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General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam
Highest political position in Vietnam
Highest political position in Vietnam
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| post | General Secretary |
| body | the Communist Party of Vietnam Central Committee |
| flag | Flag of the Communist Party of Vietnam.svg |
| flagsize | 200px |
| flagcaption | Flag of the Communist Party of Vietnam |
| native_name | Tổng Bí thư Ban Chấp hành Trung ương Đảng Cộng sản Việt Nam |
| insignia | Communist Party of Vietnam flag logo.svg |
| insigniasize | 100px |
| insigniacaption | Emblem of the Communist Party of Vietnam |
| image | Keir Starmer meets Tô Lâm 29-10-2025 (6) (cropped).jpg |
| imagesize | 220px |
| incumbent | Tô Lâm |
| incumbentsince | 3 August 2024 |
| type | Party leader |
| status | Highest ranking official / Political chief |
| member_of | |
| appointer | Central Committee |
| termlength | Five years, renewable once (but exemptions can be given) |
| precursor | Chairman |
| First Secretary | |
| formation | |
| inaugural | Trần Phú |
| salary | 30,420,000₫ monthly ($1,186 USD) |
| style | *Comrade* |
| His Excellency |
First Secretary His Excellency The general secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam Central Committee (), simply and informally the party general secretary or just general secretary (Tổng bí thư, TBT), is the contemporary title for the holder of the highest office within the Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV), being in practice the highest position in the politics of Vietnam and is considered the highest political authority of Vietnam (above the president and prime minister).
The General Secretary
The general secretaryship used to be the second-highest office within the party when Hồ Chí Minh was the chairman, a post which existed from 1951 to 1969, and since 1969, the general secretary has generally been regarded as the highest leader of Vietnam. The general secretary also holds the title of secretary of the Central Military Commission, the leading party organ on military affairs, being the highest political and ideological leader of the People's Army of Vietnam; however, unlike other Communist Parties' leaders, the Vietnamese position rarely assumes a co-official government office or title such as State President at the same time, alongside the consensus-based four pillars slightly lowering the position's supremacy in the Vietnamese political system to its one-party counterparts. The current general secretary is Tô Lâm, ranking first in the Politburo. The position was once designated the first secretary () from 1960 to 1976.
Trần Phú, one of the founding members of the Indochinese Communist Party, was the party's first general secretary. A year after being elected, he was sentenced to prison by the French authorities because of anti-French activities. He died in prison the same year. Trần's de facto successor was Lê Hồng Phong who led the party through the office of General Secretary of the Overseas Executive Committee (OEC). The OEC general secretary led the party because the Central Committee had been all but annihilated. Hà Huy Tập, the third general secretary, was removed from his post in March 1938, and was arrested by the authorities in May. Nguyễn Văn Cừ, the fourth general secretary, was arrested by the authorities in January 1940, and executed by shooting on 28 August 1941. He was succeeded by Trường Chinh. On 11 November 1945, under pressure from the Chinese Nationalist occupation of northern Vietnam, the Indochinese Communist Party was nominally dissolved and renamed the Institute for Studying Marxism in Indochina, though it continued to operate clandestinely. It was publicly reestablished as the Workers’ Party of Vietnam in February 1951.
An article in Nhân Dân on 25 March 1951 described Trường Chinh's role as the "builder and commander" of the revolution, while Hồ Chí Minh was referred to as "the soul of the Vietnamese revolution and the Vietnamese resistance". Trường Chinh was demoted as first secretary in 1956 because of his role in the Land Reform Campaign. Hồ Chí Minh took over the office of first secretary, but quickly appointed Lê Duẩn acting first secretary. Lê Duẩn was elected first secretary in 1960 and was second only to Hồ Chí Minh until the latter's death on 2 September 1969.
