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Idris Bitlisi

Ottomon civil servant

Field	Value
name	Idris Bitlisi
image	İdrisi Bitlisi Mezar Taşı.jpg
caption	The tombstone of Idris Bitlisi in Eyüp Sultan
birth_date	18 January 1457
birth_place	Sulaqan, Ray, Iran
death_date	15 November 1520
death_place	Constantinople (now Istanbul), Ottoman Empire
occupation	Historian, Scholar, Administrator
notable_works	Hasht Bihisht, Selim Şahname
era	15th-16th century
sub_discipline	Ottoman Empire, Kurdish history

Idris Bitlisi ( 18 January 1457 – 15 November 1520), sometimes spelled Idris Bidlisi, Idris-i Bitlisi, or Idris-i Bidlisi ("Idris of Bitlis"), and fully Mevlana Hakimeddin İdris Mevlana Hüsameddin Ali-ül Bitlisi, was an Ottoman Kurdish religious scholar and administrator.

Even though many scholarly works mention Bitlis as Bitlisi's place of birth, a new research states that he was actually born in the district of Sulaqan in Ray in northern Iran.

He wrote a major Ottoman literary work in Persian, named Hasht Bihisht, which began in 1502 and covered the reign of the first eight Ottoman rulers.

One of the earliest extant copies of Bitlisi's ''Salīm-Shāhnāmah'', completed after 1567 but before 1574. Persian MS 47, John Rylands Library (University of Manchester)

Biography

Bitlisi's father, Hosam al-Din Ali Bitlisi, was a Sufi author strongly affiliated with the Sufi Nurbakhshi sect. Like his father, Idris Bitlisi began his career in the Aq Qoyunlu court, in the service of Yakup Bey, son of Uzun Hasan. He attracted the attention of the Ottoman sultan Selim I and served under him for much of the rest of his life. He joined Selim I in his campaigns against the Mamluks and the Safavids. In 1514 he led the Kurdish forces who captured Diyarbakır from the Safavids. Following the success of the military campaign led by him, he was able to form an alliance between the Kurdish notables and the Ottoman Empire. Selim I entrusted Bitlisi to persuade the Kurds to maintain the alliance between the Kurdish notables and the Ottoman Empire by delivering him with an exceptional authority to deposit territories to the Kurdish notables within the Ottoman Empire to govern over them with an extended autonomy. Bitlisi also assisted the sultan in establishing an Ottoman administration in Egypt, now the Egypt Eyalet (province) of the Ottoman Empire, after its conquest in 1517. He was appointed to numerous administrative positions of significant responsibility including Kazasker (district supreme administrative judge) of Diyarbekir and Arabia.

Bitlisi was instrumental in the incorporation of the territories of Urfa and Mosul into the Ottoman Empire without a war, and of Mardin after a long siege. He played a key role in driving the Alevi Turkomans from the whole region and the assimilation and Ottomanization of the remaining Sunni Kurds.

He died in Constantinople on 15 November 1520, shortly after the death of his longtime benefactor, Sultan Selim I. Bitlisi was buried in Eyüp neighborhood of Constantinople, in the garden of the complex known as "İdris Köşkü" (Idris Mansion) or "İdris Çeşmesi" (Idris Fountain), built by his wife Zeynep Hatun.

Bitlisi wrote extensively towards the end of his life; his best known work is "Selim Şahname", an epic history of Selim I's reign.

''Hasht Bihisht''

Bitlisi's Persian Hasht Bihist (also spelled Hasht Behest or Heşt Behişt) was written making explicit use of the stylistic and organizational models of Persianate historiography. Most of the work's content derives best-known written by earlier Ottoman chroniclers.

References

Bibliography

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References

(2019). "Rethinking Idris-i Bidlisi: An Iranian Bureaucrat and Historian between the Shah and the Sultan". Iranian Studies.
9971774887 p 68
Özoğlu, Hakan. (2004-02-12). "Kurdish Notables and the Ottoman State: Evolving Identities, Competing Loyalties, and Shifting Boundaries". SUNY Press.
Klein, Janet. (2011-05-31). "The Margins of Empire: Kurdish Militias in the Ottoman Tribal Zone". Stanford University Press.
Hagen, Gottfried. (2013). "The Cambridge History of Turkey: Volume 2, The Ottoman Empire as a World Power, 1453–1603". Cambridge University Press.

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