanga
• Tipanoy
• Tomas L. Cabili (Tominobo Proper)
• Upper Tominobo
• Tubod
• Ubaldo Laya
• Upper Hinaplanon
• Villa Verde

Demographics

Higaonons of neighboring Bukidnon and Misamis Oriental, and many settlers and migrants from other parts of the country. It is known for its diverse culture.

Language

Cebuano is the primary language of Iligan City. Other commonly used languages include Hiligaynon, Ilocano, Chavacano, and Waray.

Muslims in the city generally come from native Moro groups such as the Maranao and Iranun peoples. They primarily speak Maranao and Iranun respectively, but many also use Cebuano and Hiligaynon in daily communication.

Religion

The majority of Iligan citizens are Christians (mainly Roman Catholics). The city is also the center of the Diocese of Iligan which has 25 parishes in Iligan City and twelve municipalities of Lanao del Norte (Linamon, Kauswagan, Bacolod, Maigo, Kolambugan, Tubod, Baroy, Lala, Kapatagan, Sapad, Salvador, and Magsaysay). It covers an area of 3,092 square kilometers with a population of 1,551,000, which 65.5% of the population are Roman Catholics, which includes charismatics.

There is also a strong presence of other Christian denominations in Iligan, including Iglesia ni Cristo, Members Church of God International, Baptist Church, United Church of Christ in the Philippines, Evangelical churches, Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter-day Saints (Mormons), Seventh-day Adventist Church and others, altogether practiced by about 24% of the residents.

Economy

Industrial

Iligan is known as the Industrial Center of the South as its economy is largely based on heavy industries. It produces hydroelectric power for the Mindanao region through the National Power Corporation (NAPOCOR), the site of the Mindanao Regional Center (MRC) housing Agus V, VI, and VII hydroelectric plants. Moreover, Holcim Philippines' largest Mindanao cement plant is located in the city. It also houses industries like steel, tinplate, cement, and flour mills.

After the construction of Maria Cristina (Agus VI) Hydroelectric Plant by National Power Corporation (NPC, NAPOCOR) in 1950, the city experienced rapid industrialization and continued until the late 1980s. The largest steel plant in the country, National Steel Corporation (NSC), was also established in 1962.

During the 1997 Asian financial crisis, the city experienced a severe economic slowdown. A number of industrial plants were closed, notably the National Steel Corporation.

The city saw its economic revival with the reopening of the National Steel Corporation, renamed Global Steelworks Infrastructures, Inc. (GSII) in 2004. In October 2005, GSII officially took a new corporate name: Global Steel Philippines (SPV-AMC), Inc.

Agro-Industry

Aside from heavy industries, Iligan is also a major exporter and producer of various plants and crops.

Crops:

• Banana Plantations: 12,780.40 hectares
• Coconut Plantations: 11,036.95 hectares
• Corn Plantations: 4,193.86 hectares
• Coffee Production: 969.43 hectares
• Livestock: 28,992 heads
• Poultry: 17,728 heads

Finance

As of the fiscal year 2018, Iligan has a current operating income of ₱2,052.89 million. The income grew by 8% compared to the fiscal year of 2017 in which Iligan's operating income was ₱1,900 million. According to the 2017 Financial Report by the Commission on Audit, Iligan's total assets amounted to ₱10.27 billion.

Tourism

Iligan is commonly known as the "City of Majestic Waterfalls" because of the numerous waterfalls located within its area. The many waterfalls in the area attract tourists from all over the world with their beauty and power. There are about 24 waterfalls in the city. The most well-known is the Maria Cristina Falls. It is also the primary source of electric power of the city, harnessed by the Agus VI Hydroelectric Plant.

Other waterfalls in the city are Tinago Falls, accessible through a 300-step staircase in Barangay Ditucalan. Mimbalut Falls in Barangay Buru-un, Abaga Falls in Barangay Suarez, and Dodiongan Falls in Barangay Bonbonon.

