Garden City, New York

History

19th century

In 1869, Irish-born millionaire Alexander Turney Stewart bought a portion of the lightly populated Hempstead Plains. In a letter, Stewart described his intentions for Garden City:

The new community's central attraction was the Garden City Hotel. It was replaced by a new hotel in 1895, designed by the acclaimed firm of McKim, Mead & White. This hotel was destroyed by fire in 1899 and then rebuilt and expanded, before being replaced again in 1983. The hotel still stands on the original grounds, as do many nearby Victorian homes. Access to Garden City was provided by the Central Railroad of Long Island, another Stewart project that he undertook at the same time. This railroad, in conjunction with the Flushing & North Side Railroad, ran from Long Island City through Garden City to Farmingdale (with a spur to the location of the Stewart's brickworks in Bethpage), and then to Babylon. It opened in 1873, with a branch to Hempstead.

Stewart's wife, Cornelia, founded the Cathedral Schools of St. Paul (for boys) and St. Mary (for girls), a Bishop's Residence and the Gothic Cathedral of the Incarnation, which is today the center of the Episcopal Diocese of Long Island, as well as the final resting place of Alexander Turney Stewart and Cornelia Stewart. This elaborate memorial was completed in 1885. Mrs. Stewart died the following year. In 2008, the Cathedral of the Incarnation underwent a multimillion-dollar renovation and rehabilitation project, which was completed in 2012.

Voters selected Mineola (in the town of North Hempstead) as the county seat of the new county of Nassau in November 1898 (before Mineola incorporated as a village in 1906 and set its boundaries), winning out over Hicksville and Hempstead. The Garden City Company (founded in 1893 by Alexander Turney Stewart's heirs) donated 4 acre of land for the county buildings just south of the Mineola train station and the present-day Incorporated Village of Mineola, in the Town of Hempstead. The land and the buildings have a Mineola postal address but are within the present-day village of Garden City, which did not incorporate or set its boundaries until 1919. The early village did well due to its proximity to Hempstead, at the time Long Island's commercial center. In time, thanks to the railroad and automobiles, Garden City's population increased.

In its early years, the press called Garden City "Stewart's Folly" due to the lack of residents that Stewart had envisioned would populate his project.

20th century

In 1910, Doubleday, Page, and Co., one of the world's most important publishers, moved its operations to the east side of Franklin Avenue and had its own train station called Country Life Press added nearby. Doubleday purchased much of the land on the west side of Franklin Avenue, and built estate homes for many of its executives on Fourth Street. In 1916, company co-founder and Garden City resident Walter Hines Page was named Ambassador to Great Britain.

The area west of Garden City, named Garden City Estates, was established in 1907. It merged with Garden City, with both incorporated as the Village of Garden City in 1919. Garden City's growth promoted the development of many nearby towns, including Stewart Manor, Garden City Park, Garden City South and East Garden City.

The Village is home to three golf courses, the first having been laid out under Devereux Emmet's direction in 1896 and now called the Garden City Golf Club. Subsequently, the now-named Cherry Valley Club (originally Salisbury Club) and Garden City Country Club opened. For a short time in the late 1920s a fourth course existed, the Old Westbury Golf Club (initially the Intercollegiate Golf Club), east of Clinton Road (CR 1).

Aviation played a big role in the Village's history. The Nassau Boulevard Aerodrome, west of the Estates section, hosted the Second International Aviation Meet in 1911, which featured the first official airmail service. Other airfields included the Washington Avenue Field and the Hempstead Aerodrome, which became Roosevelt Field before being replaced by the Roosevelt Field Mall in the 1950s.

In the 1920s, the community continued to grow, with houses built in Garden City Estates as well as the eastern section of Garden City. Housing construction slowed after the 1929 stock market crash. But in the 1930s, hundreds of houses were built to accommodate a population boom, though Garden City used a strict zoning code to preserve Stewart's vision. The Village retained a sense of orderly development, true to its rigorously planned roots.

Starting in the 1930s many branches of well-known New York City stores, including Best & Co., Saks Fifth Avenue, Bloomingdale's, and Lord & Taylor, opened along Franklin Avenue. All of these have subsequently closed due to relocation to nearby Roosevelt Field Mall or closure. The large buildings have been rebuilt as office spaces.

