How to Observe Morals and Manners

Manners and Morals

Martineau combined what she called manners and morals. She states that "Manners have not been treated of separately from Morals in any of the preceding divisions of the objects of the traveler's observation. The reason is, that manners are inseparable from morals, or, at least, cease to have meaning when separated".

This is distinctive against Mary Wollstonecraft who, in her preface to A Vindication of the Rights of Women, stated that "Manners and morals are so nearly allied that they have often been confounded; but, though the former should only be the natural reflection of the latter, yet, when various causes have produced factitious and corrupt manners, which are very early caught, morality becomes an empty name."

Reactions

Among those influenced by this book was Charles Darwin, who wrote in one of his notebooks that he read it during the first half of August 1838. Darwin was inspired by Martineau's cultural relativism to conclude that morality can not only be influenced by culture, but also can be a social instinct that is shaped by heredity: "This probably is natural consequence of man, like deer, etc., being social animal, & this conscience or instinct may be most firmly fixed, but it will not prevent others being engrafted."

References

References

1. Pichanick, Valerie K. ''Harriet Martineau, The Woman and Her Work, 1802-76.'' Lansing: U of Michigan P. 1980. 74.
2. Martineau, Harriet. "How to Observe Morals and Manners".
3. Manier, Edward. (1978). "The young Darwin and his cultural circle: A study of influences which helped shape the language and logic of the first drafts of the theory of natural selection". D. Reidel Publishing Company.