Hylotelephium telephium

Taxonomy

The plant was known to botanists, including Dioscorides (Διοσκουρίδης, 40 AD – 90 AD) in his De Materia Medica () as Telephion (). Pliny, Gerard and Parkinson were among many later authors to describe Telephium. It was first formally described by Linnaeus in 1753, as one of 15 species of Sedum, Gray included it and related species as a section of the genus Sedum. These species differ markedly from the rest of that genus by a distinct ovary and ovules, flowering stems, leaves, inflorescence, flower parts, colour and blooming time and chromosome number. Consequently, Ohba (1977) segregated these species into a separate genus, Hylotelephium with 28 species, specifying Hylotelephium telephium as the type species. Subsequent molecular phylogenetic studies have confirmed that these species constitute a distinct clade, separate from the very large Sedum genus, which is paraphyletic. Sedum is widely considered to be an unnatural catch-all taxonomic grouping. That clade, originally given the informal name Telephium and later Hylotelephium, was given the taxonomic rank of tribe Telephieae. The name Hylotelephium telephium has been widely, but not universally adopted.

Etymology and names

Telephium

The name Telephium was thought to be named after a surgical term for an ulcer that was particularly difficult to cure. This in turn was named after King Telephus who suffered from a spear wound that would not heal (see Uses).

Common names

Hylotelephium telephium has earned many common names in English, including orpine, livelong, life-everlasting, live-forever, frog's-stomach, harping Johnny, midsummer-men, orphan John and witch's moneybags.

Subdivision

There are several subspecies. Ohba accepted the following:

• Hylotelphium telephium subsp. fabaria Koch - West & Central Europe
• Hylotelphium telephium subsp. maximum L. - Europe & W Asia
• Hylotelphium telephium subsp. ruprechtii Jalas - North-east Europe
• Hylotelphium telephium subsp. telephium - Central & East Europe, E Asia

Distribution and habitat

The species is endemic from Europe to Asia, but has been widely introduced elsewhere, particularly N America. It can be found growing in fields, around hedges, hills, and on gravelly or calcareous soils. In the UK, it is found in woodland and near hedges.

Uses

The very young leaves can be eaten raw, and both the young leaves and firm tubers can be cooked.

The plant has been used medicinally, being used by the Romans to treat wounds, and in later times to treat internal ulcers. It has also been used for love-divination, as the stems and leaves can store water, when picked, hence common name livelong. They were hung in a room where a girl was to be married to a boy. If the stems grew together, this 'sign' would mean that the marriage would be blessed and she would be happy. Alternatively, if they grew apart, the marriage prospects looked bad, and if a stem died, this would portent death.

Gallery

(MHNT) Hylotelephium telephium - Habitus.jpg|Hylotelephium telephium Subspecies telephium - Habit (MHNT) Hylotelephium telephium - flower buds.jpg|Hylotelephium telephium Subspecies telephium - Flower buds Sedum fabaria a5.jpg|Subspecies fabaria Sedum telephium 240808b.jpg|Subspecies telephium Sedum telephium subsp maximum 200807.jpg|Subspecies maximum Hylotelephium telephium Sturm42.jpg|Subspecies maximum Blüte von Hylotelephium 'Herbstfreude' mit zwei Bienen IMG 9737c.jpg|The cultivar 'Herbstfreude'

Notes

References

Bibliography

Books

• • , in
• (full text at ResearchGate)

;Historical

• (from the Latin, after John Goodyer 1655])
• (Index in frontispiece)
• , see also Species Plantarum
• , see also English Botany

Articles

Websites

References

1. WoS. (2017-07-07). "Hylotelephium telephium (Orpine)".