Limunsudan Falls in Barangay Rogongon about 50 kilometers from the city proper of Iligan. These are the highest waterfalls in the Philippines, at 265 m (870 feet).

Iligan is home to the famous San Miguel of Iligan. It is an image of Saint Michael the archangel that dons a Native American Headdress especially when he goes to battle against Satan. The animist Lumad, the Muslim Moro and the Christian Visayans, Chavacanos, and Latinos who live together peacefully in Iligan all celebrate this festival dedicated to San Miguel and they have Eskrima dances dedicated to him. The Eskrima martial art called San Miguel Eskrima is related to this Saint.

Government

Iligan is a highly urbanized city and is politically independent of the province of Lanao del Norte. Registered voters of the city no longer vote for provincial candidates such as the Governor and Vice Governor, unlike its nearby towns that make up the provinces as a result of its charter as a city in the 1950s.

Iligan's seat of government, the city hall, is located at Buhanginan Hills in Barangay Pala-o. The local government structure is composed of one mayor, one vice mayor, and twelve councilors. Each official is elected publicly to a 3-year term and can be re-elected up to 3 terms in succession. The day-to-day administration of the city is handled by the city administrator.

Municipal Mayors

• 1935-1940: Jorge Ramiro (1st Elected Municipal Mayor)
• 1940-1945: Leo Garcia Sr. (Elected then Japanese Appointed during WW2)
• 1945: Ramon Paradela
• 1945: Bernardo Zosa (Appointed)
• 1946: Benito S. Ong (Appointed)
• 1946: Rafael Villanea Sr. (Appointed)
• 1947: Esmeraldo Roque (Appointed)

City Mayors

• 1950–1953: Benito S. Ong (Charter Mayor)
• 1954–1955: Benito C. Labao (Appointed)
• 1956–1959: Mariano Ll. Badelles (First Elected City Mayor)
• 1960–1984: Camilo P. Cabili
• 1984–1986: Pacificador A. Lluch (by Succession)
• 1986–1987: Alan L. Flores (Appointed OIC-Mayor Designate)
• 1987–1988: Lucio C. Badelles (Appointed)
• 1988 (3 days): Esperidion L. Sagrado (Appointed)
• 1988–1992: Camilo P. Cabili
• 1992–1998: Alejo A. Yañez
• 1998–2004: Franklin M. Quijano
• 2004–2013: Lawrence Ll. Cruz
• 2013–2022: Celso G. Regencia
• 2022–present: Frederick W. Siao

Vice Mayors since 1986

• 1998–2001: Pedro B. Generalao
• 2001–2004: Lawrence Ll. Cruz
• 2004–2013: Henry C. Dy
• 2013–2016: Ruderic C. Marzo
• 2016–2022: Jemar L. Vera Cruz
• 2022–2025: Marianito Dodong D. Alemania
• 2025–present: Wekwek Uy

Transportation

Seaport

The Port of Iligan is located along the northern central coastal area of Mindanao facing Iligan Bay with geographical coordinates of approximately .

It serves the port users and passengers coming from the hinterlands of the provinces of Lanao del Norte, Lanao del Sur, parts of Misamis Oriental, and the Cities of Iligan and Marawi.

Passenger and cargo shipping lines operating in the Port of Iligan serve the cities of Cebu, and Ozamiz.

There are around seven private seaports in Iligan operated by their respective heavy industry companies. These private seaports can be found in Barangays Maria Cristina, Suarez, Tomas L. Cabili, Santa Filomena, and Kiwalan.

Airports

The main airport is Laguindingan Airport, located in the municipality of Laguindingan, Misamis Oriental, which opened on June 15, 2013. The airport replaced Lumbia Airport as the main airport of Misamis Oriental and Northern Mindanao. It has daily commercial flights to and from Cebu, Davao, via Philippine Airlines and Cebu Pacific.

