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Guanidine nitrate

| NFPA-H = 2 | NFPA-F = 3 | NFPA-R = 3 | NFPA-S = OX | (4h, Inhalation, rat, m/f, dust/mist) | (96h, fathead minnow) | (48h, water flea) Guanidine nitrate is the chemical compound with the formula (linear formula ). It is a colorless, water-soluble salt. It is produced on a large scale and finds use as precursor for nitroguanidine, fuel in pyrotechnics and gas generators. Its correct name is guanidinium nitrate, but the colloquial term guanidine nitrate is widely used.

Production and properties

Although it is the salt formed by neutralizing guanidine with nitric acid, guanidine nitrate is produced industrially by the reaction of dicyandiamide (or calcium salt) and ammonium nitrate.

It has been used as a monopropellant in the Jetex engine for model airplanes. It is attractive because it has a high gas output and low flame temperature. It has a relatively high monopropellant specific impulse of 177 seconds ().

Guanidine nitrate's explosive decomposition is given by the following equation: :

Uses

Guanidine nitrate is used as the gas generator in automobile airbags. It is less toxic than the mixture used in older airbags of sodium azide, potassium nitrate and silica (, , and ), and it is less explosive and sensitive to moisture compared to the very cheap ammonium nitrate ().

Safety

The compound is a hazardous substance, and is both a fuel and oxidizer. It is also harmful to the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract.

References

References

  1. {{Sigma-Aldrich
  2. (24 December 2021). "Guanidine nitrate SDS". ThermoFisher Scientific.
  3. (March 2019). "Insensitive High Explosives: III. Nitroguanidine – Synthesis – Structure – Spectroscopy – Sensitiveness". Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics.
  4. "Guanidine and Derivatives".
  5. Tabuchi, Hiroko. (2016-08-26). "A Cheaper Airbag, and Takata's Road to a Deadly Crisis". The New York Times.
  6. (November 15, 2022). "What chemicals make airbags inflate, and how have they changed over time?". [[Chemical & Engineering News]].
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guanidinium-compounds nitrates monopropellants explosive-chemicals
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