From 2 September 1969 until his death on 10 July 1986, Lê Duẩn was the undisputed leader of Vietnam. He died two months before the next National Party Congress. He was succeeded by Trường Chinh, the former general secretary who had served as the second-most powerful politician in Vietnam since Hồ Chí Minh's death. Trường Chinh was demoted from his post at the 6th National Party Congress and was succeeded by Nguyễn Văn Linh. The Western press called Nguyễn Văn Linh "Vietnam's Gorbachev" because of his reformist policies. He resigned because of bad health in 1991, and Đỗ Mười was appointed to the general secretaryship by the 7th National Congress. He ruled until 1997, when he was ousted from power by the reformist-wing of the party. Lê Khả Phiêu was Đỗ Mười's successor, and he was elected as a compromise candidate. He was ousted in 2001, before the 10th National Party Congress, when the Central Committee overturned a decision of the Politburo; a majority in the Central Committee voted to remove Lê Khả Phiêu as general secretary. Nông Đức Mạnh succeeded him, and he came to be considered a modernizer. Nông Đức Mạnh was also the first general secretary with a university degree. He retired in 2011, and was succeeded by Nguyễn Phú Trọng, who ruled for thirteen years before his death. After his death in 2024, Tô Lâm succeeded Trọng.
Lâm was re-elected at the 14th Party Congress.
The general secretary presides over the work of the Central Committee, the Political Bureau, the Secretariat, and chairs meetings with key leaders (Working Regulation of the Central Committee, 2011).
List
| General Secretary of the Indochinese Communist Party Central Committee | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tổng Bí thư Ban Chấp hành Trung ương Đảng Cộng sản Đông Dương | No. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| These numbers are not official. | Portrait | Name | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Birth–Death) | Took office | Left office | Rank | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Central Committee | Trần Phú | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (1904–1931) | Lê Hồng Phong | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (1902–1942) | Hà Huy Tập | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (1906–1941) | Nguyễn Văn Cừ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (1912–1941) | Trường Chinh | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (1907–1988) | First Secretary of the Workers' Party of Vietnam Central Committee | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bí thư Thứ nhất Ban Chấp hành Trung ương Đảng Lao động Việt Nam | No. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| These numbers are not official. | Portrait | Name | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Birth–Death) | Took office | Left office | Rank | Central Committee | Trường Chinh | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (1907–1988) | Hồ Chí Minh | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (1890–1969) | Lê Duẩn | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (1907–1986) | General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam Central Committee | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Tổng Bí thư Ban Chấp hành Trung ương Đảng Cộng sản Việt Nam | Lê Duẩn | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (1907–1986) | Trường Chinh | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (1907–1988) | Nguyễn Văn Linh | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (1915–1998) | Đỗ Mười | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (1917–2018) | Lê Khả Phiêu | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (1932–2020) | Nông Đức Mạnh | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| {{small | (born 1939{{Cite web | url =https://tulieuvankien.dangcongsan.vn/lanh-dao-dang-nha-nuoc/tong-bi-thu/dong-chi-nong-duc-manh-68 | title=Đồng chí Nông Đức Mạnh | date =16 April 2018 | website = | Nguyễn Phú Trọng | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (1944–2024) | Tô Lâm | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (born 