Maria Cristina Airport is located in Balo-i and was the main airport of Iligan in the late 1980s. Aerolift Philippines, a now-defunct regional airline, ceased its services when its passenger plane crashed into some structures at the end of the runway of the Manila Domestic Airport in 1990 which resulted to its bankruptcy. Thus, it ended its service to Iligan's airport at Balo-i which also resulted in the closure of the airport. Philippine Airlines served the city for many years before ending flights in 1998 due to the Asian financial crisis.

Bus terminals

There are two main bus terminals in Iligan.

• The Integrated Bus and Jeepney Terminal (IBJT) caters westbound trips to and from Cagayan de Oro Davao, Butuan City, General Santos City, Lucena, Esperanza, Lambayong, Butuan,
• The Southbound Bus and Jeepney Terminal caters eastbound trips to and from Cotabato City, Zamboanga City, Dipolog, Pagadian, Cubao, Quezon City, Matanog, Buldon, Barira, Parang, and Marawi.

with daily trips from and to Iligan. Passenger vans and jeeps also service various municipalities in Lanao del Sur,

City transportation

Jeepneys are the primary mode of public transportation in Iligan City, operating on most major routes throughout the city. These are gradually being supplemented and replaced by modern minibuses under the public utility vehicle modernization program.

Pedicabs are used mainly for short-distance travel within barangays, while tartanillas operate in limited areas, particularly in parts of Barangay Pala-o and Barangay Tambacan.

Education

The City of Iligan has one state university and seven private colleges specializing in Engineering and Information Technology, Health Services, Maritime Science, Business and Administration, Primary and Secondary Education, and Arts and Social Sciences.

With a total of 181 schools (106 public; 75 private; 17 madaris) including vocational and technical schools, Iligan has an average literacy rate of 94.71, one of the highest in the whole Philippines.

Mindanao State University – Iligan Institute of Technology

The Mindanao State University – Iligan Institute of Technology (MSU-IIT) is one of the few autonomous external campuses of the Mindanao State University (MSU) and "the light-bearer of the several campuses of the MSU System." It is considered one of the best universities in the Philippines with excellence in Science and Technology, Engineering, Mathematics, Information Technology, and Natural Sciences. The institution has also produced many topnotchers and rankers in multiple board exams.

Colleges

• St. Michael's College, Iligan City, is known as the oldest school in the Lanao area, founded as a catechetical center way back in 1914 by Fr. Felix Cordova, S.J. It was formally established in 1915 as Escuela de San Miguel in honor of the patron saint, St. Michael the Archangel. Now on its active bid to become the city's first private Catholic university, Saint Michael's College of Iligan currently offers 8 disciplines: Business Administration, Accountancy, Hotel, and Restaurant Management, Engineering and Computer Studies, Nursing, Criminology, Education, Arts and Sciences and the Basic Education. It also offers the TESDA Ladderized Courses and the education-related Graduate Studies Program.
• St. Peter's College, Iligan City, is an engineering, accounting, and business administration school founded in 1952.
• Capitol College of Iligan Inc., more popularly known as Iligan Capitol College (ICC), is a private, non-sectarian, coeducational institution of learning which was established in 1963 by the late Engr. Sesenio S. Rosales and Madame Laureana San Pedro Rosales. It was registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on February 12, 1964. In 1997, Iligan Capitol College established Lyceum Foundation of Iligan which is to become its sister college beside Corpus Christi Parish in Tubod, Iligan City.
• Iligan Medical Center College, is a private and non-sectarian Medicine and Health Services school founded in 1975.
• Adventist Medical Center College – Iligan, formerly Mindanao Sanitarium and Hospital College, is one of the colleges of the Seventh-day Adventist Church. It is a medical school that focuses on healthcare courses like Nursing, Nutrition and Dietetics, Medical Technology, Physical Therapy, Pharmacy, and Radiology.
• The Lyceum of Iligan Foundation, focuses on maritime and engineering courses. It also offers courses on Hotel and Restaurant Management, Nursing, Business Administration, and other allied Health Services.
• Other notable colleges and technical schools are Iligan Computer Institute (ICI), Santa Monica Institute of Technology (SMIT), STI College, Picardal Institute of Technology (PISTEch), Saint Lawrence Institute of Technology, Masters Technological Institute of Mindanao, and ICTI Polytechnic College Inc. (formerly Iligan City Technical Institute (ICTI)).

