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Hanksite
Sulfate mineral
Sulfate mineral
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| name | Hanksite |
| image | Hanksite-27109.jpg |
| imagesize | 260 |
| caption | Hanksite crystal from Searles Lake |
| category | Sulfate minerals, sulfate carbonate |
| formula | Na22K(SO4)9(CO3)2Cl |
| IMAsymbol | Hks |
| strunz | 7.BD.30 |
| system | Hexagonal |
| class | Dipyramidal (6/m) |
| H–M symbol: (6/m) | |
| symmetry | *P*63/m |
| unit cell | *a* = 10.465(21) Å |
| *c* = 21.191(43) Å; *Z* = 2 | |
| color | Colorless to pale yellow, may be grayish green due to clay inclusions |
| habit | Occurs as short prismatic to tabular hexagonal crystals |
| cleavage | Good on {0001} |
| fracture | Uneven |
| tenacity | Brittle |
| mohs | 3–3.5 |
| luster | Vitreous to dull |
| streak | White |
| diaphaneity | Transparent to translucent |
| gravity | 2.562 |
| opticalprop | Uniaxial (−) |
| refractive | *n*ω = 1.481, *n*ε = 1.461 |
| birefringence | δ = 0.020 |
| fluorescence | Pale yellow under LW UV |
| solubility | Readily soluble in water |
| references |
H–M symbol: (6/m) c = 21.191(43) Å; Z = 2 | length fast/slow =
Hanksite is a sulfate mineral, distinguished as one of only a handful that contain both carbonate and sulfate ions (a sulfate carbonate). It has the chemical formula Na22K(SO4)9(CO3)2Cl.
Occurrence
It was first described in 1888 for an occurrence in Searles Lake, California, and named for American geologist Henry Garber Hanks. Hanksite is normally found in crystal form as evaporite deposits. Hanksite crystals are large but not complex in structure. It is often found in Searles Lake, Soda Lake, Mono Lake, and in Death Valley. At its deposits in San Bernardino County, California hanksite is commonly found beneath the surface embedded in mud or in drill cores (Palache et al., 1960). It is associated with halite, borax, trona, and aphthitalite at the Searles Lake locality. It is also associated with borax mining in the Soda Lake area.
Physical characteristics
Hanksite can be colorless, white, gray, green, or yellow, and is transparent or translucent. The mineral's hardness is approximately 3 to 3.5. The specific gravity is approximately 2.5 (slightly below average). It is salty to the taste and sometimes glows pale yellow in ultraviolet light. Typical growth habits are hexagonal prisms or tabular with pyramidal terminations. The streak of Hanksite is white. It can contain inclusions of clay that the crystal formed around while developing.
Similar minerals
- Borax
- Halite
- Nahcolite
- Tincalconite
- Trona
References
Bibliography
- Palache, P.; Berman H.; Frondel, C. (1960). "Dana's System of Mineralogy, Volume II: Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Etc. (Seventh Edition)" John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, pp. 628-629.
References
- Warr, L.N.. (2021). "IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols". Mineralogical Magazine.
- [https://rruff.info/doclib/hom/hanksite.pdf Handbook of Mineralogy].
- [https://www.mindat.org/min-1815.html Mindat.org].
- [https://www.webmineral.com/data/Hanksite.shtml Webmineral data].
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