Governor of New York

History

The position of governor in New York dates back to the British takeover of New Amsterdam, when the position replaced the former Dutch offices of director or director-general.

The New York State Constitution, section XVII originates the role, reading: "And this convention doth further, in the name and by the authority of the good people of this State, ordain, determine, and declare that the supreme executive power and authority of this State shall be vested in a governor; and that statedly, once in every three years, and as often as the seat of government shall become vacant, a wise and descreet freeholder of this State shall be, by ballot, elected governor..."

Election

The governor is directly elected every four years, in even-numbered years when there is no presidential election. The governor is required to be a United States citizen and a resident of New York for five years preceding their election. No person can be elected as governor under the age of thirty.

Powers and duties

The governor has a duty to enforce state laws, and the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the New York State Legislature, to convene the legislature, and to grant pardons, except in cases of treason and impeachment. Unlike the other government departments that compose the executive branch of government, the governor is the head of the state Executive Department. The officeholder is afforded the courtesy style of Their Excellency while in office.

Often considered a potential candidate for U.S. president, ten New York governors have been selected as presidential candidates by a major party, four of whom (Martin Van Buren, Grover Cleveland, Theodore Roosevelt, and Franklin D. Roosevelt) were elected as President of the United States. Meanwhile, six New York governors have gone on to serve as vice president. Additionally, two New York governors, John Jay and Charles Evans Hughes, have served as chief justice.

Appointments

The governor is responsible for appointing their Executive Chamber. These appointments do not require the confirmation of the New York State Senate. Most political advisors report to the secretary to the governor, while most policy advisors report to the director of state operations, who also answers to the secretary to the governor, making that position, in practice, the true chief of staff and most powerful position in the Cabinet. The actual "chief of staff" is in charge of the Office of Scheduling and holds no authority over other cabinet officials.

The governor is also charged with naming the heads of the various departments, divisions, boards, and offices within the state government. These nominees require confirmation by the state Senate. While some appointees may share the title of commissioner, director, etc., only department level-heads are considered members of the actual state cabinet, although the heads of the various divisions, boards, and offices may attend cabinet-level meetings from time to time.

Line of succession

The Constitution of New York has provided since 1777 for the election of a lieutenant governor of New York, who also acts as president of the State Senate, to the same term (keeping the same term lengths as the governor throughout all the constitutional revisions). Originally, in the event of the death, resignation or impeachment of the governor, or absence from the state, the lieutenant governor would take on the governor's duties and powers. Since the 1938 constitution, the lieutenant governor explicitly becomes governor upon such vacancy in the office.

Should the office of lieutenant governor become vacant, the temporary president of the state senate performs the duties of a lieutenant governor until the governor can take back the duties of the office, or the next election; likewise, should both offices become vacant, the temporary president acts as governor, with the office of lieutenant governor remaining vacant. Although no provision exists in the constitution for it, precedent set in 2009 allows the governor to appoint a lieutenant governor should a vacancy occur. Should the temporary president be unable to fulfill the duties, the speaker of the assembly is next in the line of succession. The lieutenant governor is elected on the same ticket as the governor, but nominated separately.

Line of succession:

1. Lieutenant Governor
2. Temporary President of the Senate
3. Speaker of the Assembly
4. Attorney General
5. Comptroller
6. Commissioner of Transportation
7. Commissioner of Health
8. Commissioner of Commerce
9. Industrial Commissioner
10. Chairman of the Public Service Commission
11. Secretary of State

Timeline

Bibliography

References

References

1. (24 August 2021). "Kathy Hochul sworn in as New York's first female governor". [[Axios (website).
2. (November 9, 2022). "Democrat Kathy Hochul wins full term as New York Governor defeating Lee Zeldin". [[NPR]].
3. Thorpe, Francis Newton. (1998-12-18). "The Federal and State constitutions, colonial charters, and other organic laws of the state[s], territories, and colonies now or heretofore forming the United States of America /compiled and edited under the Act of Congress of June 30, 1906".
4. "New York State Constitution". New York Department of State.
5. (January 1, 2015). "The Constitution of the State of New York". New York Department of State — Division of Administrative Rules.
6. New York Chamber of Commerce. (1899). "Annual banquet of the Chamber of Commerce of the State of New York. Addresses made on the occasion".
7. Edward V. Schneier, John Brian Murtaugh, and Antoinette Pole, ''New York Politics: A Tale of Two States'' (2nd edition) (2010)
8. Pecorella, Robert. (2006). "Governing New York State". State University of New York Press.
9. Benjamin, Elizabeth. (2008-03-12). "In and Out". [[Daily News (New York).
10. The state constitutions refer to this position as the "temporary president of the senate"
11. Peters, Jeremy W.. (September 22, 2009). "In 4-3 Vote, Court Says Paterson Can Appoint Lt. Governor". The New York Times.
12. "NYC DOT - Commissioner Ydanis Rodriguez".
13. "Meet the Commissioners".
14. "New York (State). Industrial Commission {{!}} The Online Books Page".
15. "2012 New York Consolidated Laws :: DEA - Defense Emergency Act 1951 784/51".