Basic education

• Iligan City National High School, the largest high school campus in Iligan.
• Lanao Chung Hua School, the first and only Chinese school in Iligan which was founded on November 12, 1938.
• La Salle Academy is a Lasallian school. It is the first of the third generation of La Salle schools founded by the De La Salle Brothers in the country.
• Corpus Christi Parochial School of Iligan is a catholic private school that was founded in 1964,by Father Sean J. Mcgrath and its former principal Inocencia L. Tapic.
• Iligan City East National High School, formerly known as Regional Science High School for Region XII but was then transferred to Cagayan de Oro and was changed into Iligan City East National High School. The School was founded in February 1986. Specializes in research, sciences, mathematics, technology education, and others.
• Integrated Developmental School, founded as Iligan High School, was established in 1946. On July 12, 1968, the school was annexed to Mindanao State University – Iligan Institute of Technology under R.A. No. 5363.
• Del Carmen Integrated School
• Suarez National High School

Notable personalities

• Tomas Cabili – former Senator (1946–1957), former Secretary of National Defense (1945) and World War II veteran; died in a plane crash with President Ramon Magsaysay at Mount Manunggal in Balamban, Cebu. He was the only Senator and Cabinet member from Iligan and Lanao del Norte.
• Salvador T. Lluch (1894–1969) – The first elected Congressman of the undivided Lanao province.
• Gloria Macapagal Arroyo – 14th President of the Philippines, 10th Vice President of the Philippines, 25th Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines (the first woman to hold the position), deputy speaker of the 17th Congress and a member of the House of Representatives representing the 2nd District of Pampanga
• Cyrus Baguio – basketball player in the Philippine Basketball Association (2003–present)
• Riego Gamalinda – basketball player in the Philippine Basketball Association (2010–present)
• Nikki Bacolod – 1st runner-up of ABS-CBN's Search for a Star in a Million Season 1, recording artist of Viva Records, QTV 11's Posh main cast member
• Shamcey Supsup – Miss Universe Philippines 2011, 3rd runner-up Miss Universe 2011 and national director of Miss Universe Philippines
• Kath Arado – player for the UE Lady Warriors volleyball team in the UAAP and for the PLDT High Speed Hitters in the Premier Volleyball League.
• Junix Inocian – international theatre, TV, and film actor and comedian, best known as "Kuya Mario" of Batibot
• Jeson Patrombon – international tennis player
• Pia Wurtzbach – Miss Universe 2015; briefly resided in Iligan as a child with her maternal grandparents before moving to Cagayan de Oro

• DubsteP – Filipino former professional Valorant player

Sister cities

Local

• Philippines Lucena, Quezon
• Philippines Tacurong, Sultan Kudarat
• Philippines Buluan, Maguindanao del Sur
• Philippines Matanog, Maguindanao del Norte
• Philippines Carmen, Cotabato
• Philippines M'lang, Cotabato
• Philippines Lambayong, Sultan Kudarat
• Philippines Esperanza, Sultan Kudarat
• Philippines Buldon, Maguindanao del Norte
• Philippines Barira, Maguindanao del Norte
• Philippines Parang, Maguindanao del Norte
• Philippines Cagayan de Oro, Misamis Oriental
• Philippines General Santos, South Cotabato
• Philippines Makati, Metro Manila
• Philippines Dipolog, Zamboanga del Norte
• Philippines Ozamiz, Misamis Occidental
• Philippines Butuan, Agusan del Norte
• Philippines Tagbilaran, Bohol

