Guiuan

History

Guiuan is widely known for two significant events in history 423 years apart. In 1521, Ferdinand Magellan, first European to set foot on Philippine soil, landed in Homonhon, now part of Guiuan. In 1944, the American Forces landed on the island of Suluan where they fought their first battle in the Philippine territory three days before Gen. Douglas MacArthur stormed the beaches of Leyte. The Americans built a military base for its torpedo boats, warships, bombers and fighter planes. The base was the biggest American supply base in the Pacific during the war. About 100,000 American servicemen were stationed in Guiuan and nearby towns.

The Spanish priest and historian Juan José Delgado was stationed in Guiuan in the 18th century. In his book Biblioteca Histórica Filipina: Historia general sacro-profana, política y natural de las islas del poniente llamadas Filipinas (1751), he recorded the old name of the region as "Guiguan." He describes it as a thin stretch of land on the southern tip of Samar. He also describes the nearby islands of "Omonhon" (Homonhon), "Soloan" (Suluan), Tubabao, "Manicaui" (Manicani), and other small islets and settlements.

The occurrence of World War II shook the town and people moved to the mountains to find comfort. On June 28, 1943, several Japanese soldiers set foot on Guiuan soil. Not as fearful and brutal as they were thought of by the local populace, a cordial relation soon existed between the conquered and the conquerors. Evacuees came down from the mountains and resumed a normal urban life. Except for a few killings of suspected traitors by both Japanese, Filipino soldiers and local guerillas, not a drop of blood was shed needlessly. This made Guiuan one of the few places in the islands where World War II did not leave so many tragic memories.

The first sign of liberation of the town came on November 27, 1944, when a US Navy submarine chaser steamed the harbor for reconnaissance duty. On December 1, 1944, a fleet of LCTs, Liberty ships and barges poured into the Guiuan Bay to unload machines that was to transform Guiuan into one of the biggest Naval Bases, Leyte-Samar Naval Base, in the Far East that time, set up by the American Navy, part of the Allies. Some aircraft landed on the airstrip to rendezvous with the Necessary Evil squadrons.

Now all that is left of the American occupation are concrete slabs which once served as the foundations of a vast supply depot, and an air strip, which now serves as the town's own airport.

In 1949, the International Refugee Organization made an appeal to tackle the displacement crisis caused by the war and a precursor to the UNHCR. It wanted new homes for thousands of White Russians in the aftermath of the Bolshevik Revolution (Russian Revolutions) and subsequent civil war. More than 5,000 of them, under the care of John Maximovitch (Saint John of Shanghai and San Francisco), the Orthodox Archbishop of Shanghai who would later be canonised, were taken to the island of Tubabao, located a couple of hundred metres from the coast of Guiuan. The Russian refugees made Guiuan their home until 1951, when they moved to Australia and the United States.

In 1952, the sitios of Talisay, Bagambang, Calamrisan, Lo-ok and Barawalti, belonging to Barrio Tubabao, were separated and created into the barrio of Trinidad.

On November 10, 1978, Proclamation No. 1801 was issued declaring Guiuan as a Tourist Zone and Marine Reserve under the administration and control of the Philippine Tourism Authority (PTA).

On November 8, 2013, the city suffered heavy damage, along with 107 fatalities, 16 missing and over 3,626 injuries, as it was hit by the eye of Typhoon Haiyan (Super Typhoon Yolanda) with maximum ten-minute sustained wind speeds of 230 km/h (145 mph). Haiyan made its first landfall over Guiuan at 04:40 PhST.

Almost every building was heavily damaged or deroofed, including the designated typhoon shelters, the Catholic Church, hospital and gymnasium. However, one house in Lactason remained intact because of the owner's effort to hold it in place with her bare hands. The woman was later identified as Mana Maring, a moron (a Filipino delicacy) maker and vendor.

Geography

The municipality of Guiuan is located at the southeasternmost tip of Samar Island. It is bounded on the north by the municipality of Mercedes, on the east by the Philippine Sea and the Pacific Ocean, on the south by the Surigao Strait, and on the west by Leyte Gulf.

Clustered around the municipality are numerous islands and islets such as Manicani, Calicoan, Sulangan, Candulo, Homonhon, Suluan and Tubabao. They are protected as part of the marine reserve known as the Guiuan Protected Landscape and Seascape.

Guiuan is 109 km south of Borongan and 154 km from Tacloban. It has a total land area of 175.49 km2. It is composed of sixty (60) barangays and the only town in the province with biggest number of island barangays.