1956) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 | [[File:Tran Phu.gif | 80px | alt=A young man, in a suit with a pale shirt and dark tie]] | 27 October 1930 | 6 September 1931† | 1 | Provisional Central Committee | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (1930–35) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2 | [[File:Le Hong Phong.gif | 80px | alt=A young man, in a suit with a pale shirt and dark tie]] | 27 October 1931 | 26 July 1936 | 1 | [1st Central Committee](1st-central-committee-of-the-communist-party-of-vietnam) (1935–45) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3 | [[File:Ha Huy Tap.png | 80px | alt=A young man, in a suit with a pale shirt and dark tie]] | 26 July 1936 | 30 March 1938 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4 | [[File:Nguyen Van Cu.gif | 80px | alt=A young man, in a pale shirt and dark jacket]] | 30 March 1938 | 9 November 1940 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5 | [[File:TruongChinh1955.jpg | 80px | alt=A balding man looking to the left, dressed in a dark jascket buttoned to the neck]] | 9 November 1940 | 11 November 1945 | 1945 August Revolution]] led by Hồ Chí Minh. | [1st Central Committee](1st-central-committee-of-the-communist-party-of-vietnam) (1935–45) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5 | [[File:TruongChinh1955.jpg | 80px | alt=A balding man looking to the left, dressed in a dark jascket buttoned to the neck]] | 19 February 1951 | 5 October 1956 | 2 | [2nd Central Committee](2nd-central-committee-of-the-communist-party-of-vietnam) (1951–60) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 6 | [[File:Ho Chi Minh 1946.jpg | 80px | alt=A thin-faced man with a long beard wearing traditional clothing]] | 5 October 1956 | 10 September 1960 | 1 | [2nd Central Committee](2nd-central-committee-of-the-communist-party-of-vietnam) (1951–60) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [3rd Central Committee](3rd-central-committee-of-the-communist-party-of-vietnam) (1960–76) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 7 | [[File:Le duan.png | 80px]] | 10 September 1960 | 20 December 1976 | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 7 | [[File:Le duan.png | 80px]] | 20 December 1976 | 10 July 1986† | 1 | [4th Central Committee](4th-central-committee-of-the-communist-party-of-vietnam) (1976–81) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [5th Central Committee](5th-central-committee-of-the-communist-party-of-vietnam) (1981–86) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| *5* | [[File:TruongChinh1955.jpg | 80px | alt=A balding man looking to the left, dressed in a dark jacket buttoned to the neck]] | 14 July 1986 | 18 December 1986 | 1 | [5th Central Committee](5th-central-committee-of-the-communist-party-of-vietnam) (1981–86) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 8 | 18 December 1986 | 28 June 1991 | 1 | [6th Central Committee](6th-central-committee-of-the-communist-party-of-vietnam) (1986–91) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 9 | [[File:Do Muoi cropped.jpg | 80px | alt=An old graying man wearing white jacket]] | 28 June 1991 | 26 December 1997 | 1 | [7th Central Committee](7th-central-committee-of-the-communist-party-of-vietnam) (1991–96) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [8th Central Committee](8th-central-committee-of-the-communist-party-of-vietnam) (1996–2001) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10 | [[File:Lekhaphieu2011.jpg | 80px | alt=]] | 26 December 1997 | 22 April 2001 | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 11 | [[File:Nong Duc Manh 2010.jpg | 80px | alt=a man with greying black hair, wearing a suit and tie]] | 22 April 2001 | 19 January 2011 | 1 | [9th Central Committee](9th-central-committee-of-the-communist-party-of-vietnam) (2001–2006) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [10th Central Committee](10th-central-committee-of-the-communist-party-of-vietnam) (2006–2011) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 12 | [[File: Nguyen Phu Trong HN2023.jpg | 80px]] | 19 January 2011 | 19 July 2024† | 1 | [11th Central