After World War II, following a trend of urban residents moving to the suburbs, Garden City continued to grow. Postwar construction filled out Garden City's borders with many split-level and ranch-style homes, with construction occurring in the town's far eastern, northern and western sections. The Waldorf School of Garden City was founded in 1947 (one of the first Waldorf schools in the United States), originally as part of Adelphi University. The village's new public high school was constructed in 1956, supplementing the original Cherry Valley school, which opened in 1925.

The flat expanse of the land adjacent to Garden City allowed its use for military activities. For the Civil War, Camp Winfield Scott existed, for the Spanish-American War of 1898, Camp Black was established, and for World War I in 1917, Camp Albert Mills occupied land in the southeast part of the village. Camp Mills was decommissioned after the war, but the airbase Mitchel Field, established at the same time just east of the Village, existed until 1962.

In the 1960s, The World discotheque in Garden City featured multi-media supplied by USCO.

In the 1970s, the old Garden City Hotel declared bankruptcy and closed. It was demolished in 1973. A new Garden City Hotel was constructed on the site. In 1978, fifty of the original structures known as the A. T. Stewart Era Buildings were designated a national historic district and listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

In 1989, St. Paul's School closed. In 1993, it was purchased by the Village of Garden City, eventually designating St. Paul's and its property as "park land. St. Mary's School, the sister school of St. Paul's, was demolished in 2002. Since then, six large single-family houses have been built on the property.

The Garden City Public Library, first established in 1952 as a volunteer service, now serves its residents from a building erected in 1973.

On December 7, 1993, the Long Island Rail Road's Merillon Avenue station, which is partially within the village, was the location of the Long Island Rail Road massacre, in which six people were murdered and 19 injured in a racially motivated mass shooting by Colin Ferguson, a black Jamaican immigrant.

21st century

In 2001, Garden City lost 23 residents during the September 11 attacks. Every year on the anniversary of the attack, the Garden City Fire Department holds a remembrance ceremony. A bell tolls after the reading of each of the 23 residents' names, which are etched in the memorial monument stone on the Village Green.

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the village has an area of 5.3 mi2, all land.

The village lost some territory between the 1990 census and the 2000 census.

Garden City is about 18.5 miles east of Midtown Manhattan in New York City.

Drainage

Garden City is primarily within the Mill River Watershed, though its westernmost portions are within the Hook Creek Watershed; the dividing line between the two runs north–south, roughly along Nassau Boulevard.

Both the Mill River and Hook Creek Watersheds are within the Long Island Sound/Atlantic Ocean Watershed.

Climate

According to the Köppen climate classification, Garden City has a Humid subtropical climate (type Cfa) with cool, wet winters and hot, humid summers. Precipitation is uniform throughout the year, with slight spring and fall peaks.{{Weather box | Jan record high F = 71 | Feb record high F = 73 | Mar record high F = 85 | Apr record high F = 94 | May record high F = 97 | Jun record high F = 103 | Jul record high F = 105 | Aug record high F = 104 | Sep record high F = 100 | Oct record high F = 90 | Nov record high F = 83 | Dec record high F = 76 | year record high F = 105 | Jan record low F = -10 | Feb record low F = -7 | Mar record low F = 3 | Apr record low F = 13 | May record low F = 32 | Jun record low F = 43 | Jul record low F = 50 | Aug record low F = 48 | Sep record low F = 38 | Oct record low F = 27 | Nov record low F = 10 | Dec record low F = -1 | year record low F = -10

Plant zone

According to the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Garden City is within hardiness zone 7b.

Greater Garden City area

In addition to the Incorporated Village of Garden City, the Garden City 11530 ZIP code includes another incorporated village, Stewart Manor, and two unincorporated areas of the Town of Hempstead: East Garden City (which was absorbed by the CDP of Uniondale in the 2010s) and Garden City South.

Demographics

As of the census of 2020, 23,272 people lived in Garden City. The population density was 4,059.5 PD/sqmi. The town included 7,715 housing units at an average density of 1,415.2 /mi2. The racial makeup of the village was 88.8% White, 1.1% African American, 0.0% Native American, 4.7% Asian, 0.00% Pacific Islander, 0.4% from other races, and 3.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.3% of the population.

