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Idoxuridine

Chemical compound

Idoxuridine

Chemical compound

| Drugs.com = | elimination_half-life = Idoxuridine is an anti-herpesvirus antiviral drug.

It is a nucleoside analogue, a modified form of deoxyuridine, similar enough to be incorporated into viral DNA replication, but the iodine atom added to the uracil component blocks base pairing. It is used only topically due to cardiotoxicity. It was synthesized by William Prusoff in the late 1950s.

Clinical use

Idoxuridine is mainly used topically to treat herpes simplex keratitis. Epithelial lesions, especially initial attacks presenting with a dendritic ulcer, are most responsive to therapy, while infection with stromal involvement are less responsive. Idoxuridine is ineffective against herpes simplex virus type 2 and varicella-zoster.

Side effects

Common side effects of the eye drops include irritation, blurred vision and photophobia. Corneal clouding and damage of the corneal epithelium may also occur.

Formulations and dosage

Idoxuridine is available as either a 0.5% ophthalmic ointment or as a 0.1% ophthalmic solution. The dosage of the ointment is every 4 hours during day and once before bedtime. The dosage of the solution is 1 drop in the conjunctival sac hourly during the day and every 2 hours during the night until definitive improvement, then 1 drop every 2 hours during the day and every 4 hours during the night. Therapy is continued for 3–4 days after healing is complete, as demonstrated by fluorescein staining.

Synthesis

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References

References

  1. (January 2015). "Antiviral treatment and other therapeutic interventions for herpes simplex virus epithelial keratitis". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.
  2. Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. Edited by Gilman AG, Rall TW, Nies AS, Taylor P. McGraw-Hill. 8th ed. 1990.
  3. (October 1963). "Treatment of herpes keratitis with 5-iodo-2-deoxyuridine (IDU): a clinical evaluation of 1500 cases". American Journal of Ophthalmology.
  4. Drugs.com: [https://www.drugs.com/mtm/idoxuridine-ophthalmic.html Idoxuridine ophthalmic]
  5. (March 1959). "Synthesis and biological activities of iododeoxyuridine, an analog of thymidine". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta.
  6. "Nouveau procédé de préparation d'un dérivé de l'uridine et produits utilisés dans ce procédé [New process for preparing a derivative of uridine and products used in this process]".
  7. "Process for the preparation of 5-iodo-2'-desoxy-uridine".
  8. (May 1960). "Introduction of the 5-halogenated uracil moiety into deoxyribonucleic acid of mammalian cells in culture". The Journal of Biological Chemistry.
  9. (July 1963). "Iodination of 2'-Deoxycytidine and Related Substances". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry.
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nucleosides pyrimidinediones organoiodides anti-herpes-virus-drugs hydroxymethyl-compounds
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