Flag of Turkey

History

The star and crescent design appears on Ottoman flags beginning in the late 18th or early 19th century. The white star and crescent moon on red as the flag of the Ottoman Empire were introduced in 1844.

After the declaration of the Republic of Turkey in 1923, the new administrative regime maintained the last flag of the Ottoman Empire. Proportional standardizations were introduced in the Turkish Flag Law of 1936.

Legal basis

Fundamentals of the Turkish flag were laid down by Turkish Flag Law No. 2994 on 29 May 1936 during the Republic period of Turkey. Turkish Flag Regulation No. 2/7175 dated 28 July 1937, and Supplementary Regulation No. 11604/2 dated 29 July 1939, were enacted to describe how the flag law would be implemented. The Turkish Flag Law No. 2893 dated 22 September 1983, and Published in the Official Gazette on 24 September 1983, was promulgated six months after its publication. According to Article 9 of Law No. 2893, a statute including the fundamentals of the implementation was also published.

Usage in the Republic of Cyprus

According to the Constitution of Cyprus, the community authorities and their institutions have the right to hoist the Turkish flag (as well as the Greek flag) alongside the flag of Cyprus during the holidays. Any citizen may, without any restriction, fly the Greek or Turkish flag, or both, next to the flag of Cyprus.{{Cite web|url=https://www.law.gov.cy/law/law.nsf/1D2CDD154DCF33C9C225878E0030BA5E/$file/The%20Constitution%20of%20the%20Republic%20of%20Cyprus.pdf|title =The Constitution of the Republic of Cyprus 3. The Communal authorities and institutions shall have the right to fly on holidays together with the flag of the Republic either the Greek or the Turkish flag at the same time. 4. Any citizen of the Republic or any body, corporate or unincorporate other than public, whose members are citizens of the Republic, shall have the right to fly on their premises the flag of the Republic or the Greek or the Turkish flag without any restriction. }}

Construction

Dimensions

The specification below, given by Turkish Flag Law, implies that the distance between (the left edge of) the inner circle of the crescent and a vertical line connecting the two pointed ends of the crescent is G = 0.34875 G; thus, the left point of the star intrudes about 0.0154 G beyond that line.

Display and use

State institutions

The flag is always displayed prominently in state institutions from schools to ministries. The Beştepe Presidential Complex, Parliament, ministries, schools, military, councils, governors buildings, muhtar's offices, bridges, airports, and every state owned building in the country features one or more flags of Turkey.

Uniforms

On military uniforms the flag is displayed on a patch either on the right shoulder or on the front of the uniform. Helmets can display the flag too on the front or the sides. Flight suits, navy uniforms, Jandarma uniforms and others feature the flag on shoulder patches or helmets. Along with uniforms several emblems and patches display the flag with prominence or minor alteration.

Days of display

Turkey celebrates many national events such as battle victories and Republic Day. People come to the streets with their flags to celebrate such days. On other occasions the public uses the flag heavily when protesting or commemorating certain events or deaths respectively. Statues and monuments may be draped with the flag while marches and songs are played. On television screens the flag is displayed in celebration of such events too with the portrait of Atatürk next to it. The flag may also be presented at half staff in mourning of tragic events or important days.

Funerals

The flag has a prominent display on state and military funerals. A burial flag is always draped over the deceased coffin and is carried by the military police or relatives of the deceased. Soldiers of all types and the Presidential Guard also carry the coffin at times. Many attendees also feature the flag on their lapels along with an image of the deceased.

Gallery

File:Flags of Turkey and Northern Cyprus - Northern Nicosia - Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus - 01 (28439610076).jpg|Flag of Turkey and Northern Cyprus File:Atatürk schoolroom wall.jpg|The flag is prominently displayed in classrooms and any and all state institutions. File:İsmet İnönü Hatay'da (1939).jpg|The Turkish flag brought upon the annexation of Hatay. File:84 fanteria Venezia vittoria 26 ottobre 1911.jpg|Turkish flag captured by Italian Forces in 1911 (Italo-Turkish War, Libya) File:Turkish Republic Day 2012 02.JPG|Celebration of Republic Day File:2010 Opening Ceremony - Turkey entering cropped.jpg|Opening ceremony of the 2010 Winter Olympics File:Turkey flag.jpg|Turkish flag by the 15 July Martyrs Bridge File:The new embassy of Turkey in Mogadishu.jpeg|The Turkish Embassy in Somalia File:Turkish flags at half staff.jpg|Turkish flags at half mast, commemorating the 2016 Atatürk Airport attack File:Flag of Hatay.svg|Flag of Hatay State

References

1. "Turkish Flag".
2. "Turkish Flag".
3. "Türk Bayrağı Kanunu".
4. Raw, Laurence. (2013-09-18). "The Silk Road of Adaptation: Transformations across Disciplines and Cultures". Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
5. "Turkey: Law on the flag".
6. "The Turkish Flag and The Turkish National Anthem (Independence March)".