References

References

1. {{DILG detail
2. "All Provinces and HUCs in Northern Mindanao Continue to Expand in 2022; City of Cagayan de Oro Records the Fastest Growth with 9.4 Percent".
3. "PH₱56.598 per dollar (per International Monetary Fund on Representative Exchange Rates for Selected Currencies for December 2022)".
4. Godinez-Ortega, C. (September 9, 2001). Iligan City 'moves' to Northern Mindanao, Philippine Daily Inquirer. P. A13.
5. "Philippine Statistics Authority | Republic of the Philippines".
6. Ladaga, John Oliver. (January 24, 2016). "Iligan: The City of Failing Waters". [[SunStar Davao]].
7. (August 2, 2021). "ILIGAN CITY". DILG REGION 10.
8. [http://www.iligan.gov.ph/about-iligan/history/during-spanish-times/ History of Iligan during Spanish times] {{Webarchive. link. (June 12, 2018 , iligan.gov.ph. Accessed July 28, 2022.)
9. [http://allaboutiligan.blogspot.com/ All About Iligan], allaboutiligan.blogspot.com. Accessed July 28, 2022.
10. San Agustín, Conquistas, lib. 2 cap 37: 545
11. Prof. Patrocenia T. Acut, [http://www.iligan.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=594&Itemid=609 Iligan During the American Period], Iligan City Official Website
12. Prof. Leonor Buhion Enderes, [http://www.iligan.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=387&Itemid=353 Japanese Occupation in Iligan City], Iligan City Official Website
13. Tomacruz, Sofia. "SteelAsia offers to revive defunct National Steel". Rappler.
14. "R.A. No. 525, Iligan City Charter". LawPH.com.
15. (2000). "Facets of Iligan's History". Iligan City Government.
16. Francia, Luis H.. (2013). "History of the Philippines: From Indios Bravos to Filipinos". Overlook Press.
17. Eder, James F.. (June 1994). "Indigenous Peoples, Ancestral Lands and Human Rights in the Philippines".
18. "The Bangsamoro Struggle for Self-Determintation: A Case Study".
19. (2004). "Ethnicity in Asia". RoutledgeCurzon.
20. George, T. J. S.. (1980). "Revolt in Mindanao: The Rise of Islam in Philippine Politics". Oxford University Press.
21. Rodis, Rodel. (January 30, 2015). "Remembering the First Quarter Storm". Inquirer.net.
22. Miclat, Gus. (2002). "Turning Rage Into Courage: Mindanao Under Martial Law". MindaNews Publications, Mindanao News and Information Cooperative Center.
23. (September 20, 1999). "Alfred McCoy, Dark Legacy: Human rights under the Marcos regime". [[Ateneo de Manila University]].
24. (2005). "State and society in the Philippines". Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
25. "Gone too soon: 7 youth leaders killed under Martial Law". Rappler.
26. Amnesty 1975 https://www.amnesty.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/asa350191977en.pdf
27. "Infographic: The day Marcos declared Martial Law".
28. Maslog, Crispin C.. (1993). "The rise and fall of Philippine community newspapers". Published by the Philippine Press Institute with funding from Konrad Adenauer Foundation.
29. (December 11, 2006). "Florante de Castro, killed 1984, not 1986". [[Center for Media Freedom and Responsibility]].
30. (October 13, 2021). "The Marcos Regime and the Making of a Subservient Philippine Press (Part 2)". [[Government of the Philippines]].
31. David Briscoe. (Aug 6, 1985). "More Than a Dozen Journalists Killed in Philippines in a Year". [[Associated Press]].
32. (Aug 31, 1985). "Journalists Appeal to Marcos". [[The Washington Post]].
33. Richel Umel. (Aug 30, 2013). "Radioman shot dead in Iligan City". [[Inquirer.net]].
34. (May 31, 2023). "Minda Luz Quesada - Bantayog ng mga Bayani".