Committee](11th-central-committee-of-the-communist-party-of-vietnam) (2011–2016) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [12th Central Committee](12th-central-committee-of-the-communist-party-of-vietnam) (2016–2021) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [13th Central Committee](13th-central-committee-of-the-communist-party-of-vietnam) partial (2024–2026) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 13 | [[File: Tô Lâm in Hanoi - 2024 (P064238-935063).jpg | 80px]] | 3 August 2024 | *Incumbent* | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| [14th Central Committee](14th-central-committee-of-the-communist-party-of-vietnam) |
| Chairman of the Workers' Party of Vietnam Central Committee | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chủ tịch Ban Chấp hành Trung ương Đảng Lao động Việt Nam | No. | Portrait | Name | ||||
| (Birth–Death) | Took office | Left office | Rank | Central Committee | Hồ Chí Minh | ||
| (1890–1969) | |||||||
| * | [[File:Ho Chi Minh 1946.jpg | 80px | alt=A thin-faced man with a long beard wearing traditional clothing]] | 19 February 1951 | 2 September 1969† | 1 | [2nd Central Committee](2nd-central-committee-of-the-communist-party-of-vietnam) (1951–1960) |
| [3rd Central Committee](3rd-central-committee-of-the-communist-party-of-vietnam) (1960–1976) |
;Key † Died in office
Timeline
PlotArea = top:3 bottom:100 right:130 left:20 AlignBars = late
Define $today =
DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy Period = from:01/01/1930 till:$today TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:5 start:1930 ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:1 start:1930
Colors = id:icp value:rgb(0.651,0.129,0) legend: Indochinese_Communist_Party id:wpv value:rgb(0,0,0.373) legend: Worker's_Party_of_Vietnam id:cpv value:rgb(0.92,0.02,0.02) legend: Communist_Party_of_Vietnam
Legend = columns:2 left:200 top:50 columnwidth:230
TextData = pos:(20,55) textcolor:black fontsize:M text:"Party:"
BarData = bar:TrầnPhú bar:LêHồngPhong bar:HàHuyTập bar:NguyễnVănCừ bar:TrườngChinh bar:HồChíMinh bar:LêDuẩn bar:NguyễnVănLinh bar:ĐỗMười bar:LêKhảPhiêu bar:NôngĐứcMạnh bar:NguyễnPhúTrọng bar:TôLâm
PlotData = width:5 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till
bar:TrầnPhú from: 27/10/1930 till: 19/04/1931 color:icp text:"Trần Phú" bar:LêHồngPhong from: 31/03/1935 till: 26/07/1936 color:icp text:"Lê Hồng Phong" bar:HàHuyTập from: 26/07/1936 till: 30/03/1938 color:icp text:"Hà Huy Tập" bar:NguyễnVănCừ from: 30/03/1938 till: 09/11/1940 color:icp text:"Nguyễn Văn Cừ" bar:TrườngChinh from: 09/11/1940 till: 19/02/1951 color:icp bar:TrườngChinh from: 19/02/1951 till: 05/10/1956 color:wpv text:"Trường Chinh" bar:HồChíMinh from: 05/10/1956 till: 10/09/1960 color:wpv text:"Hồ Chí Minh" bar:LêDuẩn from: 10/09/1960 till: 02/07/1976 color:wpv bar:LêDuẩn from: 02/07/1976 till: 10/07/1986 color:cpv text:"Lê Duẩn" bar:TrườngChinh from: 14/07/1986 till: 18/12/1986 color:cpv text:"Trường Chinh" bar:NguyễnVănLinh from: 18/12/1986 till: 27/06/1991 color:cpv text:"Nguyễn Văn Linh" bar:ĐỗMười from: 27/06/1991 till: 26/12/1997 color:cpv text:"Đỗ Mười" bar:LêKhảPhiêu from: 26/12/1997 till: 22/04/2001 color:cpv text:"Lê Khả Phiêu" bar:NôngĐứcMạnh from: 22/04/2001 till: 19/01/2011 color:cpv text:"Nông Đức Mạnh" bar:NguyễnPhúTrọng from: 19/01/2011 till: 19/07/2024 color:cpv text:"Nguyễn Phú Trọng" bar:TôLâm from: 03/08/2024 till: $today color:cpv text:"Tô Lâm"
Notes
References
Bibliography
References
- Lê Thanh Xuân. (4 July 2024). "Bảng lương của lãnh đạo cấp cao khi tăng lương cơ sở lên 2,34 triệu đồng".
- "Party General Secretary's address to the press after talks with US President".
- "Bộ Chính trị - Khóa XIII {{!}} Ban Chấp hành Trung ương Đảng". [[Communist Party of Vietnam]].
- (29 June 1991). "March of the poor and friendless (Vietnamese Communist Party holds its 7th Congress)". [[The Economist]].
- (22 April 2001). "Modernising leader for Vietnam". [[BBC World News]]. [[BBC Online]].
- (10 August 2020). "Tóm tắt tiểu sử Nguyên Tổng Bí thư Lê Khả Phiêu".
- (15 November 2020). "Tóm tắt tiểu sử Bộ trưởng Bộ Công an Tô Lâm".
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