Barangays

Guiuan is politically subdivided into 60 barangays, 37 of which is located in the mainland of Guiuan, i.e. the portion of Guiuan that is contiguous with Samar Island, and the remaining 23 in the islands surrounding the mainland. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.

Mainland barangays

Poblacion barangays: The poblacion, or town center, is located on the southwestern coastal area of the Guiuan mainland, facing Leyte Gulf. A ward is named before the Allies headquarters and served as a Medical center for the Allies Western Pacific Command.

• Poblacion Ward 1
• Poblacion Ward 2
• Poblacion Ward 3
• Poblacion Ward 4
• Poblacion Ward 4-A
• Poblacion Ward 5
• Poblacion Ward 6
• Poblacion Ward 7
• Poblacion Ward 8
• Poblacion Ward 9
• Poblacion Ward 9-A
• Poblacion Ward 10
• Poblacion Ward 11
• Poblacion Ward 12
• Alingarog
• Bagua
• Banahao
• Barbo
• Bucao
• Bungtod
• Cagdara-o
• Campoyong
• Cantahay
• Cogon
• Dalaragan
• Gahoy
• Hagna
• Hollywood
• Lupok
• Mayana
• Salug
• Santo Niño (or Sto. Niño)
• Sapao
• Surok
• Tagporo
• Taytay
• Timala

Island barangays

Barangays in Homonhon Island:

• Bitaugan
• Cagusu-an
• Canawayon
• Casuguran
• Culasi
• Habag
• Inapulangan
• Pagbabangnan

Barangays in Tubabao Island and neighboring islets:

• Camparang
• San Antonio
• San Juan
• San Pedro
• Trinidad

Barangays in Calicoan Island and neighboring islets:

• Baras
• Ngolos
• Pagnamitan
• Sulangan

Barangays in Manicani Island:

• Banaag
• Buenavista
• Hamorawon
• San Jose

Other island barangays:

• Victory – Victory Group of Islands
• Suluan – Suluan Island

Climate

| Jan record high C = 33.0 | Feb record high C = 34.4 | Mar record high C = 34.8 | Apr record high C = 36.6 | May record high C = 37.6 | Jun record high C = 37.0 | Jul record high C = 35.4 | Aug record high C = 36.1 | Sep record high C = 36.7 | Oct record high C = 35.6 | Nov record high C = 36.0 | Dec record high C = 33.5 |year record high C = 37.6 | Jan record low C = 19.0 | Feb record low C = 19.3 | Mar record low C = 18.0 | Apr record low C = 19.3 | May record low C = 20.7 | Jun record low C = 20.3 | Jul record low C = 18.5 | Aug record low C = 20.6 | Sep record low C = 20.0 | Oct record low C = 20.0 | Nov record low C = 19.2 | Dec record low C = 20.0 |year record low C = 18.0 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181014230112/https://data.gov.ph/sites/default/files/pagasanormvalguiuaneastsam1981-2010.csv | archive-date = 14 October 2018 | access-date = 14 October 2018}} | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181014230153/https://pubfiles.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/pagasaweb/files/cad/CLIMATOLOGICAL%20EXTREMES%20%28as%20of%202023%29/Guiuan.pdf | archive-date = 14 October 2018 | access-date = 14 October 2018}}

Demography

Guiuan recorded a total population of 38,694 in 2000, which rose to 47,037 in 2010 and 52,991 in 2015. It has the second largest population in Eastern Samar (after Borongan) with a population density of 270 persons per km2.

Majority or 97.7% of the Guiuananons speak the Waray-Waray language. Less than 3.0% speak Cebuano (including the Boholano dialect) and Tagalog. A few percentage can converse in English, with varying degrees of proficiency.

Economy

Guiuan is classified as a second income class municipality as of CY 2008. Its Total Financial Resources amounted to 67.71 million pesos. Its Internal Revenue Allotment (IRA) represents 78.0% of its total financial resources.

Being a fishing community and the only municipality with the most number of island barangays, the town is rich in fishery and aquatic resources. It is considered by the fisheries authorities as the best fishing belt in the region.

The coastal waters offer almost all species of marine life: euchuema, abalone, ornamental fish, lobster and the golden cowry (known for its extraordinary golden sheen). They also offer delicacies, shellcraft products as well as fresh and processed marine products.