35. (May 31, 2023). "David Borja - Bantayog ng mga Bayani".
36. (June 11, 2023). "Edwin Laguerder - Bantayog ng mga Bayani".
37. (June 11, 2023). "Ester Kintanar - Bantayog ng mga Bayani".
38. (May 31, 2023). "Datu Masiding Alonto - Bantayog ng mga Bayani".
39. (June 20, 2023). "James Orbe - Bantayog ng mga Bayani".
40. (May 27, 2023). "Herbert Cayunda - Bantayog ng mga Bayani".
41. "Iligan - Bantayog ng mga Bayani".
42. Maricar T. Manuzon, [http://www.philippinebusiness.com.ph/archives/magazine/vol11-2004/11-1/agenda.htm A Giant Awakens] {{Webarchive. link. (February 28, 2008, Philippine Business Magazine)
43. Genalyn D. Kabiling, [http://www.mb.com.ph/issues/2004/02/04/MAIN200402041232.html National Steel Plant reopens], Manila Bulletin
44. "Climate: Iligan". Climate Data Organization.
45. "Climate of Iligan City". meteoblue.
46. "Republic Act No. 11902".
47. "Batas Pambansa Blg. 196".
48. Diocese of Iligan. (July 26, 2017). "Diocese of Iligan Statistics".
49. Prof. Geoffrey G. Salgado, [http://www.iligan.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=426 Iligan: A History of the Phenomenal Growth of an Industrial City], Iligan City Official Website
50. Maricar T. Manuzon, [http://www.philippinebusiness.com.ph/archives/magazine/vol11-2004/11-1/agenda.htm A Giant Awakens] {{Webarchive. link. (February 28, 2008 , Philippine Business Magazine)
51. [https://web.archive.org/web/20090628155601/http://www.prweb.com/releases/2005/08/prweb273857.htm GSII Changes Name to Global Steel Philippines], PRWEB August 19, 2005
52. Tagapagtala, Ang. (September 18, 2019). "San Miguel Arcangel de Iligan – The Powerful Patron of Iligan City".
53. (September 20, 2010). "Saint Michael the Archangel Cathedral & Diyandi Festival of Iligan - Philippines Tour Guide".
54. [http://www.ppa.com.ph/iligan/Iligan_AdminJurisdiction.htm PMO Iligan Website] {{Webarchive. link. (April 9, 2013 Retrieved April 18, 2013, from www.ppa.com.ph)
55. Amojelar, D. (April 16, 2013). [https://web.archive.org/web/20130419011523/http://www.interaksyon.com/business/59576/govt-defers-transfer-of-flights-to-laguindingan-airport-until-after-summer Gov't defers transfer of flights to Laguindingan Airport until after summer], Retrieved April 18, 2013, from www.interaksyon.com.
56. Betonio, T., Managbanag, N. (February 27, 2013). [http://www.sunstar.com.ph/cagayan-de-oro/local-news/2013/02/27/laguindingan-airport-open-april-270300 Laguindingan airport to open in April] {{Webarchive. link. (April 13, 2015 , Retrieved April 18, 2013, from www.sunstar.com.ph.)
57. (May 18, 1990). "Aviation Safety Database, Accident Description". Aviation-safety.net.
58. "The Philippines Air Accidents 1990-1999". Baaa-acro.com.
59. Macapado A. Muslim, "Commencement Address", a speech at MSU-IIT's 38th Commencement Exercises, MSU-IIT Gymnasium, Iligan City, April 4, 2008.
60. "Recognitions {{!}} MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology".
61. {{usurped
62. "GLORIA MACAPAGAL ARROYO President of the Philippines (2001-2010)". [[Council of Women World Leaders]].
63. "Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo". The H. W. Wilson Company.
64. Spaeth, Anthony. (January 29, 2001). "Glory, Gloria!".
65. (March 23, 2015). "Bb. Pilipinas Pia Alonzo Wurtzbach: Cdeo is my second home". [[Sun.Star]].
66. (July 22, 2022). "From CounterStrike to VALORANT, DubsteP has seen the highs and lows of PH esports".
67. "Makati and Iligan Sign Sister-City Pact". Makati city government.
68. "Bohol Sunday Post - June 19, 2011 - Tagbilaran is now Iligan's sister city".