Garden City included 7,338 households, out of which 25.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 69.8% were married couples living together, 7.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 20.7% were non-families. 19.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.83 and the average family size was 3.27.

In the village, the population was spread out, with 26.5% under the age of 18, 4.7% from 20 to 24, 7.2% from 25 to 34, 42.6% over 45, 21.6% over 60 and 1.9% who were over the age of 85. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.1 males.

As of the census of 2020, the median income for a household in the village was $186,607. The per capita income for the village was $83,823.

Government

Village government

Board of Trustees

The Village of Garden City is governed by the Garden City Board of Trustees, which consists of eight members, including a mayor and trustees. Each trustee serves a two-year term, without compensation.

As of April 2024, the Mayor of Garden City is Edward T. Finneran and the Village Trustees are Richard A. Catalano, Judy Courtney, Michele Beach Harrington, Vinny Muldoon, Jessica Tai, Bruce A. Torino and Yvonne Varano.

Community Agreement

The Mayor and Trustees are elected via a "Community Agreement," in which the Village's four Property Owners' Associations – East, West, Central, and Estates, representing the different areas of the Village – hold primary elections in January. Winners are entered on the official ballot in March as the "Community Agreement Party."

From the time of the Village's incorporation until 2021, the candidates were selected by committees on the Property Owners' Associations, upon submitting a letter and resume.

Village Administrator

Additionally, the Board of Trustees hires a village administrator, which oversees village operations and performs many of the duties that a village clerk would usually do. The Village Administrator is Ralph V. Suozzi – the former Mayor of the City of Glen Cove and the cousin of Congressman Thomas R. Suozzi.

Other departments

Garden City has its own police department and volunteer fire department. Firefighting operations are conducted from three fire houses across the Village.

The Department of Recreation and Parks maintains many programs for Village residents, and operates the Community Pool in the Summer months. The Senior Center is used by all ages for meetings and recreational activities. In addition, this commission is responsible for the maintenance of the trees located on streets and municipal property. One of the most important features of the Village is the prohibition of power lines on most streets, allowing the proper development of its street trees.

The Department of Public Works is responsible for the upkeep of the Village. Its equipment is maintained by its own staff at its municipal garage. It provides garbage and rubbish collection, water service, and street maintenance including snow plowing.

Representation in higher government

Town representation

The portions of Garden City located within the Town of Hempstead – the overwhelming majority of the village's territory – is located in the Town of Hempstead's 2nd council district, which as of August 2025 is represented on the Hempstead Town Council by village resident Thomas E. Muscarella (R–Garden City). Meanwhile, the small portion within the Town of North Hempstead is located in the Town of North Hempstead's 3rd council district, which as of August 2025 is represented on the North Hempstead Town Council by Dennis J. Walsh (R–Mineola).

Nassau County representation

The Village of Garden City is in Nassau County's 8th Legislative district, which as of August 2025 is represented in the Nassau County Legislature by John J. Giuffrè (R–Stewart Manor).

New York State representation

New York State Assembly

Garden City is in the New York State Assembly's 19th State Assembly district, which as of August 2025 is represented by Edward P. Ra (R–Garden City South).

New York State Senate

Garden City is in the New York State Senate's 6th State Senate district, which as of August 2025 is represented by Siela A. Bynoe (D–Westbury).

Federal representation

United States Congress

The Village of Garden City is almost entirely in New York's 4th Congressional district, which as of August 2025 is represented by Laura A. Gillen (D-Baldwin). The small portion of the village in the Town of North Hempstead is represented by Thomas R. Suozzi (D–Glen Cove), and is in New York's 3rd Congressional district.

United States Senate

Like the rest of New York, Garden City is represented in the United States Senate by Charles E. Schumer (D) and Kirsten Gillibrand (D).

Politics

Garden City has long been a bastion of the Republican Party, giving Republicans in local, statewide, and national races large margins of the vote. In the 2024 United States presidential election, Donald Trump (R) won a majority of the vote in Garden City.

