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Iduronic acid

-Iduronic acid (IUPAC abbr.: IdoA) is the major uronic acid component of the glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) dermatan sulfate, and heparin. It is also present in heparan sulfate, although here in a minor amount relative to its carbon-5 epimer glucuronic acid.

IdoA is a pyranose sugar. Most pyranoses are stable in one of two chair conformations 1C4 or 4C1. -iduronate is different and adopts more than one solution conformation, with an equilibrium existing between three low-energy conformers. These are the 1C4 and 4C1 chair forms and an additional 2S0 skew-boat conformation.

thumb|left|α--idopyranuronic acid|120px

IdoA may be modified by the addition of an O-sulfate group at carbon position 2 to form 2-O-sulfo--iduronic acid (IdoA2S).

In 2000, LK Hallak described the importance of this sugar in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. Dermatan sulfate and heparan sulfate were the only GAGs containing IdoA, and they were the only ones that inhibited RSV infection in cell culture.

When internally positioned within an oligosaccharide, the 1C4 and 2S0 conformations (shown below for IdoA2S) predominate.

Proton NMR spectroscopy can be used to track changes in the balance of this equilibrium.

File:IDU_1C4.jpeg|IdoA(2S)1C4 conformation File:IDU_2S0.jpeg|IdoA(2S)2S0 conformation

Iduronic acid can be detected colorimetrically.

References

References

  1. (2000). "Iduronic acid-containing glycosaminoglycans on target cells are required for efficient respiratory syncytial virus infection". Virology.
  2. (1990). "Conformer populations of L-iduronic acid residues in glycosaminoglycan sequences". Carbohydrate Research.
  3. (1979). "Colorimetric determination of hexuronic acids in plant materials". Analytical Chemistry.
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uronic-acids pyranoses hexoses
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