Gardens Shul

History

The congregation first met in 1841 on Erev Yom Kippur in a private home. The next week it established the Society of the Jewish Community of Cape Town, Cape of Good Hope or Tikvath Israel (tikvath meaning "hope").

In 1842 it purchased land on Albert Road in Woodstock to establish a cemetery for the congregation,

The congregation moved into a purpose-built synagogue in 1848, next to the Houses of Parliament.

Pulver was replaced by Joel Rabinowitz, who formed the Jewish Philanthropic Society (now the Board of Guardians). In 1863 the congregation moved into a larger building, now known as the Old Shul. The architect, James Hogg, is believed to have made a careful analysis of Solomon’s Temple in the Books of Kings and Chronicles, and incorporated features derived from this study in the final plan.

In 1896, the congregation formed its own school on Hope Hill, the Cape Town Hebrew Congregational Public School. It was supported by Cecil Rhodes and Jan Hendrik Hofmeyr and by 1902 had 500 pupils in its high school and separate junior school. It was eventually taken over by the Cape School Board, but lost its character as a Jewish school and closed in 1920.

The previously Anglo-German character of the congregants began to change as significant numbers of more religiously observant Jewish migrants arrived from Eastern Europe between 1880 and 1948. In 1899, 25,000 refugees from the South African War arrived in Cape Town, 3,000 of whom were Jewish and mostly from Eastern Europe. Many of the Jewish refugees' English was not sufficient to easily follow Bender's sermons, and were uncomfortable with the less strict religious observance of the Anglo-German Jewish establishment, and with Bender's antipathy towards Zionism. The monopoly of the CTHC was broken and The New Hebrew Congregation was formed, with its Roeland Street Shul opened in 1902, accommodating the less affluent, more religiously observant Jewish migrants from Eastern Europe.

The CTHC began a building fund for a larger, more ornate synagogue. It was designed by architects Parker and Forsythe and built at a price of £26,000, and could accommodate 1500 worshipers.

In 1937, Bender retired and was succeeded by Rabbi Israel Abrahams, who was Cape Chief Rabbi for the next thirty years. Both Bender and Abrahams occupied the chair of Hebrew studies at the University of Cape Town and had the title of Professor. Abrahams was heavily involved with the establishment of United Herzlia Schools.

In 1942 Abrahams addressed Cape Town City Hall as news emerged of the Holocaust unfolding in Europe, telling attendees that two million souls, each one created in the image of God, had been destroyed from this earth. Abrahams was cautious about the arrival of Reform Judaism in Cape Town, with Temple Israel having opened in 1944.

There were tensions between the congregation and the burgeoning Orthodox synagogue, Marais Road Shul in Sea Point, particularly between Abrahams and that congregation's rabbi, Rabbi Shrock. In 1949, Abrahams had blocked Shrock's appointment to the Beit Din. Shrock and his congregation also opposed Abrahams' appointment as Chief Rabbi of Cape Town, and rejected the notion of a Chief Rabbi for the Cape This would allow Abrahams to make decision about their synagogue and presume a higher status than Rabbi Shrock. The congregation's representatives did not attend a vote for a Chief Rabbi and in their absence, Rabbi Abrahams was elected, with Rabbi Shrock as deputy Chief Rabbi. Shrock rejected the deputy position and the congregation left the Cape Board of Deputies and United Council of Synagogues. A decision was made to federate with the Roeland Street and Vredehoek synagogues to strengthen their position. The congregation rejoined the UC in 1955 on the condition that by rejoining, it did not imply that the congregation would be under the authority of the Cape Chief Rabbi and that the synagogue would remain independent.

The synagogue was the seat of the Chief Rabbi of the Jewish congregations of the then Cape Province, as well as of South West Africa and the Sephardi Congregation of Rhodesia (only since 1986 has South Africa had one sole Chief Rabbi for the country).

Membership progressively declined as much of the City Bowl Jewish population migrated to the Southern Suburbs and Sea Point. In 1995, the synagogue took the lead in Cape Town by hosting a memorial service for the murdered Israeli president, Yitzhak Rabin. At the turn of the millennium, the congregation was reinvigorated by the development of its campus in providing the South African Jewish Museum, the Cape Town Holocaust Centre, the Jacob Gitlin Library, the Gardens Jewish Community Centre and the kosher cafe, Café Riteve. In 2007, the congregation hired a 24-year old Chabad rabbi, Osher Feldman from Sydney as its new spiritual leader. The cantor is Choni Goldman, also known as Choni G.

Gallery

Great Synagogue Gardens 01 CT.jpg|Sanctuary of the 1905 synagogue Great Synagogue Gardens 03 CT.jpg|Bimah of the 1905 synagogue Great Synagogue Gardens 07 CT.jpg|Interior detail of the 1905 synagogue Great Synagogue Gardens 05 CT.jpg|Interior detail of the 1905 synagogue Great Synagogue Gardens 06 CT.jpg| Stained glass window of the 1905 synagogue Great Synagogue Gardens 02 CT.jpg|Ceiling detail of the 1905 synagogue Company Gardens. View through to Synagogue.jpg| The 1905 synagogue beneath Table Mountains, seen from Company's Garden Company Gardens. Great Synagogue seen from Paddocks.jpg|1905 synagogue seen from Company's Garden SA Jewish Museum CT.jpg|The Old Shul Sajm Old Synagogue 03.JPG|Interior of the Old Shul Sajm Old Synagogue 01.JPG|Interior of the Old Shul

Notable members

• Nik Rabinowitz, comedian
• Jane Raphaely, publisher

References

References

1. (29 April 2013). "Cape Town's Jewish History on Display". [[Forward (magazine).
2. (1 June 2023). "US government funds restoration of SA's oldest shul". South African Jewish Report.
3. "Our History". Gardens Shul.
4. (2010). "Early days - 20th century". [[University of Cape Town]].
5. (2010). "Eastern European Jews arrive". [[University of Cape Town]].
6. (2010). "South African war refugees arrival". [[University of Cape Town]].
7. (2010). "News of Nazi atrocities emerge". [[University of Cape Town]].
8. (2010). "1930s: Part 2". [[University of Cape Town]].
9. (2010). "The synagogue secedes from the Jewish Board of Deputies". [[University of Cape Town]].
10. (29 July 2015). "Historic Gardens Shul still plays a vital role". South African Jewish Report.
11. (24 August 2016). "Gardens Shul – glorious past, bright future". South African Jewish Report.
12. (6 October 2014). "'Finking' about Jewish Unity". [[Times of Israel]].
13. "180 Celebration - Gardens Shul".