Existing land use indicates a predominance of agriculture which covers 38.2% of the total land area. Most of the agricultural lands are dominantly planted with coconut trees. Other major crops include vegetables, root crops, palay, corn, banana and other fruit trees, coffee and pineapple.

The municipality is likewise rich in mineral resources. It has an estimated mineral reserve of bauxite, nickel and titaferous magnitie of more than 26.7 million metric tons. The most companies that Mined in the Municipality were Japanese during the 70s, 80s and the 90s, they brought about raw Mineral Ore to Japan then by empty ship back they brought with them some Japanese Surplus Motors and chopped spare parts including Electrical Appliances.

Transportation

;By air Guiuan Airport has a 2,800-metre (6,870ft) runway which can service light private planes, chartered cargo and military planes. The Guiuan Airport was upgraded in 2010. Cebu-based airline Mid-Sea Express had scheduled flights from Cebu City to Guiuan twice weekly on Saturdays and Mondays, using a 19-seater Jetstream 32 aircraft. Service started in 2012 but has now been discontinued.

;By land The town is accessible by land with highway connection from Tacloban City, about three-four hours travel. Several buses and vans regularly shuttle passengers to Guiuan. It is also accessible from Borongan. Alternatively, several bus companies have daily trips to Guiuan from Manila. Travel time is approximately twenty-one hours.

Since the town is a coastal municipality, it has a small seaport operational throughout the year.

Point of Interest

;Sulangan Church The church is also known as The Shrine of St. Anthony of Padua. It is known to both the locals and pilgrims around Eastern Visayas because of being miraculous. Saint Anthony of Padua is considered the patron saint for lost items, articles, people, or even spiritual goods. Many people visit the church to ask Saint Anthony even the most impossible wishes and the saint is believed to grant them.

;Linao Cave Linao Cave is one of the most famous attractions in Guiuan because of its crystal clear water. The cave is named linao which means "clear" in Waray.

Utilities

Telephone companies operating in the municipality includes TELECOM, Globelines and Bayantel. Smart and Globe cellular phone companies are also operational. The town also has a local radio station, Radyo Natin Guiuan (103.7 MHz), serving Guiuan and neighboring areas in Eastern Visayas.

In 2004, Eastern Samar Electric Cooperative (ESAMELCO) was able to energize Guiuan, Calicoan Island up to Sulangan covering 37 out of 60 barangays. Island barangays are served with electricity through generator sets either privately owned or operated by the barangay council. However, electricity shortages are frequent and subscribers experience weekly power failures, lasting for 10 to 12 hours or for 24 hours in severe cases.

Guiuan is also the site of one of the weather stations of the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration, located in Barangay Sapao. Positioned at 60 m above sea level, the facility consists of a Surface Synoptic Station for usual weather observation and a Doppler weather radar station for detecting intensity (reflectivity) and velocity (by Doppler effect) of distant weather elements. The radar station was built and renovated with the aid of the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA).

Notable people

• Sheen Gonzales - member of the Philippine House of Representatives since 2025
• José Lugay Raquel - member of the Philippine House of Representatives from 1916 to 1922

References

References

1. "DIY Budget Travel Guide to Guiuan, Eastern Samar".
2. {{DILG detail
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5. "Chapter XXIX: Bases in the Philippines".
6. Amazona, Roel. (December 17, 2019). "Further study on 'White Russian' refugees in E. Samar pushed".
7. (November 12, 2013). "'Everything is gone' in Guiuan, tropical paradise forever transformed by typhoon".
8. (November 8, 2013). "Severe Weather Bulletin #6 for Typhoon 'Yolanda' (Haiyan), issued at 5:00AM, 08 November 2013". [[PAGASA.
9. Lim, Lance. (November 8, 2021). "Eight years after Yolanda: Guiuan town shows improved economic muscle".
10. Labro, Vicente S.. (2011-06-11). "Guiuan's treasure chest of history, natural wonders".
11. (1751). "Biblioteca Histórica Filipina: Historia general sacro-profana, política y natural de las islas del poniente llamadas Filipinas".
12. (4 December 2013). "A forgotten episode in Russian history leaves links with the Philippines". INDEPENDENT.co.uk.
13. "An Act Creating the Barrio of Trinidad, Guiuan, Province of Samar". LawPH.com.
14. (10 November 1978). "Proclamation No. 1801, s. 1978".
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16. "Province: Eastern Samar". National Statistical Coordination Board.
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