Education

Public schools

Almost all of Garden City – including all residential properties within the village – is located within the boundaries of the Garden City Union Free School District. Accordingly, all children who reside within Garden City and attend public schools go to Garden City's schools.

Meanwhile, there are two small, uninhabited areas of the village that are in neighboring districts. The westernmost portion of the Garden City Public Works Yard is within the Franklin Square Union Free School District and Sewanhaka Central High School District, while the portion of the village within the Town of North Hempstead – solely consisting of an industrial property – is located within the boundaries of the Mineola Union Free School District.

Private schools

One independent school (the Waldorf School of Garden City (grades pre-K–12)), and two Roman Catholic elementary schools (K–8) (St. Joseph School and St. Anne School), are within the Village of Garden City. The former St. Paul's School and St. Mary's School are now defunct.

Higher education

In 1929, Adelphi College, which later became Adelphi University, moved from Brooklyn to its present, 76 acre campus in Garden City – a move that, in turn, made the school the first four-year college in either Nassau or Suffolk counties.

Media

Garden City is the city of license for PBS member station WLIW, channel 21, which maintains studio facilities at One Worldwide Plaza in Midtown Manhattan and an auxiliary street-level studio in the Lincoln Center complex on Manhattan's Upper West Side; their transmitter is located at One World Trade Center. WLIW also maintains a production studio at its former transmitter site on Long Island, in the nearby Nassau County hamlet of Plainview.

Garden City is primarily served by the New York City media market.

Infrastructure

Transportation

Road

Clinton Road (CR 1) traverses the village and is one of its major north–south thoroughfares. Stewart Avenue (CR 177), meanwhile, runs through the middle of the village and serves as its primary east–west thoroughfare. Other major roads within the village are Cathedral Avenue (CR C31), Cherry Valley Avenue (CR C38), Franklin Avenue (CR 5A), Nassau Boulevard (CR D66), New Hyde Park Road (CR 5B), Old Country Road (CR 25), Rockaway Avenue (CR E06), and Washington Avenue (CR 7A).

Additionally, the Village of Garden City maintains approximately 74 mi of roads.

Road layout

Much of Garden City's street network is laid out to resemble the traditional street grid. A major exception is the Mott Section, which features a series of parallel, semicircular streets and numerous north–south streets connecting the crescents.

Rail

There are five Long Island Rail Road (LIRR) train stations in the village: Stewart Manor, Nassau Boulevard, Garden City, and Country Life Press on the LIRR's Hempstead Branch – and Merillon Avenue on the LIRR's Main Line.

Bus

As of August 2025, nine Nassau Inter-County Express (NICE) bus routes pass through and serve the village: the n15, the n22, the n22x, the n25, the n25/58 the n27, the n35, the n40, and the n40x.

Utilities

Natural gas

National Grid USA provides natural gas to connected homes and businesses in Garden City.

Power

PSEG Long Island provides power to all homes and businesses within Garden City, on behalf of the Long Island Power Authority.

Sewage

Garden City is connected to sanitary sewers. The village maintains a sanitary sewer system which flows into Nassau County's sanitary sewer system, which treats the sewage from the village's system at the Nassau County-owned sewage treatment plants on the South Shore.

Water

The Village of Garden City owns and maintains its own water system. Most of the village is served by this municipal water supply system, but the Water Authority of Western Nassau County services Village residents in the westernmost part of the Village.

Notable landmarks

• Adelphi University
• Apostle Houses
• Cathedral of the Incarnation
• Garden City Hotel
• Garden City High School
• Nassau County Courthouse
• Theodore Roosevelt Executive and Legislative Building (Old Nassau County Courthouse)
• St. Paul's School

Legacy

Garden City inspired the names of several nearby municipalities (as stated above), and is the namesake of Garden Village, Kentucky.

Notable people

• Madeleine Albright (1937–2022), diplomat, political scientist, and United States Secretary of State
• Herbert M. Allison, businessman
• Eddie Arcaro (1916–1997), jockey, and Triple Crown winner
• Jason Blake, NHL All-Star
• Steven Chu, Secretary of Energy, Nobel Prize winner in physics
• Cliff Compton, retired professional wrestler who is a former WWE Tag Team Champion
• Bruce Coslet, former New York Jets head coach
• Matt Daley, New York Yankees pitcher
• Dave DeBusschere, NBA Hall of Famer
• Nelson DeMille, author
• Kent Desormeaux, jockey
• John Gibson, journalist
• Kemp Hannon, New York state senator
• Liza Huber, soap opera actress, Passions
• Joe Iconis, musical theater writer
• Dave Jennings, former New York Giants punter
• Greg Kelly, television anchor
• Harvey J. Levin, pioneer of communications economics, holder of Long Island's first research chair, Hofstra University
• Susan Lucci, actress; grew up in Garden City, worked at the Garden City Hotel, and in 1978 moved back to Garden City
• Eric Mangini, former New York Jets coach
• Christopher Masterson, actor
• Danny Masterson, actor
• Kevin Mawae, former NFL Pro Bowl center and president of NFL Player's Association
• Tom McArdle, Oscar-nominated film editor, Spotlight
• Kiaran McLaughlin, horse trainer
• Richard Migliore, horse jockey
• Mike Milbury, ex-New York Islanders Head Coach and General Manager
• Alexandra Miller, Florida politician and businesswoman
• Joe Mohen, Internet entrepreneur
• Bill Moyers, journalist
• Elliott Murphy, singer-songwriter
• Joe Namath, former NFL quarterback
• Walter Hines Page, United States Ambassador to England during World War I, and co-founder of Doubleday, Page and Co. publishing
• Žigmund Pálffy, four-time NHL All-Star
• Mark Parrish, NHL All-Star
• Larry Pasquale, former special teams coach for the New York Jets
• Kash Patel, FBI Director, former chief-of-staff of the U.S. Secretary of Defense.
• Ethan Phillips, television actor, Star Trek: Voyager
• Todd Pletcher, Award-winning thoroughbred horse trainer.
• Denis Potvin, NHL All-Star
• Nicole Rajičová, Olympic figure skater representing Slovakia.
• Kathleen Rice 4th District of New York Representative; grew up in Garden City on Nassau Boulevard
• Telly Savalas, actor
• Leslie Segrete, Trading Spaces carpenter, designer
• Dennis Seidenberg, two-time Stanley Cup Champion
• Tom Slattery, distance runner
• Lara Spencer, TV host
• Mark Streit, NHL All-Star
• Johnny Sylvester (1915–1990) received as a seriously ill child a promise from Babe Ruth that Ruth would hit a home run in the 1926 World Series on his behalf.
• John Tesh, musician, news anchor
• William B. Turner, World War I hero, recipient of the Medal of Honor
• Chris Weidman, UFC fighter
• Paul Zaloom, actor and puppeteer best known as Beakman on Beakman's World

In popular culture

Film

The film The Spirit of St. Louis (1957), starring James Stewart, features Charles Lindbergh's historical flight to Paris from Roosevelt Field in East Garden City in 1927. Its first few scenes occur at the Garden City Hotel, where Lindbergh had a room reserved (but did not use, contrary to the film's portrayal), and the press corps stayed who were covering the event spent the night prior to his flight; Lindbergh was up all night working on his plane the night before the flight, although he did have dinner and a nap at the Garden City home of his friend, Gregory J. Brandewiede, at 105 Third Street. The opening shot of the film's first scene shows the hotel's front exterior and sign. Subsequent scenes take place – and were filmed – at Roosevelt Field – just outside the village's corporate limits.

Additionally, scenes for The Many Saints of Newark (2021) were filmed at a funeral home within the village.

Other notable films that have been filmed within – or otherwise have scenes set in or make reference to – Garden City include:

• The Antics of Ann (1917)
• Frankenstein Meets the Space Monster (1965)
• Election (1999)
• Boiler Room (2000)
• Street of the Dead (2008)
• The Judgment of Weeping Mary (2008)

Music

Musician and Garden City native John Tesh's fourth album (released in 1989) is titled Garden City (Cyprus Records) as a nod to his hometown; the album includes a song with the same title. The record company he created in 1995 and currently owns is Garden City Records.

Notes

References

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